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Women Empowerment Through Women Entrepreneurship (A Case Study of Urban Indian Women) | |||||||
Paper Id :
16275 Submission Date :
2022-06-18 Acceptance Date :
2022-06-22 Publication Date :
2022-06-25
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Abstract |
Womens Entrepreneurship was neglected in ancient times but today due to the spread of education and awareness the picture has changed and women have emerged as Successful Entrepreneurs today, Now the family is run by Both men and women. It is going that if either of the two remains backward, then the development of the family will not be possible. Similarly, when we talk about any country women entrepreneurship has an important role in the economic development of that country, and if women entrepreneurship is neglected and prevented from engaging in production activities the country’s development will slow down.
This Research paper highlights the importance of women's Entrepreneurship and also focuses on the important role of women's Entrepreneurship in the Indian Economy and their Contribution to Economic Development. In this research paper, the problems faced by women entrepreneurs ship have been described and some suggestions have been given to overcome those problems.
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Keywords | Women Entrepreneurship, Contributions, Production, Economic Growth. | ||||||
Introduction |
The importance of Entrepreneurship in increasing in the Modern Era. This is a global phenomenon. Developed countries and already enjoying the fruits of Development. In Contrast, in Developing economics like India, Entrepreneurship has recently gained importance in Developing Countries, considering it as a method of promoting Self – Employment but for beyond that to improve and sustain the country’s economic growth will have to see effective and optimum utilization of available resources in general and human resources, in particular, is essential for the development of any region or country. Competent Human Resources will certainly make optimum use of other resources of a developing economy like India, which will enable entrepreneurs to make use of Scare natural Resources. The development of the country requires capable Entrepreneurs who will take risks and seize every opportunity to utilize the existing physical and natural resources.
Entrepreneurship has been a male-dominated field since ancient times. But in modern times the situation has changed and women have become the most innovative and inspiring entrepreneurs women entrepreneurship is a recent phenomenon that came into existence in 1970. But this concept became prominent in the year 1991 when the new industrial policy come into existence. This policy promotes globalization, liberalization, and privatization which greeted maximum self-employment opportunities for both men and women. Women's desire to be financially independent and the spread of education also encouraged women's entry into entrepreneurship. Earlier people used to look strangely at the woman who was running the STD booth or xerox center. But today the scenario has completely changed and we see women entrepreneurs in almost every type of industry in the manufacturing or services industry or any trading business. The reason behind this could also be the favorable response shown by women to the changing circumstances and the awareness among women about financial stability and independence. Government schemes and incentives are indeed the major factors affecting the increasing number of women entrepreneurs. Today the role of women in economic development cannot be denied but their contribution to economic development is very important there is still a lot of scope for the Development of Women Entrepreneurship women entrepreneurs need to be properly trained to acquired entrepreneurs skills and traits to meet the challenges in the changing global Scenario.
We have a long list of women entrepreneurs in India. The reasons for which their women have entered entrepreneurship can vary. Some would have entered to develop their family business, some of them would have entered to become financially independent. Some women have started ventures to get their families out of the financial crisis. As the reasons are varied, the problems faced by women entrepreneurs are also multifaceted. But despite the problems, women entrepreneurs are skilled risk bearers, innovators, and organizers. The rapidly expanding global scenario has brought about major changes in our economy. Competition in the environment is going to limit employment opportunities for self-employment and entrepreneurship development has to be extended to both male and female entrepreneurs without any gender discrimination. Thus entrepreneurship development will be a powerful tool in fighting the problems of unemployment.
Entrepreneurship is one of the major factors that contribute to the development of the nation people’s entrepreneurial spirit drives economic development. If the importance of women entrepreneurs is ignored, then the discussion of the importance of entrepreneurship will remain incomplete. Women entrepreneurs can be called new engines of growth or rising stars of economic growth of developing economics.
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Objective of study | 1. In todays time, women need to be encouraged in professional activities through the example of various womens entrepreneurship
2. Ensuring the participation of women in advancing the society
3. There is a need to emphasize womens empowerment through womens entrepreneurship so that atrocities against women can be reduced.
