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Odisha's Development Challenges and the Need for Inclusive Growth Odisha, an Indian state, faces numerous development challenges that hinder its progress. This article examines these issues and proposes strategies for addressing them. The public education system in Odisha is in disarray, affecting both school and university levels. This has resulted in the creation of inadequately skilled manpower, undermining the state's ability to build a healthy society. Furthermore, the healthcare system is inadequate, forcing many to rely on private providers, which adds to the economic burden of the middle class and those below. The state's economic development is largely extraction-based, leading to environmental degradation and jobless growth. The decline of the agriculture sector has resulted in distress migration, exacerbating the situation. Odisha's vulnerability to natural calamities, such as cyclones, floods, and droughts, further compounds the problem. To address these challenges, it is essential to empower marginalized communities, including scheduled tribes, scheduled castes, other backward castes, women, disabled individuals, landless people, and slum dwellers. This can be achieved by ensuring their access to high-quality education, healthcare, and sustainable livelihoods. A multi-faceted approach is necessary to promote inclusive growth in Odisha. By adopting a holistic approach to development, Odisha can address its challenges and promote sustainable, inclusive growth, ultimately improving the lives of its citizens.

Odisha, with its diverse socio-political terrain and predominantly rural population, presents a complex development scenario. This study undertakes an in-depth examination of Odisha's development dynamics, integrating insights from development practitioners, informed citizens, existing literature, and grassroots-level observations. Comparative Development Indicators: Benchmarking Odisha's development metrics against national standards. Assessing Odisha's natural and human resource endowments. Development Trajectory analysing Odisha's development objectives, strategies, and challenges. Critically evaluating the social factors driving socio-political change in Odisha, with a focus on poverty, inequitable planning, and developmental paradigms. This study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of Odisha's socio-political scenario, identify the root causes of existing inequalities, and highlight areas requiring targeted intervention and reform.

The lack of a social vision on stability and development of marginalized segments is insufficient. Besides, the same issues and crises are also present in long-term investments in agriculture, land use, and infrastructure development, as well as in the creation of human resources. The government's role seems a little irresponsible (Sainath, 1996). Odisha has the notoriety of being the fourth in the country in water pollution load (Pandey & Ghosh, 2002). Ambient air quality (suspended particulate matter and SOx) is at an unlivable level in the mining and industrial belts and transportation corridors because of poor management of dumping areas, blasting, mechanization of mining operations, ore benefaction, large scale movement of trucks, lack of dust suppression systems and absence of tree cover (Vasundhara, 2008). Between 1950 and 2009, the fish variety in Mahanadi came down from 104 to 43 (Pati & Biswal, 2009). Perennial streams and tube wells either start yielding less water or get completely dried up because of destruction of aquifers. All major rivers of the state, i.e. Mahanadi, Brahmani and Baitarani are highly polluted due to mining activity along the banks, industries and domestic effluents from habitations (Choudhury & Satapathy, 2010). Urban local bodies release sewage directly to the rivers, as none of the 103 bodies of the state have treatment systems in place. Water in different parts of the state is contaminated by hexavalent chromium (Sukinda valley), fluoride (Nuapada, Nayagarh and Angul), nitrate (Ganjam), iron (Mayurbhanj, Koraput, Puri, Anugul, Rayagada, Keonjhar, Sundergarh and Cuttack) and chloride (Puri, Balasore, Jajpur and Kendrapara) (Rath, 2010). Odisha remains far behind in poverty reduction because of its focus on mining, extraction based industrialisation without value addition, degradation of natural resources on which large groups of population depend for their livelihood, neglect of agriculture and land reforms (Padhi & Panigrahi, and Mishra, 2010). The traditional education system in the state has a high artificially pass-out rate at the school and high failure and high drop-out rate at the college level, from employability and enrollment perspective. (Banerjee, 2014) aptly puts it: “ Most drops out, rejected and dejected are labeled as failures. The economic survey report clearly stated that financial ignorance and social disparities are the main problems behind the progress of Odisha, and the government must rethink the development of models and policies (Amitabh Kundu, Odisha Development Report, 2020).

