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"In the nineteenth century, women formed as a distinct interest group, owing to the bourgeoisie democratic upheavals of the 17th and 18th centuries, which excluded women from their vision of equality. This differentiation was made on the basis of gender. Since then, women have fought for acknowledgment of their human rights as a collective. Women play a multifaceted function in society, serving as an earner for her family, a caregiver for her family, a mother, wife, daughter, and a social service provider. Despite the fact that women contribute equally to the growth of the country as men, they face a variety of barriers that prevent them from realising their full potential. In this context, governments all over the world were compelled to prioritise the interests of women and their participation in the development process at every step.

Women have always been distinct part of society who had struggled much for their existence in the world.When we talk of ground level justice and equality of women in society, it lacks practicability even after several measures taken by state and non- state actors. Here, a reason is thereof developed to study how situation of women has changed by the use of such organisations. Several studies , acts, schemes, etc have been taken in the case and hence, I considered National Commission for Women into consideration which has been very much active for the upliftment of the condition of women in the society. I have considered several acts of National Commission for Women , books like Sen Amartya,Missing Women,British Medical Journal,304,587-588(1992) KishwarMadhu, where daughters are unwanted,Manushi,86,15-22(1995) Narayan Shashi S., Gender Equality through reservation in decision making bodies,Social Action ,48,148(1998) Arora Mukesh, Sharma Aditi, Rights of women: Role of NHRC&NCW magazines such as Sabharwal Sagun,K G.Santhya and Shireen J Jejeebhoy, Determinants of Martial violence, Economic and Political Weekly,47,41-45(2018) Vishwanath L.S., Female Infanticide: The colonial Experience, Economic and Political Weekly,45,2313-2318. Sarpotdar Anagha, Sexual harrasment of Women: Reflections on the Private Sector, Economic and Political Weekly,47,18-23(2013) data,reports & surveys as National Commission on Population, National Population Policy 2000- Objectives, National Commission on Population, Government of India (2000) Jha P., R. Kumar, P. Vasa and N. Dhingra et al, Low Male to female sex ratio of children born in India: national survey of 1.1 million households, Lancet, 367,211-218(2006) from which this paper has been framed. The paper will be of help how National Commission for Women have drawn steps by working on several aspects on which many organisations can go forth.

Womens' Rights
Violations in India
“This section will look forward to human rights abuse of women in India.”
Missing of girl child: 
“These words as missing women were first time used by Prof. Amartya Sen exactly when he demonstrated that in numerous horticultural countries the degree of women when diverged from men in the general population is disastrously low. The lopsided sex extent in various states in India is one of the crucial reasons because of which women, and young women, vanish'. The youngsters from the powerless families in India are sold by the middle people to the men's in particularly in Northern India where the issue of imbalanced sex extent is a ton of obvious. Beside these there are occurrences of women vanishing from their conjugal homes.”
Dowry deaths
 "In India, the irregular endowment passings of ladies at their marital house has been expanding at an alarming rate," writes /Womens Human Rights and Indian Constitution.Settlement questions are a significant difficult issue. The National Crime Records Bureau in India in its report had uncovered that in 2018 around 8154 recently married ladies were slaughtered for settlement. The part of spouse's response to endowment brought at the hour of marriage on ensuing experience of conjugal viciousness. The generously decreased danger of encountering physical and sexual brutality among ladies whose spouses were happy with the share mirrors the solid impact of settlement in deciding ladies' situation inside the family. Regardless of the way that Section 498A of the Indian Penal code decidedly deals with the individual liable for intimate fierceness and has reported taking and giving of settlement as a bad behaviour it is at this point been comprehensively practiced in India . Infact the Dowry Prohibition Act has not been acceptably positioned into action in India. It has been discovered that by and large different states neither have a Dowry Prohibition Officers nor do they made it mandatory to keep the record of things given and got.”
Domestic Violence 
India have passed act named as ‘Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005’, domestic violence is still a non neglectableable problem. Domestic violence is mostly motivated by the patriarchal nature of Indian society, which encourages such violence at home.Aside from this, the problem of alcoholic husbands, the desire for endowments, or having a male child are some of the other variables that contribute to domestic violence in India.Aside from this, the problem of alcoholic husbands, the desire for endowments, or having a male child are some of the other variables that contribute to domestic violence in India.
Domestic violence against women had taken the form of slapping, striking, public humiliation, and other forms of psychological and physical abuse.In India the ‘Dowry Prohibition Act and the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act and cruelty under Section 498 A of the Indian Penal Code in 1983’ declares Violence against a woman in her conjugal home is a serious and non-bailable offence that can result in a three-year prison sentence and a fine.
