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The way a human takes nutritious and balanced food to keep his body healthy. Similarly, to keep mental health healthy, one also acquires knowledge, which is also very necessary. Knowledge cannot be acquired without making the mind dynamic. Just as one has to go to school and take refuge of a guru to attain knowledge. Similarly, to acquire knowledge, one has to take the help of the library. In today's changing era, everything is taking the form of modernization, modernization is the process of bringing a change. Which means - is based on science and technology, due to modernization, along with the process of society, there is a change in educational development so that the level of education of the common man can be raised. Modernization means mobility. It is such a process due to which a person acquires new knowledge and on the basis of it changes his way of life and thinking. This modernization has also changed our daily routine. In this process of modernization, electronic resources and digital objects are traditionally replacing library collections. New technological resources are being adopted in library services like electromagnetic, rfid etc. A library network is formed, through this library structure, resources are shared. Digital library is the latest important development in the field of library and information science. Libraries are gaining momentum through open access in the digital age. Modernization of libraries in the digital age has created new problems for lis professionals. Keeping pace with these changes in libraries, the curriculum of library and information science at undergraduate, postgraduate and m.phil level has changed to a great extent. In this changing library environment, the library tries a lot to help the students, teachers, researchers, professionals to keep updated. Modernized libraries are making very good use of latest information communication technology. It is through education in library and information science that qualified and skilled workers are prepared to manage and operate libraries. Library science comes under the category of technical subjects and is a service-related profession. It uses the principles and tools of management, information technology, pedagogy and other disciplines in the context of the library. Continuous increase in the number of books and other essential materials. For this reason it is necessary to pay attention to this fact at the time of its installation. It is a broad subject based on the theoretical and practical study of history, organisation, management of transmission units, various technologies, services, their duties towards society and general activities. Its size, type and extent varies with the subject and information world. Therefore, along with the various techniques and techniques of library in the education of library science, adequate knowledge and information is also provided about the various services related to the library. The role of libraries has always been very important in human life, in today's changing era, the library has made a special identity with its e-library, e-library means in such a digital form in which we can sit at home through mobile or computer internet. Obtain information and study materials. E-library contains a huge collection of books which can be read free of cost or can also be downloaded.

This paper reviews what a library is and how it has changed with modernization and the contribution of e-library to the usefulness of different types of libraries, it can be helpful is to understand user opinion, attitude, satisfaction and service. This review current literature on digitization in libraries considering various aspects such as selection, acquisition, conversion, storage, long-term access preparation and challenges to management through literature review. (https://www.libraryscience.in/2020/03/ranganathan.html) Dr. S. R. Ranganathan's life has been highlighted but some important facts of his life have not been included in this article on various forms of libraries. Have to discuss. Putting emphasis on modernization, he wrote in his paper Bhattacharya (1997) this comprehensive paper on the breadth of information and technology will give the user the benefits of modern technologies, relevant, up-to-date and timely information for a wide range of users in the era of modernization and the endless responsibility of libraries. Collection will be able to develop, preserve, recover. The Hindu online edition of india's national newspaper Sunday, February 05, 2006 reported that. Through the program, students were exposed to lakhs of e-books and e-magazines INFLIBNET approx. Digitization of libraries in universities is costing 100 crores, Mr Murthy said INFLIBNET has also set up a new e-journal consortium, and presently 6,000 e-journals are available in the consortium. This initiative will help in bridging the digital divide in universities and colleges. Singh (2012) portrays cultural heritage as a symbolic presence integrating history, examines the traditions and culture of a country and the feasibility of preserving india's cultural heritage resources in a digital world to make it globally accessible. Digital library modernization is gaining momentum and has led to the emergence of many open-source digital library software, which have proved to be a milestone in the development of libraries, requiring a universal standard for digital library software. Making software conform to a universal standard also means compromising and understanding local requirements. No matter how generic the software is, the suitability of digital library software for the specific needs of a digital library project will vary from software to software. Raman (2005) gives a brief description of the forms and places of availability of these manuscripts, the largest and ancient manuscript collections of india. He also described some indigenous methods of preserving palm leaf manuscripts and highlighted the important benefits of digital conservation in dissemination of information, manuscript collection of NLI and process of digitization of manuscripts at NLI.

