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| Chemical Analysis Regarding Paon Dhoi River (Heart line of Saharanpur District ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Paper Id :
16914 Submission Date :
03/01/2023 Acceptance Date :
14/01/2023 Publication Date :
18/01/2023
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| Abstract | Water quality of pawan dhoi river was done in a broad spectrum . Ten water samples are collected from different locations of the river present study include physico chemical analysis of such samples . The main parameters determined in this study are p.H value , electrical conductivity , total dissolved salts , dissolved oxygen , total alkalinity, total hardness and different cationic (Na+ , K+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ ) and anionic (Co32- , HCO3- , Cl-, PO43-) concentrations . such physico – chemical parameters clearly indicate that the water of above said river is highly polluted and very much dangerous for living systems . This water is not suitable even for irrigation and other purposes. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Keywords | Heart line, Saharanpur, Water pollution, Physico- chemical parameters, ion concentration, irrigation, Shivalik. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Introduction |
River which flow through the inner areas of Saharanpur city. It also touches some villages of this district . The river orginates from Shivalik hills and reaches to plains of Saharanpur district . Different attempts were made from social organisations and government authorities to make this river clean but none of them provided fruitful results
The survey of literature clearly indicates that a very small amount of work is done in this regard therefore a systematic work is done in this regard, so that the water of this river can be made clean and may be used for irrigation and other purposes. |
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| Aim of study | To do physico - chemical and ionic concentration analysis of Paon Dhoi river in saharanpur district. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Review of Literature |
Sarkar et al., (2022) concentrated on OCP (organochlorine pesticide) contaminants observed inside the water and picked Pisces samples included species of minor carp (Cirrhinus reba) and catfish gathered throughout sampling of experiment of the wetlands and Gerua Stream those are affiliated, that is one of the essential Basin Ganga tributaries flowing along the boundary of India
Singh et al., (2022) examined the presence of PAHs, their sources, and their hazardous impact in India's digital environment, with a focus on analytical methodologies, by reviewing twenty years of scientific research. . On the basis of their rigorous analysis, they have identified substantial research shortages and proposed suggestions for further investigation.
Satyanarayana et al., (2022) assessed methods for assessing and safeguarding the natural environment from the harmful effects of many organic contaminants originating from industrial pollution and those produced while harvesting. Environmental safety has been more concerned with the potential problems associated with the discharge of PhAcs (pharmaceuticals), PAHs, and pesticides, and PCPs (personal care products). Screening aids in the regulation of ecological and chemicals status conformance to protect particular uses of water, such as the extraction of drinkable water.
The research by Singh and Katiyar (2020) includes assessments to track the pertinent physio-chemical and biological pollution markers in the water system of evaluation of the system's polluted states, choice, and estimation of the system's capacity to absorb the current pollution load. The EC, pH, temperature, total hardness, alkalinity, and calcium hardness were all found to be within the allowable range, according to the findings on the physiochemical characteristics
Singh et al., (2018) conducted an analysis of records obtained from the CPCB of India, which continually tracks several quality metrics of water throughout the season at periodic intervalsAccording to the association matrix study, the density of the city is favourably connected with BOD, conductivity, Faecal Coliform, Nitrate + Nitrite, and TCL while inversely correlated with height, DO and temperature.
According to Kundan et al., (2017), using microbes that break down hydrocarbons in bioremediation applications is a potential strategy for hastening the cleanup of contaminated soils. An affordable and eco-friendly alternative to hazardous burning and chemical treatments for ecological remediation is the employment of microbes to speed up the natural detoxifying activities of toxins in the soil.