Child Marriage
"Although there is a legislation prohibiting the marriage of children under the age of eighteen in India, it is nevertheless practised in many parts of the country. A girl's childhood innocence, which is required for physical, emotional, and psychological growth, is taken away when she marries as a child.Chid Marriage Act 2006 prohibits child marriage and declares 18 years and 21 years as the marri gable age for the girls and boys. According to the National Population Policy, over 50% of the girls marry below the age of 18, resulting in a typical reproductive pattern of ‘too early, too frequent, too many’, resulting in a high IMR.growth, is taken away when she marries as a child.
Spousal abuse, particularly sexual violence perpetrated by husbands, has a devastating effect on the child's innocent mind and body. Even today, on the auspicious day of Akas Teej in Rajasthan, a lot of children are married off. Right to Abortion Womens Health with Gender Prospective "Infanticide, foeticide, sex-selective abortion, which has become frequent thanks to amniocentesis technology, and malnutrition among girl children all contribute to women's poor status.non believable number of 10 million females aborted just because of carrying a girl child. Despite the fact that the Indian government has proclaimed pre-birth sex determination by the use of amniocentesis to be illegal, illegal termination of female foetuses by untrained nurses and workers is common, especially in northern regions such as Haryana, Rajasthan, and Punjab. All of these has resulted in an increase in maternal death rates.
Female foeticide
Spousal abuse, particularly sexual violence perpetrated by husbands, has a devastating effect on the child's innocent mind and body. Even today, on the auspicious day of Akas Teej in Rajasthan, a lot of children are married off. Right to Abortion Womens Health with Gender Prospective "Infanticide, foeticide, sex-selective abortion, which has become frequent thanks to amniocentesis technology, and malnutrition among girl children all contribute to women's poor status." In India, over 10 million female foetuses are estimated to have been aborted in the last 20 years. The child sex ratio in Punjab declined from 894 in 1961 to 793 in 2011. In Haryana, the child sex ratio plummeted from 910 in 1961 to 820 in 2011.Despite the fact that the Indian government has proclaimed pre-birth sex determination by the use of amniocentesis to be illegal, illegal termination of female foetuses by untrained nurses and workers is common, especially in northern regions such as Haryana, Rajasthan, and Punjab. All of these has resulted in an increase in maternal death rates.
Education
"Education is the tool by which women can be empowered in the real sense.," says the author. Despite the fact that Article 21 of the Indian Constitution makes it mandatory for the government to give free education to all citizens, a high percentage of female education remains a distant ideal.
Despite the fact that the Sarva Shiksya Abhiyan has been successful in bringing the girl child back to school to some extent, their school retention rate is lower than their male counterpart. In fact, it has been discovered that as girl pupils progress through the grades, they begin to drop out. This is especially true in India's rural areas. The main reasons for this are because parents expect girls to look after their siblings while they are at work, work as seasonal labour with their parents during the harvest season, and manage home chores while their parents are at work, Working with the parents as seasonal labour during the cultivation season and managing the household while the parents are at work, the parents are more interested in the boys education than the girls education because they believe the girls will be married off, increasing the cost of education, and so on. As a result, universal primary education in India remains a distant ideal for women. "The initiative on a discourse on sexual harassment of women at their employment in India began with the Supreme Court's Vishaka recommendations in 1997," according to the Supreme Court. The passage of the 'Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Bill 2013', on the other hand, aided in the translation of these guidelines into actual rules that must be followed. 
Sexual harassment at the workplace: The subject of sexual harassment, however, is still generally ignored in India today. Because of social taboos still linked with sexual harassment, the restrictions have never been successfully applied. In India, women face discrimination when it comes to receiving money for their work. it happens in both village and city areas.. Women entrepreneurs face additional challenges when it comes to obtaining loans to establish their own firm." "Over the last ten years, the number of rape cases in India has increased significantly. To deal with rape cases in India, the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act 2013 was passed.
Rape
For last 20 years, number of rapes have been increasing. According to National Crime Records Bureau, in 2018, 25000 rape cases were reported.In India in the rural areas, particularly in Northern India , the upper caste people use mass rape as a strategy to have power over the members of the lower caste group.
Cultural violence against women
The communities and societies in most parts of India are bound up with patriarchal normative universes from which women can scarcely get actual justice," says the report. Religious institutions, village communities, and artificial communities such as professional bodies are scarcely models of gender equality. Religious societies have frequently made women's lives more difficult by pressuring them to follow rigid traditions that are harmful to women. 