Glance in history of the library

A library is a place where a wide variety of knowledge, information, sources, services, etc. Resides. The English word library this word library is derived from the latin word 'liver', which means book, the historiography of the library is related to the methods and systems of preserving the nature of books and documents. The history of the library began with the first attempts to organize a collection of documents. The history of the national library began in 1836 with the formation of the Calcutta public library, which was a non-governmental organization and was run on a proprietary basis. Libraries in Uttar Pradesh are a storehouse of vast knowledge base and exist with a world of intriguing facts, historical scenarios, enriching socio-cultural aspects and other stuff. The unique collection of many rare manuscripts, books and other important artifacts of indian history have been carefully preserved in the libraries of Uttar Pradesh. The development of libraries in modern india has been very slow. Our country was independent and no attention was paid to education and libraries due to foreign rule. Due to this the library movement was not national in nature and neither did this movement get any legal aid. The contribution of the state of Baroda has been commendable in this direction. Here in 1910 ad the library movement was started. A library department was opened in the state and libraries were divided into four categories – district library, tehsil library, city library, and village library etc. Their trap was spread all over the state. The first mobile library in india was also established in the state of Baroda.

The credit of revolutionizing library science goes to Dr. S. R. Ranganathanis, which had a worldwide impact on library science, Dr. S. R. Ranganathanis called the father of indian library science.

A brief introduction of Dr. S. R. Ranganathan

Dr. A. R. Ranganathan

Full name: Shiyali Ramamrit Ranganathan

Born: 12 august 1892, Tamil Nadu 

Died: 27 september 1972, bangalore

Education: Madras Christians college, university college london

Parents: Ramamrita Iyer, Seethalakshmi

Occupation: Writer, Academic, Mathematician, Librarian

Nationality: Indian

Genre: library science, documentation, informatics

Award - Padma Shri in 1957

Contribution of Dr. S R Ranganathan in library service

Before 1924, in india, library business, clerical work and keeping books and articles like books in homes were considered only business. It was in the year 1924 when Dr. S. R. Ranganathan arrived on the library scene of India, he was the first university librarian who was appointed in madras university. During the first 25 years of his life, he transformed the bibliographical scene in India by engrossing himself in solo research and organizing team research during the remaining 25 years. During the 48 years of his library business, he played a great role in the advancement of the library business in India. Congratulating the first president of India, Dr. Rajendra prasad, on the occasion of Dr. S. R. Ranganathan's 71st birth anniversary, he wrote, "Dr. S. R. Ranganathan not only organized the madras university library and made himself famous as an original thinker, but the entire he was a seeker in creating library consciousness in the country. It is the result of his work and education during the last 40 years that library science and library business in india could get proper reputation. Dr. S. R. Ranganathan worked with great creative zeal. He developed his own ideas. He repeatedly wrote books and research papers. He drafted the people's library bills and encouraged and supported national and international activities. The five laws of library were present by Ranganathan in 1928.

Is as follows: -

1. Books are for use

2. Every reader his/ her book

3. Every book its reader

4. Save the time of reader

5. Library is a growing origination

Due to which a new dimension of library service appeared. Ranganathan's contribution to library science was in almost all fields. He had principles of classification, library catalogue, management and indexing. His colon classification (cc: colon classification - 1933 ad) started a system that is widely used around the world. This method influenced the development of older methods such as the dewey decimal classification. In 1934, the classified cataloging code (ccc: classified cataloguing code) was published, he developed the technique of 'chain indexing' for indexing entries. His five laws of library science (1931) was widely accepted as the ideal and decisive statement of library service. He prepared plans for national and several state level library systems. Following are the various personal characteristics by which Dr. S. R. Ranganathan encouraged the library business in india, such as: breeder writer, taxonomist and taxonomist, cataloguer, organizer, teacher-teacher-guru, donor, chairman, speaker, advisor, member, scribe, etc.

