Associate Professor

Library Science

Kanohar Lal Snatakottar Mahila Mahavidyalay

Meerut  Uttar Pradesh, India 

Introduction

Human civilization's socioeconomic situation is always evolving and improving. Data is one of the main forces influencing our everyday behavior in the information era that we now live in. Information and communication technology, or ICT, has significantly changed how libraries operate globally. Since the majority of contemporary resources are kept in electronic storage, ICT aids libraries in a variety of duties like cataloging, information services, circulation management, serial control, and others. Particularly in the methods listed below, the library has utilized ICT.

Information & Communication Technology

The instruments used to gather, store, analyze, and transfer data in a variety of forms are sometimes referred to as "information communication technology" (ICT). Information and communication technology (ICT) describes the use of computer and Internet-based technologies to the delivery of information and communication services to a broad audience of consumers. ICT is a system of technology and software that makes it possible to create, gather, organize, and share multimedia information for a variety of uses. Other ICTs are also addressed, including satellite systems, mobile devices, computers, networks, hardware, and software. All forms of communication technology are covered, along with a vast variety of services and applications. ICT actively supports today's and tomorrow's social and governmental progress. ICT has an influence on life in general and the library in particular.

Information and communication technology, or ICT for short, refers to the hardware and software that enable society to produce, archive, catalog, and disseminate information in multimedia formats for a range of applications. ICT-based programs require an efficient information infrastructure that is evenly distributed across the country and is backed by ICT-trained people. Networks and application networks include fixed-line, wireless, and satellite communications. Applications with a good reputation include multimedia tools and Internet database management systems.

ICT in Libraries

IT Use in Libraries ICT in libraries primarily aims to employ ICT technologies and equipment as a medium and technique for information dissemination. ICT is widely used in libraries to teach patrons how to operate computers and other electronic equipment.

To carry out its many housekeeping, management, and administrative responsibilities, the library has access to a wide range of electronic and digital resources, computer-aided electronic equipment, networks, and the Internet. These tools are crucial for the modernisation of libraries since they have made sharing and accessing information easier. essential concepts

1. Automation: The concept of minimizing human participation in every aspect of library services so that patrons may swiftly obtain the information they need. The database and the management of all library activities are the two key areas of automation.

2. Networking: This is the linking of many libraries and information centers to share information and boost productivity.

3. Digitization:  Using an image scanner, actual books and periodicals may be scanned to produce digital content such as images, text, or books (e-books).

4. E-books and e-journals are digital publications that may be viewed on a computer screen. They are accessible online from any device with a web browser.

5. Social Netwokring Sites: A social network is a platform that brings together people who have interests in hobbies, backgrounds, or personal relationships.

Components of Information Technology

1.Computer Hardware: A new element known as information systems, which deals with the gathering and organizing of information and data, has been introduced with the introduction of computers in firms, colleges, and many other institutions. A system for producing information contains five elements.

2.Computer Software: The actual tools that are utilized to process data are known as computer hardware. A component of information technology is computer hardware. Accessible real technology exists. Information system devices include things like computers, keyboards, hard disks, iPads, and flash drives. The proliferation of sensors that can communicate with computers will be facilitated by the Internet of Things, which will enable anything from household appliances to automobiles and clothing to gather and transmit data.

3. Database: Software, which is a collection of instructions, provides instructions to computer hardware. Software cannot be touched since it is an immaterial object. Software developers write a set of instructions that tell hardware what to perform when they construct a program. System software and application software are the two subcategories of software. A significant portion of the system software that governs a device's operation is an operating system, like Windows. Software designed for this purpose can alter a spreadsheet or piece of paper.

4. Telecommunication: Data is the third element. A database is a systematic collection of organized data kept electronically on a computer system. Data is frequently conceived of as a collection of facts. Your home city, street address, and phone number are a few instances of information. Data is an intangible, much like software. Any sort of data may be stored, managed, and retrieved using databases. They gather data on individuals, locations, or objects. To see and be seen, it congregates in one location. Using one or more predetermined criteria, a database is a collection of data that can be searched.

