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In India dairy has been regarded as an instrument of social and economic development as the most of the country’s milk supply comes from the millions of small and weaker section farmer’s families, who are mostly dispersed in the rural areas of the country. All these farmers maintain an average herd of one to three milch animals, mostly comprises cows and buffalos. High cost of agro-inputs and sample labour requirement in agriculture has encouraged these farmers to practice dairying as subsidiary to agriculture in India because of its year-round income and economic incentives for the farming families. At present the Indian dairy industry has achieved the strength of a producer-owned and professionally-managed cooperative system, despite the facts that a majority of dairy farmers are illiterate and run small, marginal operations and for many farmers, selling milk is their sole source of income. The importance of dairying in a country like India hardly needs emphasizing. India has vast resources of livestock, which play an important role in the national economy and also in the Socio-economic development of millions of rural households. India has one of the largest stocks of cattle and buffaloes: more than 50 percent of the world's buffaloes and 20 percent of its cattle. The Indian dairy sector contributes about 26 percent of the agricultural in GDP. Livestock plays an important role in socio-economic life of India. It is a rich source of high quality foods such as milk, meat and eggs. With large human population and economically strong potential consumers the demand for food products is increasing rapidly. Today, the livestock sector, contribution to agriculture in GDP is around 25-28 percent. Dairy sector contribution is around 65-70% to livestock sector. We have less than 1000 milk processing centers in India. The goals of the 11th five year plan for the livestock sector are expected to achieve an overall growth between 6 to 7 percent per annum for the sector as a whole and the milk production growth is estimated to 5 percent per annum from 100 million tons from 2008 to 208 million tons in 2021-22. Animal breeding is good achievement and suitable for weaker farmers’ families, provide to new breeds as goats, cows, sheep, buffaloes etc., animals health care, milk marketing facilities, artificial insemination adopted new improved practices and methods, so dairy sector day by day progresses to achieved to goal. Animal husbandry and dairy enterprise play very important role in national socio-economic development for weaker section farmers’ families. Dairy is not only increase the milk but also to provide sufficient employment in rural & urban area and covered the weaker section families. To increase the income level of rural families, specially small and marginal farmers by the dairy enterprise. The various programs started by state government as Kamdhenu, Mini Kamdhenu, Micro Kamdhenu Dairy and Self Employment Programs through dairy in Uttar Pradesh. Various studies has observed that marginal and small farmers economic suited and local situation of field level and several agro climatic reason and improved the dairy farming practice. Marginal and small farmers income increasing while dairy enterprises and livestock improvement a lot of research studies after conducted so far are scattered and have covered one expect or the other. Various programs has launched by Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Veterinary University, Mathura for development of dairy such as Gokul Gram Mission, Kamdhenu Dairy, Animal Welfare & Clinical Camp and Imparting Scientific Knowledge of Animal Rearing for Better Production through Technology Transfer to Livestock Owner.

The importance of dairying in a country like India hardly needs emphasizing. India has vast resources of livestock, which play an important role in the national economy and also in the Socio-economic development of millions of rural households. India has one of the largest stocks of cattle and buffaloes: more than 50 percent of the world's buffaloes and 20 percent of its cattle. The Indian dairy sector contributes about 26 percent of the agricultural in GDP. Livestock plays an important role in socio-economic life of India. It is a rich source of high quality foods such as milk, meat and eggs. With large human population and economically strong potential consumers the demand for food products is increasing rapidly. Today, the livestock sector, contribution to agriculture in GDP is around 25-28 percent. Dairy sector contribution is around 65-70% to livestock sector. We have less than 1000 milk processing centers in India. The goals of the 11th five year plan for the livestock sector are expected to achieve an overall growth between 6 to 7 percent per annum for the sector as a whole and the milk production growth is estimated to 5 percent per annum from 100 million tons from 2008 to 208 million tons in 2021-22. Animal breeding is good achievement and suitable for weaker farmers’ families, provide to new breeds as goats, cows, sheep, buffaloes etc., animals health care, milk marketing facilities, artificial insemination adopted new improved practices and methods, so dairy sector day by day progresses to achieved to goal. Animal husbandry and dairy enterprise play very important role in national socio-economic development for weaker section farmers’ families. Dairy is not only increase the milk but also to provide sufficient employment in rural & urban area and covered the weaker section families. To increase the income level of rural families, specially small and marginal farmers by the dairy enterprise. The various programs started by state government as Kamdhenu, Mini Kamdhenu, Micro Kamdhenu Dairy and Self Employment Programs through dairy in Uttar Pradesh. Various studies has observed that marginal and small farmers economic suited and local situation of field level and several agro climatic reason and improved the dairy farming practice. Marginal and small farmers income increasing while dairy enterprises and livestock improvement a lot of research studies after conducted so far are scattered and have covered one expect or the other. Various programs has launched by Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Veterinary University, Mathura for development of dairy such as Gokul Gram Mission, Kamdhenu Dairy, Animal Welfare & Clinical Camp and Imparting Scientific Knowledge of Animal Rearing for Better Production through Technology Transfer to Livestock Owner.