4. To enable women to face whatever challenges they face. |
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Review of Literature | Gurendra Nath Bhardwaj, Swati Parashar, Dr. Babita Pandey, and Puspamita Sahu in this study revealed the major hurdles that women face during starting and running a company generally come from financing and balancing life. The other hindering external factors include gender discrimination, inaccessibility to information, training opportunities, infrastructure, etc. Some internal factors like risk aversion by women, lack of confidence, lack of vision of the strategic leader, etc. can also create obstacles to women’s entrepreneurship development. This study suggested that government should set some priorities for women entrepreneurs for allocation of industrial plots, sheds, and other amenities, and precautionary measures should be undertaken to avoid the misuse of such facilities by the men in the name of the women. Singh and Surinder Pal, (2008) in this study identify the reasons and influencing factors behind the entry of women into entrepreneurship. He mentioned the obstacles in the growth of women’s entrepreneurship are mainly lack of interaction with successful entrepreneurs, social un-acceptance as women entrepreneurs, family responsibility, gender discrimination, missing network, and low priority given by bankers to provide loans to women entrepreneurs. He suggested remedial measures like promoting micro-enterprises, unlocking institutional framework, projecting and pulling to grow and support the winners, etc. |
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Main Text |
Women
Entrepreneurs- A
women entrepreneur is a woman or group of women who start, organize, and
operates a business enterprise for personal gain. The concept of women
entrepreneurs is related to concepts like women empowerment and emancipation.
Today we find women in different fields as compared to earlier days where the
activities of women were limited to domestic work only. Today we find women not
only in the papad, pickle, and powder business but also in the manufacturing
trading and services sector. No doubt the pace is slow but women are entering
the field of entrepreneurship and are making an impact.
Women
Entrepreneurs in India- In
the '70s and 90's the women in India were hardly engaged in any type of self.
Employment during this period women was attracted to various employment
opportunities in various banks, L.I.C teachings jobs, etc. They were also found
in less productive areas such as agriculture and domestic activities. A woman
engaging in entrepreneurial activities like medium and small enterprise was a
Distant thought. She was regarded as a housewife and the idea that a woman
could take up entrepreneurial activity was a joke. Till the 90's it was a
predominantly male-dominated area. After the implementation of the policy of
liberalization privatization and globalization women started responding to
changes in the environment and their entry into entrepreneurial activities was
seen. The process of computerization was also an aid to women on their way. The
beginning period market the existence of women in occupations related to
household products such as pickles and papads. But later the focus shifted to
entrepreneurial activities Related to small and medium enterprises related to
the manufacturing, trading, and services sector. The planning commission and
also the Government of India have recognized the need for women to participate
in the mainstream of economic growth. Women entrepreneurship is understood as
an effective strategy to solve both rural and urban poverty. The government of
India through different policies and programs is encouraging Indian women to
come forward and involve in Different entrepreneurial activities. The
integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP), training of Rural Youth for Self
employment. Development of women and children in Rural Areas, Entrepreneurship
Development Programs, Prime Minister Rojgar Yojna are a very few examples of
the Different programs undertaken by the Government of India and planning. Commission the Indian
Government has also extended subsidies, tax waiver schemes, and concessions for
women entrepreneurs. Efforts of Government, Banks, Non-Governmental
Organizations, and various other associations have encouraged women to initiate
and sustain entrepreneurial activities. They have also facilitated women's
empowerment. Women empowerment is considered essential to achieve the goals of
sustainable and inclusive development should be removed so that they can get
full participation in the business. It is not that easy to become an
entrepreneur from housewives although women have come a long way in this field,
the future is tough and demanding. Contribution
of Women Entrepreneurs- The role of women in the
economic development of the country cannot be denied. They have to be
encouraged and motivated to take an active part in any business activity. Women
also constitute a major part of the informal economy and the micro and small
enterprise sector in India. There is a need to increase the supply of women
entrepreneurs to accelerate economic growth women entrepreneurs play the role
of change-maker both in the family and also in the society and inspire other
members of the society to take up such activities. Women entrepreneurs are the