Ranganathan was appointed the first librarian of the university of madras in 1924, and to qualify for the position, he went to England to study at the university college, London. In madras since 1925. He started this work diligently and remained in this position till 1944. During 1945–47 he worked as a librarian and professor of library science at the Banaras (present-day Varanasi) Hindu university. During 1947-54 he taught at the university of Delhi. During 1954-57 he was engaged in research and writing in Zurich, Switzerland. He then returned to india and was a visiting professor at Vikram university. Ujjain till 1959. In 1962, he established the documentation research and training center in Bangalore and became its head and remained associated with it for life. In 1957, the government of india honoured him with the title of Padma shri. Librarian's day is celebrated on his birthday, 12 august.

Different types of libraries and modernization

Different libraries have different scope and purpose and they take different forms to fulfil their purpose. On the basis of this, many distinctions are made such as- national library, public library, commercial library, government library, medical library and university and educational institutions libraries etc.

National library

The library whose purpose is to serve the entire nation is called a national library. They’re reading material is compiled according to the needs of all types of readers. According to ranganathan, "the library whose responsibility is to collect and preserve the written works of the country for the use of the public", is the national library.

In addition, the national library has the following duties:

1. Responsibility to publish the national bibliography.

2. To store a federal list of libraries affiliated to this library.

3. To make complete arrangement of reference service in libraries and to facilitate international exchange of books.

4. Coordinating with the work of international bibliography and keeping important information in this regard.

5. To prepare a list of important reference centers established all over the nation.

According to the famous indian scholar  Dr. S. R. Ranganathan, the protection of the cultural study material of the country is the main task of the national library. At the same time, to provide equal facilities to every citizen of the country to acquire knowledge and through various activities to help in the education of the people, to fill such a feeling that people can use the natural resources of the country. It is certain that if the mind of every person in the country is not creative, then the all-round development of the nation will not be possible at a rapid pace. One of the functions of the national library is to preserve the printed heritage. For generations to come. The library has separate departments for physical, chemical, reprographic and digital protection. Rare and brittle books and other documents being scanned and stored on compact discs are english books and documents published before 1900 and indian publications before 1920 digitization was considered. So far 6,600 books in indian and english languages ​​have been scanned with more than 25,000,000 pages in total. National digital library (http://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in) it is a pilot project launched by the ministry of human resource development in may, 2016 under its national mission on education through information and communication technology (nmiect) and implemented by IIT Kharagpur. It currently hosts 18,907,705 items with over 1,200,000 subscriptions.

Public library

The development of modern public libraries is indeed a great gift of democracy. It is the duty of every nation to broadcast education and educate the general public. Those who do not study in schools or colleges, who are simply educated, public libraries can fulfil the demand of books of the general public keeping in mind the interest of such classes, doing their private business or those who have a desire to read and cannot buy books and want to read literature of their interest. Apart from this, public libraries also arrange for exhibitions, debates, educational film performances, speeches on important subjects, etc. International organizations like UNESCO have made a significant contribution in this direction. In every progressive country, public libraries are making steady progress and spreading literacy. In fact, public libraries are public universities, open for the use of every citizen without any discrimination.

Research library

The organization is called that which helps and guides such people who are working in developing the boundaries of knowledge. There are different branches of knowledge and their fulfilment can be possible only from different types of collections, for example, for writing research articles on any subject related to agriculture, the library of an agricultural university or an institution related to agricultural activities will prove more useful. The working of such libraries is different from other libraries. It is necessary for the personnel working here to be very skilled and expert in their subject, otherwise, proper guidance will not be available to the researchers. From the point of view of collection also, the material should be selected very carefully hereto answer the reference questions immediately, the library should have special components and maintain them in such a way that the necessary information is accessible in a short time. Various types of reports and files of major journals, bibliographies, encyclopaedias, encyclopaedias and periodicals related to the subject should be stored.