The present study has been conducted in Mathura District of Uttar Pradesh. The Chaumuhan Block was selected based on the maximum work done in the block by Pandit Deendayal Upadhayay University and government of Uttar Pradesh, regarding the rearing to livestock and dairy development. Five villages were selected based on maximum number of milch cattle population. The total numbers of small and marginal farmers were selected 201 and 281. Then 25% farmers were selected randomly from each categories viz. 50 farmers in case of small farm size group and 70 in case of marginal farm size group. The farmers were classified into three herd size group respectively. All information was collected 5-6 meetings self designed schedule in local language. All information was based on primary data as well as required knowledge.

Lack of Funds
The small and marginal farmers also reported the problem of lack of funds with them to manage dairy business. The table 1 shows the number of case reported such problems.
Table - 1 : Number of case reported problem of lack of fund by the farmers

Herd size groups	Sample size	Cases reported	Percentage cases
Small Farmers
I	23	20		86.95
II	17	14		82.35
III	10	8		80.00
Overall	50	42		84.00
Marginal Farmers
I	30	27		90.00
II	25	21		84.00
III	15	13		86.66
Overall	70	61		87.14

Table  1 indicate that about 84 per cent cases of small farmers 87.14 per cent case in case of marginal farmers reported the problem of non-availability of funds for dairy business they cannot purchase better feed as well as better breed animals. It was the major problem in case of all herd size of family of small and marginal farmers.
Lack of marketing facility
The farmers under study also reported the problem of lack of proper marketing facility of milk in the study area; table 2 shows the problem of lack of proper marketing facilities of milk in the area.
Table - 2 : Number of cases reported the problem of lack of proper marketing facility   
                  by the farmers

Herd size groups	Sample size	Cases reported	Percentage of cases
Small farmers
I	23	16	69.56
II	17	12	70.58
III	10	6	60.00
Overall	50	34	68.00
Marginal farmer
I	30	22	73.34
II	25	19	76.00
III	15	11	73.34
Overall	70	52	74.28

The table 2 indicate that out of 50 cases 34 cases (68 %) cases in case of small farmers reported the problem of lack of proper marketing facilities in village, while in case of marginal farmers out of 70 case 52 farmers (74.28 %) reported the problem of lack of proper marketing facilities in the village. It result shows that there is a need to develop transportation facilities in the locality, so that farmer may get proper convenience and profit.
Lack of the better price
Table 3 shows that the Number of cases reported the problem of lack of better price of milk.
Table  - 3 : Number of cases reported the problem of lack of better price of milk by the Farmers                   

Herd size groups	Sample size	Cases reported	Percentage of cases
Small farmers
I	23	19	82.60
II	17	12	70.58
III	10	7	70.00
Overall	50	38	76.00
Marginal farmer
I	30	24	80.00
II	25	21	84.00
III	15	13	86.00
Overall	70	58	82.86

The table 3 indicates that about 76 per cent cases in case of small farmers, 82.86 per cent cases in case of marginal farmers reported the problems lack of better price of milk by farmers. It resulted in low price of obtained by them from the private vendors who purchased the milk from the farmers there for there is a required to managed proper marketing of milk and batter price facilities in the locality, so that farmers may get better price of the milk in the study area.
Lack of awareness of government policies and animal insurance facility
The small and marginal farmers reported the problem, lack of government policies and animal insurance facilities of cattle. They are not aware with the about the government policies and animal insurance facilities. The table 4 that the shows the number of cases reported the problem.
Table - 4 : Number of cases reported the problem of lack of awareness of govt. polices and animal insurance facility by the farmer