5. Human Resource and Process: Telephone: In addition to hardware, software, and data—generally regarded as the three primary components of information technology—the inclusion of telephone has been advocated. This part develops a network by joining devices together. Through telecommunications, information is electronically sent over large distances. Data, voice conversations, pictures, videos, and text may all be used as forms of information

The human side of information systems, or the people required to administer the system and the processes to be followed, is the final and, perhaps, most crucial component. The users of the information system will be the focus of the following phase. Those who work in information systems, such as chief information officers (CIOs), system analysts, programmers, and support workers, are crucial components of the system. The procedure is the last component of the information system. A process is a set of operations carried out to accomplish a certain objective or result. Organizational practices that increase productivity and control increasingly include information technology.

Use of ICT tools

Information and communication technology (ICT), which enables libraries to create workable plans to enhance service delivery, is what drives the transformation of information. Users can get information from libraries in a number of ways. Below is an outline of a few ICTs that are mostly utilized for various forms of communication:

Communication technology

1. E-mail: Electronic mail, sometimes known as e-mail, is the most well-liked and frequently used Internet service. Through the Internet, everyone in the globe may send a message. Email may be used to send any message or message included in a text file. Through email lists, people interact and converse online. Email may be used to send photographs and computer applications. Communication of this kind happens often.

2. Internet Relay Chat: Internet Relay Chat: This method enables connections from more than two machines and is safer than the talk feature. Because it is a contract, many people find it simpler to take part in online discipline. Numerous modifications will be made to HR operations as a result of the usage of information technology. It is critical to realize that information technology may be effectively employed as a management tool. It isn't a goal unto itself. Use that is efficient will lighten the administrative load.

3. Voice mail: Before the caller has a chance to respond, a prepared message is played through the voicemail system, which electronically maintains contacts in the language that is allocated to the phone. The message can be picked up later by having the receiver contact particular phone numbers. Because it can manage many phone lines and has additional functionalities in addition to voicemail, voicemail differs from answering machines.

4. Telephone: A telephone is a gadget that enables a user to chat and take calls simultaneously. A simple and affordable means of communication is the telephone. As a result, it is now a commonly utilized communication technology worldwide. There are billions of working phones worldwide.

5. Fax: The transmission and receiving of faxes is managed by a networked computer that offers a bank of fax/modems. The management of incoming and outgoing telephone resources is really handled by the advanced fax servers that will replace email document exchange.

Internet: The Internet is the biggest computer network in the world. A large amount of information is available on the Internet, which is made up of millions of smaller residential, educational, professional, and governmental networks. Email, online chat, file sharing, instant messaging, and other World Wide Web apps are just a few examples of the numerous applications available on the Internet.

RFID Technology: In order to accurately identify a person, animal, or object, RFID development uses electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling in the radio repeat portion of the electromagnetic reach. "RFID" is an abbreviation for radio repeat recognizing verification. The transmitter, scanner receiving wire, and transmitter make up the three parts. The device is an RFID reader or inspector, and the radio wire and transmitter are coupled. A mobile or stationary device with a network connection is an RFID reader. Signals that trigger the signal are transmitted using radio waves. The tag converts the signal it provides to the antenna into data after processing it.

Digital Library: A combination of services and information objects that offer consumers access to information objects makes up a digital library. A digital library is created by an online library using computers, allowing access and sharing of content without the need for physical storage or digital storage. A digital library typically consists of three basic parts: information stored in digital (or native digital or digital) form, networks used to access and transfer information, and copies made by downloading or online/offline printing.

Resource Sharing: The practice of resource sharing is founded on the cooperative idea, and it is done by a particular set of cooperative libraries. This holds true for the trade of goods, services, knowledge, resources, and real estate. In relation to library science, the idea of resource sharing is significant and well-known. The idea of a "library network" is joining libraries together to facilitate effective resource and information exchange among member institutions. Unpredictable data growth, high acquisition expenses, administration of bibliographies, content storage, etc. removes restrictions like sharing that prevent you from using library resources to their fullest.

Library Automation: The term "library automation" describes the use of computers to automate clerical work in libraries, such as cataloging and circulation. Computers and other technology are used by libraries as part of the automation process to support their systems and services. Automation in libraries refers to the transformation of analog procedures into digital ones. As an illustration, consider switching from a card catalog to an OPAC or from a manual circulation card to an integrated library system. Automation is the use of machinery to accelerate operations while requiring less labor and time. Giving librarians and other staff members more time to actively participate in the sharing of knowledge and information is the primary objective of library automation. Automation is defined in the description of the topic of library science as "technology related to the design and development of processes and systems that minimize human intervention in their operation."