Commercial library

The purpose of these libraries is to serve a particular business organization or its employees. According to them, special reading material is collected in these libraries, such as business-related directories, business magazines, timetables, important government publications, maps, business related texts and references, legal literature etc.

Government library

Although the government gives financial assistance to many libraries, but the libraries whose entire expenditure is borne by the government are called government libraries, such as national libraries, departmental libraries, libraries of various ministries, provincial libraries. The libraries of parliament and legislative buildings also come under the category of government libraries.

Medical library

These libraries are attached to any medical institution, school, research center or hospital. The collection of medical related books remains in them and their form is not limited to the public but only to the service of the special class.

Libraries of educational institutions

Libraries of educational institutions can be divided into such as university libraries, school libraries, secondary school libraries, basic school libraries and laboratories, research institutions and private libraries of research institutions, etc. It is almost mandatory to have a huge library with every university. Libraries have not yet developed in basic schools and junior high schools, but all-round development of libraries in secondary schools and schools is taking place. Apart from this, there are many other distinctions of libraries such as sound library, which contains collection of gramophone records and films etc., law library, newspaper library, prison library, library of the blind, music library, children's library and mobile library etc.

Army library

These libraries are of a special type and from the point of view of collection, their form is often different from other libraries. During the first world war, attention was paid to the need for such libraries and during the second world war, the allies established many libraries to facilitate reading and reading for the army officers. In the united states alone, there are 1600 libraries for the navy, in which the latest material is collected for the use of the navy. These libraries have been established along with many ships and military cantonments. Similarly, there are many libraries of air force and land army in many countries of the world. The American pentagon has a huge military library. India has huge libraries of the ministry of defiance, the army head office and the defiance science organization.

Mobile library

The term mobile library is mainly used by British/Australian librarians. It is used by him for a motorized vehicle carrying library material. Other countries know them by different names such as bookmobile, bibliobus, butcherbus etc. The term mobile library is used in a broader sense. For example, any library service that does not reside in one location can be classified as a mobile library. Mobile library services are essential to the public library service and are seen as an integral part of it. When planning library services to meet the needs of the community, mobile library services are considered at the beginning of the planning process as a viable and cost-effective means to serve.

Avery reader does not access to the general library, whereas this service is made accessible to the general public through the mobile library. Mobile library services are provided to equalize the opportunity of access to library services to every single citizen as far as possible. So that more and more people can be attracted towards the book and books can be reached to them. Mobile library helps rural residents to make them aware of books and libraries.

Modernization of libraries

Modern libraries make full use of the new principles and process of library science. On the basis of which it can be said that in the changed environment of today's libraries, library science is involved in all those activities in which - document information collection, information processing, and communication to the target user, information discovery and evaluation through information technology-based media. Application of technology use of necessary equipment according to the library system, system analysis and design, creation of database through suitable software, storage of information on electronic media, access of union catalogs through library network, information access and search through internet, books from external libraries use of library network for receipt, exchange of digital information instead of printed, collection and management of information based on the internet, compilation and management of information based on the internet, evaluation and updating of the collection of information received, e-mail, continuous use of dialogue forum, digital library, library group, web site creation and continuous updating, content management, library and information marketing of services, dissemination of information literacy, identification of information needs of user groups, creation, collection, organization, retrieval and dissemination of information are particularly noteworthy. In the changed environment, there is a need to re-evaluate the education of library science being provided by various universities on the basis of research, so that the manpower working in the field of library and information can be fully enabled and they can perform efficiently with efficiency. Able to perform tasks. Library science should be active in the same direction which is required in today's context.