Chaurasia et al., (2013) understand the origins of soluble ions and to analyse the chemical quality of the groundwater encouraging crop yields and human health standard, they collected randomly Twelve samples of groundwater from bore wells and dug wells spanning the whole region. It has been shown that excessive groundwater extraction has negatively impacted both the quantity and quality of freshwater. With the exception of one sample (sample no. 12), the majority of samples of groundwater may be used for irrigation. Even though the lower river Varuna basin's groundwater is generally of excellent enough quality to be used for irrigation, 41percent of the samples had NO3- levels that above the all
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| Methodology | In the present study covers a long distance of about 100 kms from the origin of this river. Water samples were collected from 10 different locations of this river such samples were collected in well cleaned reagent bottles and stored in ice boxes at freezing temperature . All chemicals used in physico – chemical studies were analytical grade chemicals p.H. value, electrical conductivity , total alkalinity, total dissolved salts, dissolved oxygen , hardness and concentration of different metals cations like Na+ , K+ , Ca2+ , and Mg2+ along with anions like CO32- , HCO3- , Cl- and PO43- were determined by usual methods among such studies p.H. value , electrical conductivity , total dissolved salts and dissolved oxygen were determined on the spot . While other parameters were determined with in 24 hours of sampling. |
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| Analysis | Physico – chemical parameters (Table – 1 ) Urban area
Rural area
Ionic concentration in ppm (Table 2 ) Urban ara Urban area
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| Findings | physico - chemical and ionic concentration analysis. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conclusion | The values of all determined physico- chemical parameters have been summarized in table 1. While the concentration values of Na+ , K+, Ca2+ andMg2 metal cations and CO32-, HCO3- , Cl- , PO43-anions have been summarized in table 2 p.H. values of these samples ranged from 7.5 to 8.6 in urban and 7.1 to 8.0 in rural area river water except . electrical conductivity values clearly indicates disposal of domestic sewage and water coming to river from ganda drains etc were untreated . All samples were highly turbid due to the presence of colloidal impurities Dissolved oxygen is also an important factor which indicate the extent of domestic and industrial pollution in a water body . D.O. ranged from 5.2 to 6.6 in urban and 7.2 to 9.0 in rural areas . Total hardness (T.H ) was found in large amount in all samples ranged from 329 to 470 ppm in urban and 129 to 188 in rural area . The concentration of sodium on an average was comparatively high ranged from 18 to 35 ppm in urban and 32 to 54 ppm in rural . potassium concentration was comparitevely ranged from 1.5 to 2.3 ppm in urban and 2.4 to 3.2 in rural areas . calcium content was extraordinary high ranged from 14 to 23 ppm in urban and 22 to 42 ppm in rural area river water . Magnesium content was comparatively low ranged from 16 to 29 ppm in urban and 31 to 52 ppm in rural area river water Thus on the basis of above data high sodium content may cause salinity problems and render the soil barran . | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| References | 1 Sarkar, S. K., Binelli, A., Chatterjee, M., Bhattacharya, B. D., Parolini, M., Riva, C., & Jonathan, M. P. (2012). Distribution and ecosystem risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in core sediments of Sundarban mangrove wetland, India. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, 32(1), 1-26..
2 Singh, D. K., & Gupta, T. (2016). Effect through inhalation on human health of PM1 bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons collected from foggy days in northern part of India. Journal of hazardous materials, 306, 257-268..
3 Satyanarayana, G. N. V., Kumar, A., Pandey, A. K., Sharma, M. T., Natesan, M., & Mudiam, M. K. R. (2022). Evaluating chemicals of emerging concern in the Ganga River at the two major cities Prayagraj and Varanasi through validated analytical approaches. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-20.
4 Singh, K., & Katiyar, M. (2020). Microbial components and physio-chemical parameters of river Ganga, Prayagraj and Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Int. J, 2, 69-78.
5 Singh, D., Singh, B. B., & Kumar, Y. (2018). Spatio-temporal variability of physico-chemical and biological water quality parameters of river ganges in six cities situated on Indo-Gangetic plain transect. Am J Water Resour, 6(6), 235-245..
6 Kundan, R., Raghuvanshi, S., Bhatt, A., Bhatt, M., & Agrawal, P. K. (2017). Toluene degrading bacteria from the rhizosphere of Solanum melongena contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(4), 2060-79..
7 Chaurasia, J., Rai, P. K., & Singh, A. K. (2013). Physico-chemical status of groundwater near Varuna river in Varanasi city, India. International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3(6), 2114.
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