Electronic Document Delivery: This approach, which is safer than the talk function, allows connections from more than two machines. Many individuals find it easier to participate in online discipline since there is a contract. The use of information technology will result in a number of changes to HR operations. Realizing that information technology may be used effectively as a management tool is crucial. It is not an end in and of itself. Efficiency in use will reduce the administrative burden.

E-reference services: A prepared message is played through the voicemail system, which electronically keeps contacts in the language assigned to the phone, before the caller has an opportunity to answer. The receiver can pick up the message at a later time by calling specific phone numbers. Voicemail varies from answering machines since it can handle multiple phone lines and has extra features in addition to voicemail.

Online searching: A telephone is a device that enables a person to talk on the phone and take calls at the same time. The telephone is a straightforward and reasonably priced form of communication. It has become a widely used communication technique as a result. Worldwide, there are billions of functional phones.

Conclusion: A networked computer with a bank of fax/modems controls the sending and receiving of faxes. The sophisticated fax servers that will take the place of email document interchange actually control incoming and outgoing telephone resources.

The world's largest computer network is the Internet. The Internet, which consists of millions of smaller home, educational, professional, and governmental networks, has a vast quantity of information available. One example of the countless applications accessible on the Internet is email. Other examples include online chat, file sharing, instant messaging, and other World Wide Web apps.

To exceptionally recognize an individual, creature, or thing, RFID innovation utilizes electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling in the radio recurrence district of the electromagnetic range. The expression "RFID" alludes to radio recurrence distinguishing proof. The transmitter, scanner radio wire, and transmitter are the three sections. The gadget is known as a RFID peruser or cross examiner while the filtering recieving wire and transmitter are appended. A portable or fixed gadget with an organization association is a RFID peruser. The transmissions that create the transmission are moved through radio waves. The label changes over the sign into information in the wake of handling it and sending it to the recieving wire.

a digital library A digital library is made up of services and information items that give users access to information objects. A computer-based online library may access and share material without the requirement for physical or digital storage by creating a digital library. Information kept in digital (or native digital or digital) form, networks used to access and transmit information, and copies generated by downloading or online/offline printing are the three main components of a digital library.

The act of sharing resources is based on the cooperative principle and is carried out by a specific group of cooperative libraries. This applies to the exchange of products, services, information, materials, and real estate. The concept of resource sharing is significant and well-known in connection to library science. A "library network" would connect libraries to enable efficient resource and information sharing across participating organizations. The removal of constraints like sharing that hinder you from utilizing library resources to their utmost potential is made possible by unpredictable data expansion, expensive acquisition costs, management of bibliographies, content storage, etc.

The use of computers to automate clerical tasks in libraries, such as cataloging and circulation, is referred to as "library automation". In order to support its systems and services through automation, libraries employ computers and other technologies. In libraries, automation is the conversion of analog processes to digital ones. Think of replacing a card catalog with an OPAC as an example, or a manual circulation card with an integrated library system. The use of machines to speed up processes while requiring less labor and time is known as automation. The main goal of library automation is to give librarians and other staff members more time to actively engage in the sharing of knowledge and information. The discipline of library science is described as involving "technology related to the design and development of processes and systems that minimize human intervention in their operation."

Reference

1. Patra, B.K (2008) “The Role of Information and Communication Technology on Management and Services of Academic Libraries. Technology India Group Research Journal, 1 (1)

2. Use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) and Library Operation: An Overview

3. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/290492226.pdf

4. https://www.britannica.com/story/5-components-of-information-systems

5. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/santaana-informationsystems/chapter/definition-and-components-of-information-systems/

6. https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet

7. https://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition/RFID-radio-frequency-identification

8.https://futalib.wordpress.com/2013/01/13/use-of-information-and-communication-technology-ict-in-the-library-library-automation/

9.https://eng.libretexts.org/Courses/Delta_College/CS11_-_Informations_Systems/01%3A_What_is_an_Information_System/1.01.01%3A_Introduction_to_Information_Systems/1.1A%3A_Components_of_an_Information_System