assets of the nation as they are engaged in some productive activities and also
great employment opportunities for others. This reduces poverty and reduces the
problem of unemployment. 1. An economy grows
rapidly if passive savings are invested in some productive activities. The idle
money is mobilized and invested in the industry thus making optimum use of the
national resources. This phenomenon of capital formation accelerated economic
development. 2. The exploitation of
opportunities to convert waste resources like land labor and capital into
national income and assets in the form of goods and services is the result of
increasing entrepreneurial activities. As a result per capita, income and not
the national product will increase. 3. Entrepreneurial activities
give rise to employment opportunities. Women entrepreneurs become job creators,
not job seekers, natural creating employment will accelerate economic growth. 4. The regional development of the nation is balanced as women mostly start their business activities in Rural and underdeveloped areas. The government also encourages entrepreneurs to start a business in these areas through various schemes and subsidies. |
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Analysis | Some
Challenges Faced by Women Entrepreneurship Women have to face various
problems both while entering into any entrepreneurial activity and continuing
their business. Undoubtedly make entrepreneurs also face challenges but being a
woman or womanhood has created some challenges which women have to face. 1. A woman mainly
has to look after the household chores. Most of the time his family
responsibilities are obstacles for him to conduct his entrepreneurial
activities. As a result of his responsibilities towards his children and old
members and family, he has little time left to engage, himself in any
professional activity. 2. In many families in India
girls/ women are prevented from attending schools and colleges for various
reasons family members stop their education at various levels before
graduation, so the question of the highest education does not arise. There is a
lack of combination of education vocational coerces and other coerces required
to start any entrepreneurial activity. 4. Women in any business are
not taken seriously. People around him feel that it is his hobby or some side
of his family's duties. Women's opinions and advice are not always such as
experts when compared to men's. this gender bias becomes a major obstacle for a
women entrepreneur. 2. Women are believed to be more afraid of taking risks and moving forward women are more comfortable in their safe zone. They are afraid to step out of their comfort zone. This fear can be the fear of failure, the fear of success, or the fear of being oneself. |
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Findings | Some Suggestions to Overcome the Challenges- There is no doubt that one has to come forward to start a venture. But it does require a little support in the early stages of settings up a business. 1. Finance cells should be opened so that women entrepreneurs can get finance and they can also get proper guidance regarding financial schemes available to them. 2. By organizing various awareness programs the negative social attitudes of the society can be changed and the women and the society can be educated about the fruits of women indulging in entrepreneurial activities. Women should also be made aware of the importance of education, and various vocational courses so that they can make up their minds to start an enterprise. 3.Women lack various skills like managerial skills, communication skills, and language. Various training programs can be developed so that women can take full advantage and can confidently engage themselves in any professional activity. | ||||||
Conclusion |
The above discussion shows that though women entrepreneurs are gotten recognition recently, they still have a long way to go. The transition from housewife to woman entrepreneur is not that easy and in some ways, it is difficult for a woman to be successful and sustain in her business he has to learn from his experiences, mold himself and overcome the challenges of his field. He has to make constructive use of his strengths to overcome threats and take advantage of all opportunities to minimize his weaknesses. This will surely be a mantra for him to grow and develop his business successfully. |
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References | 1. Araki Shanta V., Women Entrepreneurship in India, Abhinav Journal of Research in Arts and Education.
2. Vinesh, Role of women entrepreneurs in India; Global Journal of finance and management; ISSN 0975-6477.
3. Dr. G. Malyadri, Role of women entrepreneurs in the Economics Development of India; Indian Journal of Research Vol- 3; ISSN – 2250 – 1991.
4. http://www.Forbes.com
5. www.indianmba.com/faculty_column/Fc1073/Fc1073.html.
6. www.articlesbase.com
7. www.samachar.com
8. www.small.sidbi.in.
9. GurendraNathBhardwaj, Swati Parashar, Dr. BabitaPandey and PuspamitaSahu, ―Women Entrepreneurship in India: Opportunities Challenges‖.www.chimc.in/volume2.1/volume2issue1/gurendranathbhardwaj.pdf
10. Singh, Surinder Pal, (2008), ―An Insight Into The Emergence Of Women-owned Businesses as An Economic Force in India‖, presented at Special Conference of the Strategic Management Society, December 12-14, 2008, Indian School of Business, Hyderabad. |