Odisha, a state in eastern India, faces numerous development challenges. This paper examines the key development indicators, resources, objectives, strategies, and challenges in Odisha. The state's development indicators reveal a mixed picture. While Odisha has made progress in certain areas, it still lags behind in others, such as poverty reduction and human development. The state's natural resources, including land, water, and forests, are abundant, but their management is a significant challenge. The state's human resources, including its manpower and educational institutions, also require attention. The objectives of development in Odisha are multifaceted and include poverty reduction, human development, and economic growth. However, the state's development strategies have been criticized for being inadequate and ineffective. The challenges facing Odisha's development are numerous and includes Disparity in ownership, access, and control of natural resources. Economic disparity, with 15 districts having more than 60% of their population below the poverty line. Social disparity, with significant gaps in education, health, and other social indicators. Administrative deficits, including weak governance and inadequate institutional capacity. Biased media and civil society organizations.

To address these challenges, the paper suggests several possible ways forward, including:

1. Restoring governance and accountability.
2. Prioritizing development goals and implementing them through effective institutions.
3. Promoting technology-based and market-linked development.
4. Enhancing carrying capacity of land, water, and forest resources.
5. Overhauling the education and health systems.
6. Promoting inclusive financial service delivery.

Ultimately, addressing Odisha's development challenges will require a multifaceted approach that involves government, civil society, and other stakeholders.

The present study is analytical in nature, and it has taken mostly secondary data into consideration. Where has been used the newspapers and research reports available on the internet database in primary. Secondary data exclusively includes books, journals, and information from blogs.

Odisha, an eastern Indian state, faces numerous socio-economic challenges despite its rapid growth. The state's agricultural sector, which employs most of the rural population, is hindered by inadequate scientific assistance and insufficient investment.

1. Poverty: Corruption and ineffective implementation of poverty alleviation programs hinder progress.
2. Education: Limited access to higher education, particularly in rural areas, persists despite a literacy rate of 73.5%.
3. Industrialization: Odisha's rich natural resources remain underutilized due to slow industrialization efforts.
4. Development Model: The state's development model neglects peripheral communities, lacking infrastructure, capacity, and scale.
5. Ineffective Planning: Disparities between planning and implementation hinder development.
6. Land Ownership: Unequal land distribution perpetuates social disparities.
7. Ease of Doing Business: Odisha's business environment is challenging, with difficulties in accessing resources.
8. Social Awareness: Social awareness campaigns are necessary to empower citizens and promote human rights.

Odisha's development is hindered by various socio-economic challenges. To address these, the state government must reassess its development model, prioritize social awareness, and implement effective planning and policy execution. This will unlock Odisha's potential for comprehensive and inclusive development.

Odisha, an eastern Indian state, grapples with multifaceted development challenges. The public education system's collapse has created socio-economically unsuitable manpower, hindering the state's progress. The Systemic Failure Symptoms of Odisha's development strategies have yielded through Disempowered communities, Unrealistic population aspirations, Jobless growth, Rising educated youth unemployment, Social friction, Distorted Political Connect. The ruptured link between the masses and ruling class perpetuates poor governance and unsustainable development. Environmental insecurity, stemming from destabilized natural resource-based livelihoods, exacerbates social tensions. Natural resource depletion consequences resource depletion has led to Unemployment and underemployment Increasing morbidity, Distress migration, Social disharmony and conflicts

Elite Group Emergence Local social environment transformation has enabled elite groups to control community futures. Effective Measures Needed To tackle these challenges: Analyze circumstances, Foster inclusive development, Raise awareness about government initiatives, Stimulate investment and small-scale production, Combat corruption and ensure effective planning. Odisha's development challenges demand comprehensive solutions. The government must reassess planning and implementation, balancing state and central initiatives for holistic growth.

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