Modernization of Libraries is a library in which data is stored in digital and electronic format and this data can be accessed by computer or any electronic device. Digital libraries store various types of social and organizational useful information and knowledge of people in multimedia data using information management methods. The Digital Library is also called the National Digital Library (NDL). It was launched by Union Human Resource Minister Prakash Ambedkar on 19 June 2018. It has been developed by IIT Khadakpur. Data in a digital library is stored in a digital format (as opposed to print, microform or any other media). Digital library was first used in 1994 by NSF, DARPA, NASA Digital Library Initiative.

Digital library

The use of computers not only raises the standard of library service; rather, it also relieves the library staff from repetitive tasks. Access and use of computers in libraries has helped in controlling the flood of information and providing the right information to the right reader at the right time. Therefore, today's libraries have only two paths: either make the computer your friend, or be prepared to make the readers your enemy, advantages of digital libraries such as no physical limits, people can access information 24 hours a day, allows multiple access to a single information source, making it easy to search for information by keyword, preserving and protecting data, digitizing writing in books or other printed reading sources, and making the information more easily accessed by digital libraries. Traditional libraries are limited by storage space; digital libraries have the potential to store a great deal of information, simply because little physical space is required to hold digital information. As such, the cost of maintaining a digital library is much less than that of a traditional library. These traditional libraries would cost huge sums of money for staff, book maintenance, rent and extra books. Digital libraries do away with these charges. Some of the features of a digital library are, which makes them different from the traditional library. It has a comprehensive and precise search system with a large amount of text, image and audio-video resources. Digital libraries do not require physical space to create a collection and can be accessed from anywhere, at any time. User can access his/her information on his/her computer screen by using internet. In fact it is a network of multimedia systems, which provides access to the fingers. Following are some of the major advantages of digital libraries. No physical limits. The user does not need to physically visit the libraries after joining the digital library; as long as an internet connection is available, information can be accessed from anywhere in the world.  Round the clock availability. People can gain access to the information at any time, night or day. Multiple simultaneous users can access the same resource at the same time. Structured approach. Digital library gives users easy access to rich content. Libraries in the pre-digital age had to worry about climate control and acidification of books, but preserving digital information will mean constantly coming up with new technological solutions. Space. While traditional libraries are limited by storage space, digital libraries have the potential to store a great deal of information, simply because little physical space is required to hold digital information.  When there is no room for expansion in the library, digitization is the only solution. Digital library it is a special networking connected which connects other digital libraries with a link so that any other resources can be provided very easily ; after which a seamless unified resource sharing can be achieved. If we talk about the cost, then the cost of maintaining a digital library is less than that of a traditional library. A traditional library has to spend large sums of money for staff, maintenance of books, rent and extra books. Although these fees are very low in digital libraries, it has been learned that digital libraries cannot be less expensive in their own way of operation. Digital library can and incur huge cost to convert print material into digital format, for which to maintain the technical skills of the employees, and for the cost of maintaining online access (i.e. Servers, bandwidth costs, etc.). With all, information in a digital library should be frequent "migrated" to the latest digital media every few years. This process can be huge cost in hardware and skilled personnel.

The advantages and disadvantages of digital libraries are discussed below.

1. Preserve rare and special collections of valuable documents, libraries, archives and museums.

2. Protected information sources.

3. Facility of downloading and printing.

3. Help to locate both physical and digital versions of scholarly articles

4. And books through a single interface.

5. Search optimization, search side-by-side. The internet makes this possible, creating commercial databases and library collections.

6. The user can use them immediately.

7. Reference to other documents.

8. Shortening the chain from author to user.

9. Save preparation/preservation cost, space and money.

10. Digital technology provides multiple, simultaneous users of a single origin that is not possible for content stored in any other form.

11. Full text search.

Disadvantages

New technology has brought many advantages for modernization library, but simultaneously it also has certain disadvantage

1. Very costly affair.

2. Technology obsolescence (hardware & software).

3. Storage media relate.

4. Dominance of data creators and publishers.

5. Trained manpower.

6. User education and training.

7. Security against hacking & sabotage.

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