For verification of this paper, please visit on http://www.socialresearchfoundation.com/shinkhlala.php#8

Yoga is a complete science of life that originated in India many thousands of years ago. It is the oldest system of personal development in the world, encompassing body, mind and spirit. The ancient yoga had a profound understanding of man’s essential nature and of what he needs to live in harmony with himself and his environment. The three Sanskrit words Prana, Pran and Pranayama come from the same Sanskrit root "pran" which represents the life force, the universal energy. These three concepts and the realities they represent from a continuum in which human beings are indissolubly linked to the divine source of cosmic energy.The science of breath is called in Sanskrit pranayama.The word pranayama is a compound word which consists of prana and yama. Prana means life-force, or the vital energy, or that force by which we have our life . Ayama means control, i.e. control of the breath. That is the literal meaning. The first expression of life- force or prana is in the motion of the lungs. If a child does not breath attar its birth for some time, we give up the hope of that child. The first expression of life would be the breath, and motion of the lungs produces the breath. It is the primary function, and all other functions of the heart, digestive organs, and others are secondary.

Dr. Mange Ram (2022): Studied that the effect of pranayama practice on sleep, tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and vital capacity. thirty male students studying bachelor degree in various departments of Govt. College Sampla, Rohtak. They were divided into two equal groups, each group consisted of fifteen subjects, in which group – I underwent pranayama practices and group – II acted as control group who did not participate in any special training. The training period for this study was six days in a week for six weeks. The selected criterion variables such as, tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and vital capacity were assessed by using the wet spirometer. The effect on sleep was observed based on the interviews with the participants.Prior to and after the training period the subjects were tested for tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and vital capacity and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied as statistical tool.He concluded after the pranayama practices, that training group have significantly increased the level of tidal volume (inspiratory reserve volume and vital capacity (p>0.05) and pranayama should be continued with increased level to strengthen the lung muscles and to get desired results also the control group had sound sleep and better relaxation when compared with the other group. Zahoor Ul Gani, Dr. P. Karthikeyan (2017):Examined the effect of different intensity aerobic exercise on selected biomotorperformance of university football players. There was a significant improvement on selected biomotor variable such as speed for moderate aerobicintensity training group and high aerobic intensity training group as compared to control group.There was a significant improvement on grip strength for experimental groups as compared to control group.There was a significant difference between Moderate intensity aerobic training programme group, High intensityaerobic training programme and control group on speed and strength of football.They found that the study revealed that there was a significant improvement on selected biomotor variables such as speed and strength formoderate aerobic intensity training group and high aerobic intensity training group as compared to control group amonguniversity men football players. Vijay Kumar B. A, Sachin Gudge, Mahesh Patil, Satish Mudbi, Siddeshwar Patil (2014): Examined that the effect of Bhastrika and Anulom Vilom Pranayam and Yogasana on heart rate variability, general well- being, and cognition and anxiety level of the medical students. They found that the highly significant increase in-high frequency (HF) components of heart rate variability and decrease in low frequency (LF) components and LF/ HF in the group practicing pranayam. There was also highly significant improvement of cognition, general well-being and anxiety as shown by the PGI memory scale, Hamilton-anxiety scale and psychological general well-being schedule score in this group. In yogasana group no significant changes were observed in the heart rate variability, cognition and anxiety although psychological general well-being schedule score significantly improved after six weeks of practice of yogasana.The study also shows that practice of slow breathing type of pranayam for six weeks improves cognition, anxiety and general well-being and increases the parasympathetic activity. Whereas there was no effect of the yogasana on the above parameters except improvements in the general well-being.

The purpose of the study was to comparison of selected physiological parameters between pranayama practiced and non- pranayama practiced women. To achieve this purpose of the study only sixty women students were selected from the Gargi Girls School, Mawana Road, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh were selected. Among them thirty pranayama practiced and thirty non- pranayama practiced women were selected as subjects respectively. The following variables namely resting pulse rate and breath holding time were selected as criterion variables. The data were collected from pranayama practiced and non- pranayama practiced women on resting pulse rate and breath holding time by taking radial pulse and holding the breath for time respectively. The independent "t" ratio was used to analyze the significant difference if any between groups. The .05 level of confidence was fixed as the level of significance which was considered as an appropriate.

The mean, standard deviation and “t” ratio values on resting pulse rate of pranayama practiced and non - pranayama practiced women have been analyzed and presented in table I.

Table-I

The Mean, Standard Deviation and "t" Ratio Values Between Pranayama Practiced and Non -Pranayama Practiced on Resting Pulse Rate 

Groups	Mean	Standard Deviation	‘t’ ratio value
Pranayama Practiced women	68.11	2.45	2.89*
Non – Pranayama Practiced women	72.04	2.01

* Significant at .05 level of confidence.

(The table value required for significance at .05 level of confidence with df 58 was 2.002).

Figure-1

Figure-2

The table I show that the mean values on resting pulse rate for pranayama practiced and non – pranayama practiced women were 68.11 and 72.04 respectively. The obtained "t" ratio value on resting pulse rate 2.89 which was greater than the table value required for significance with df 58 was 2.002. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference between pranayama practiced and non – pranayama practiced women on resting pulse rate. The mean, standard deviation and “t” ratio values on breath holding time of pranayama practiced and non - pranayama practiced women have been analyzed and presented in table I.

Table -Ii

The Mean, Standard Deviation and "t" Ratio Values Between Pranayama Practiced and Non -Pranayama Practiced On Breath Holding Time

Groups	Mean	Standard Deviation	‘t’ ratio value
Pranayama Practiced women	50.02	1.88	3.01*
Non – Pranayama Practiced women	42.81	2.11

* Significant at .05 level of confidence.

(The table value required for significance at .05 level of confidence with df 58 was 2.002).

       

Figure-3

   

Figure-4

The table I show that the mean values on breath holding time for pranayama practiced and non – pranayama practiced were 50.02 and 42.81 respectively. The obtained ‘t’ ratio value on breath holding time 3.01 which was greater than the table value required for significance with df 58 was 2.002. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference between pranayama practiced and non – pranayama practiced women on breath holding time.

1. Yogacharya Janakiraman, Carolina Rosso Cicogna. Solar Yoga, (New Delhi: Allied Publishers Ltd., 1989, 54. 2. Swami Abhedananda, Yoga Psychology, (Calcutta: Ramakrishna Vedanta math, 1999), p.54. 3. Zahoor Ul Gani,Dr. P. Karthikeyan, International Journal of Physical Education and Sports,Effects of different intensity aerobic exercise training programme onselected bio-motor performance of university men football players page no 46-49,2017 4.Dr. Mange Ram,Effects of pranayama on sleep behaviour, respiratory volumes and capacities,International Journal of Physiology, Nutrition and Physical Education 2022; 7(1): 402-404. 5. Vijay Kumar B. A, Sachin Gudge, Mahesh Patil, Satish Mudbi, Siddeshwar Patil,EFFECTS OF PRACTICE OF PRANAYAMA ON CONTROL OF LIFE STYLE DISORDERS. Journal of Evolution of Med and Dent Science, 2014 page no 8713-8718. 6. www.curewithyoga.com 7. www.indovacations.net 8. www.yogapoint.com 9. www.intentblog.com 10. www.pranayoga.be 11. www.yogajournal.com 12. www.webindia123.com 13. www.phyedusports.in 14. www.journalofsports.com