3. Protection of Women’s Human Rights by the Constitution of India
“The constitution of India provides rights for females. The constitution creators were very much aware of the subordinate and in reverse situation of ladies in the general public. They put forth a few attempts for elevate of ladies in our general public. The state is coordinated to accommodate maternity alleviation to female specialists under Article 42 of the Constitution, while Article 51-A pronounces it as a major obligation of each Indian resident to deny practices to regard the respect of ladies. Indian Parliament has passed the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 for the appropriate execution of Article 51-A. Indian Parliament over the course of the years have made critical strides for through enactments to accomplish the objective of engaging the ladies in India. The huge among them are the Equal Remuneration Act, the Prevention of Immoral Traffic Act, the Sati (Widow Burning the privileges of) Prevention Act, and the Dowry Prohibition Act and so on Aside from these, the 73rd and 74th Constitution (Amendment) Acts accommodated 33% booking for ladies in both pachayat and Nagarpalika foundations just as for the places of administrators of these bodies. These two revisions eliminated the bottlenecks from the ways of ladies strengthening at the nearby level. Truth be told it has been discovered that the Karnataka sends greatest number of ladies to the PRIs followed by Kerala and Manipur. To encourage equivalent investment of ladies at the public and state level governmental issues, the bill accommodating 33% reservation of seats for ladies in public and States councils has been presented in Parliament. Other than this, the public authority in India have instituted an assortment of laws like Dowry Prohibition Act, Sati counteraction Act and so forth to ensure the privileges of the ladies. Aside from this, in India, National Commission for Women had been set up in 1990 to investigate the ladies' concern. NCW have drawn in them to manage the cases identifying with the infringement of ladies' privileges. They have compressed the public authority to pass stricter laws to manage the assault cases, aggressive behavior at home and to make a different criminal code for the ladies and so on.” 
4. National Commission for Women 
“The National Commission for Women (NCW) is a legal body which works under the National Commission for Women Act.1990. The NCW comprises of an administrator. five individuals and a part secretary, all assigned by the Central Government as per rules accommodated in the Act. The commission carries on different capacities, for example, to research and inspect all issue identifying with the shields given to ladies under the constitution and different laws: 
5. Functions of the Commission 
i. Inquiries and Investigations 
“The NCW new also has the powers of a civil court while investigating and examining matters relating to the safeguards provided for women under the Constitution and other laws.It talks of deprivation of women rights. It looks into complaints and takes suo motu notice of matters relating to non-implementation of laws and ‘non-compliance of policy decisions, guidelines or instructions enacted and aimed at, mitigating hardships, ensuring welfare, and achieving equality and development, and then take up the issues arising out of such matters with the appropriate authorities.” 
ii. Measurements
NCW members participate in and advise on the planning process for women's socioeconomic development, as well as propose and assess strategies to increase their representation in all domains. The NCW is also responsible for reviewing the constitutional and other legal protections for women, studying how they work, recommending revisions to address any shortfalls or flaws, and recommending steps for more effective implementation. For example, the now has requested modifications to the Indian Penal Code to enhance the controls on the trafficking of teenage girls in order to fulfil its mandate. It also recommends that child marriage be declared void and designated a non-bailable offence under the Child Marriage Restraint Act (1929).
iii. Legal Intervention 
“The Parivarik Mahila Lok Adalat, (PMLA) is an innovative mechanism developed by the NCW, which has taken up 7500 cases so far.It deals by family laws and works on empowering women. According to Section 10 of the National Commission for Women Act, 1990, the National Commission for Women shall perform all or any of the fallowing functions, namely:” 
Investigation and Examination - investigate and examine all concerns relevant to women's rights under the Indian Constitution of 1950 and other laws;" 2. "Presentation of Reports - Annually and at such other times as the Commission may deem appropriate, provide reports to the Central Government reporting on the operation of those safeguards;" 3. "Evaluate - review the existing provisions of the Constitution of India, 1950, and other laws affecting women from time to time and recommend revisions in order to adopt remedial legislative measures to address any lacunae, deficiencies, or weaknesses in such legislations;"
4. Taking up cases of violation -with the competent authorities, take up cases of violation of the provisions of the Constitution of India, 1950, and other legislation relating to women."
Suo Motu Notice - investigates complaints, takes suo motu notice of concerns relating to policy decisions.