Herd size groups	Sample size	Cases reported	Percentage of cases
Small farmers
I	23	13	56.52
II	17	10	58.82
III	10	6	60.00
Overall	50	29	58.00
Marginal farmer
I	30	17	56.66
II	25	13	52.00
III	15	9	60.00
Overall	70	39	55.71

The table  4 indicates that about 58 per cent cases in case of small farmers while 55.71 per cent cases in case of marginal farmers reported the problem of lack of government policies and animal insurance facilities in the study area. It is need to open a farmer’s help desk in the study area for the development of dairy business and awareness for farmers regarding such problems.
Lack of proper scientific knowledge and guidance:
The farmers reported the problem, lack of proper scientific knowledge and guidance. The table 5 that the shows the number of cases reported the problem.
Table - 5 : Number of cases reported the problem of lack of proper scientific knowledge and  guidance of dairy development by the the farmers

Herd size groups	Sample size	Cases reported	Percentage of cases
Small farmers
I	23	6	26.08
II	17	7	41.17
III	10	4	40.00
Overall	50	17	34.00
Marginal farmer
I	30	8	26.67
II	25	6	24.00
III	15	5	33.33
Overall	70	19	27.14

The table 5 indicate that the about 34 per cent cases in case of small farmers and 27.14 percent cases in case of marginal farmers reported the problems of lack of proper scientific knowledge & guidance for dairy development in the area as well as they have no knowledge & guidance regarding such facilities also and they are not interested and aware with the scientific knowledge & guidance. There is a required a information and training centre in the locality so that the farmers may get proper scientific knowledge & guidance.
Lack of skills in dairy enterprises:
The farmers reported the problem of lack of skills in dairy enterprises. The table 6 shows that the number of cases reported the problem.
Table - 6 : Farmers reported problem of lack of skills in dairy enterprise

Herd size groups	Sample size	Cases reported	Percentage cases
Small farmers
I	23	4	17.39
II	17	5	29.41
III	10	3	30.00
Overall	50	12	24.00
Marginal farmer
I	30	5	16.66
II	25	3	12.00
III	15	2	13.33
Overall	70	10	14.28

 Table  6 reveals that out 50 cases, the 12 small farmers (24 %) reported that the problem of lack of skill in dairy enterprise in village, out of 70 cases 10 marginal farmers (14.28 %) reported that the problem of lack of skill in dairy enterprise on the farms. The cases reported such problem came more in case of small farmers as compared to marginal farmers. They have no knowledge of modern dairy development technology. It is required to them provide new technical knowledge regarding such facilities.
Lack of maintenance of regarding nutrients balance ratio
The small and marginal farmers reported the problem, lack of maintenance regarding nutrients balance ratio for cattle’s. They are not aware with the about the problem. The table 7 that the shows the number of cases reported the problem.
Table - 7 : Problem faced by farmer regarding nutrient balance ratio

Herd size groups	Sample size	Cases reported	Percentage of cases
Small farmers
I	23	16	69.56
II	17	11	64.71
III	10	6	60.00
Overall	50	33	66.00
Marginal farmer
I	30	23	76.66
II	25	18	72.00
III	15	11	73.33
Overall	70	52	74.28

 The table  7 indicate that about 66 per cent cases in case of small farmers and 74.28 per cent cases in the category of marginal farmers reported that the problem of lack of maintenance of regarding nutrient balance ratio or standard feeding. The majority of cases of small and marginal farmers reported such problem. Thus there is need to educated the farmers regarding balance ratio to be feed to milch animals for better milk production on the farmers. Lack of suitable atmosphere in the area:
Table - 8 indicate that about 40 per cent cases in the category of small farmers and 41.42 per cent cases in the category of marginal farmers reported the problem; lack of suitable atmospheric conditions in the local area. In such situation foreign breed and other state i.e. Haryana, Punjab and other state’s animal are not survive in the area. So farmers are no utilized other regions animal breed therefore, there is a major problems of all categories of small and marginal farmers on the farm. It is a need to open of cross breed center sin local area for better breed and milk production for the farmers, respectively.
Table - 8 : Number of cases reported problem of lack of suitable atmosphere in the area by the farmers

Herd size groups	Sample size	Cases reported	Percentage of cases
Small farmers
I	23	9	39.13
II	17	7	41.17
III	10	4	40.00
Overall	50	20	40.00
Marginal farmer
I	30	16		43.34
II	25	9		36.00
III	15	7		46.67
Overall	70	29		41.42

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