“Women’s Rights - deprivation of women’s rights; enacted to provide protection to women and also to achieve the objective of equality and development.” 
policy decisions - non-compliance of policy decisions, guidelines, or instructions intended to lessen hardships, ensure women's welfare, and provide relief; and raises the issue arising out of functions. Promotional Research - conduct promotional research to discover reasons that impede women's advancement and to offer ways to ensure equal representation of women in all sectors. 
“Socio-economic development - participate and advise on the planning process of socio-economic development of women;” 
“Evaluation -to check progress of position of women in Country as whole.
“Inspections - inspect or cause to be inspected a jail, remand home women’s institution or other place of custody where women are kept as prisoners;” 
“Fund - fund litigation, involving issues affecting a large body of women;” 
“Reports - make reports on any matter pertaining to women and in particular various difficulties under which women toil.” 
6. Powers of Women’s Commission 
The National Commission for Women shall have all the powers of a civil court trying a case, according to Section 10(4) of the National Commission for Women Act of 1990, in regards to the following issues: (a) summoning and compelling the presence of any individual from any region of India and questioning him under oath; (b) demanding the discovery and production of any document; (c) accepting testimony on affidavits; (d) requesting any public record or a copy thereof from any court or office; (e) releasing commissions for the examination of witnesses and documents; and (f) any other issue that may be prescribed. 
“by the reference of sec 11 of National Commission for Women Act which was passed in 1990, central government grants the fund for all this, however, with prior approval of the Parliament. The Commission my spend such sum of money for the purpose of performing such functions as laid down under the said Act. Annual Report -By section 13 of NCW1990, NCW to prepare annual report of activities.
Central Government to consult commission (Sec. 16) 
“The central government shall consult the commission on all major policy maters affecting women.” 
Power to make rules 
Central government make rules under this provision. Every rule made under this shall be approved by both the house of parliament.” 
Work done by NCW with respect to ladies' privileges and opportunity:- 
i. “NCW has proposed number of jobs and several ways by which harrasement at workplace happens along with reasons. 
ii. "NCW has dismantled Delhi police to inquire into complaints of allegedly offensive depictions of women wearing condoms on the fronts of organisations and return to it within thirty days
iii. “The National Commission for ladies has asked the Uttar Pradesh Government to test a protest against Samajwadi party pioneer.”  
iv.  “NCW needs provisions related to women in any problem be described in Indian Penal Code."
Downsides of ladies commission 
a. “The commission is reliant on the award from the Union Government.” 
b. “The commission cannot choose its members."
c. “The power is vested with the Union Government.” 
d. “The commission has no privilege to concrete administrative force.” 
e. It suggest changes and reports to state or central government which is unofficial.
f. “The Commission's Jurisdiction isn't usable in Jammu and Kashmir.” 
g. The National Commission for ladies in India holds onto ladies' motivation just when it is exposed. Unreported instances of persecution and concealment of ladies are not taken care of. 
h. In rustic area still there is absence of mindfulness training, openings and fundamental offices for ladies for financial of strengthening. 
Suggestions for upgradation of commission 
a.  “The Commission recommended should be allowed the force of select its own part.” 
b. “The more capacity to given commission.” 
c. “Fair individual ought to be designated in the commission and the have having an information on law and comprehend to society and human conduct.” 
d. NCW have obligation to advise to NCW with respect to ladies infringement cases at the area level.” 
e.  “Measures like projects etc we

1. “Sen Amartya, Missing Women, British Medical Journal, 304, 587-588 (1992).” 2. “Sabharwal Sagun, K.G. Santhya and Shireen J Jejeebhoy, Determinants of Marital violence, Economic and Political Weekly, 47, 41-45 (2018).” 3. “National Commission on Population, National Population Policy 2000-Objectives, National Commission on Population, Government of India (2000).” 4. “Kishwar Madhu, Where daughters are unwanted, Manushi, 86, 15-22 (1995).” 5. “Jha P., R. Kumar, P. Vasa and N. Dhingra et al, Low Male to female sex ratio of children born in India: national survey of 1.1 million households, Lancet, 367, 211-18 (2006).” 6. “Vishwanath L.S., Female Infanticide: The Colonial Experience, Economic and Political Weekly, 45, 2313- 2318.” 7. “Sarpotdar Anagha, Sexual harassment of Women: Reflections on the Private Sector, Economic and Political Weekly, 47, 18-23 (2013).” 8. “Mihra Sweta, Women and 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act: A Critical Appraisal, Social Action, 44, 16-30 (1997).” 9. “Narayan Shashi S., Gender Equality through reservation in decision making bodies, Social Action, 48, 148 (1998).”