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| Physicochemical Analysis of Groundwater Sample of Neemod Village of Neemkathana Block of Sikar, India | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Paper Id :
16946 Submission Date :
12/12/2022 Acceptance Date :
22/12/2022 Publication Date :
25/12/2022
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| Abstract | Physico-chemical analysis of groundwater of Neemod village of Neemkathana block is taken to evaluate its suitability for domestic use. Groundwater samples were collected from the bore well for the assessment period from Jan-2022 to Dec-2022. Physico-chemical parameters are selected: pH, hardness, alkalinity, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, fluoride, and TDS. Methods were used as suggested by BIS (IS 10500: 2012 estimation of acceptable limits and permissible limits for selected parameters. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Keywords | Groundwater, Physio-Chemical Parameters, WHO, BIS, TDS. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Introduction |
The mineralogic composition of the aquifer, and the contact time, affect the mineralogic composition of groundwater and the Composition affecting processes are redox, ion exchange, hydrolysis, dissolution, precipitation, biochemical reactions, etc., (Mathess, 1982). |
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| Aim of study | Large scale open cast mining creating huge problems to ecosystem of the block. Fine dust particles percolating upto aquifer system and changing the quality of groundwater and portability of water continuously decreasing. Present study will provide important information to villagers. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Review of Literature | Britannica the world's most important dictionary has
defined water "A substance composed of the chemical
elements hydrogen and oxygen and existing
in gaseous, liquid, and solid states. It is one of the most plentiful and
essential of compounds.
A tasteless and odourless liquid at
room temperature, it has the important ability to dissolve many other
substances. Indeed, the versatility of water as a solvent is
essential to living organisms" (Zumdahl, 2021).
Amnate (2009) states that the total volume of water on
the earth is 1.386 billion km3 which comprises of 97.5% salty
water and 2.5% fresh water (can be used for drinking), and only 0.3% of water
is in liquid phase and other 99.70% of water is in solid (ICE) phase on the
earth. |
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| Main Text | Table1:
Hydrogeological Formation of Neemkathana Block
Table 1 shows the hydrological
formations of the Neemkathana block, which is almost quartzite which is a
metamorphic rock, and in the remaining is older alluvium. Metamorphic rocks are
rich in minerals containing fluoride (Johns et al., 1967;
Frencken, 1992). In India, water quality standards were first published in
1983. Second revision (IS -10500: 2012) with
the objective of assessing the quality of given water resources and checking
the water treatment, which is in alignment with available specifications, with
both acceptable and permissible limits.
The Bureau of Indian Standards, developed Indian
standards for drinking water BIS(SI 10500:2012), which
consists of six tables as Organoleptic and Physical Parameters, General
Parameters Concerning Substances Undesirable in Excessive Amounts, Parameters
Concerning Toxic Substances, Parameters Concerning Radioactive Substances,
Pesticide Residues Limits, and Test Method and Bacteriological Quality of
Drinking Water. Study Area Geographical location Neemod village 27.2475° N, 74.7850°
E with area of 1435 hectares and a population is 1873. As surface water is
unavailable so peoples are dependent on groundwater. The distance between the
village from Neemkathana is 7km. Material and Methods Table 2: List of Parameters and Methods of Determination
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| Result and Discussion | Assessment of
groundwater of Neemod village in Neemkathana block Groundwater samples from Neemod village were collected for the assessment period of Jan-2022 to Dec-2022 and analyzed for selected physico-chemical parameters. The results of physico-chemical parameters shown in the table3.
pH
Figure 1: pH of groundwater in Neemod village of
Neemkathana block Figure 1 shows that the pH of the groundwater of Neemod
village found within (BIS IS 10500: 2012) acceptable limit of 6.5 – 8.5 for the
assessment year from Jan-2022 to Dec-2022. A minimum of 7.5, and a
maximum of 8.0. Total alkalinity Figure 2: Total alkalinity in groundwater of Neemod
village in Neemkathana block Figure 2 shows that the total alkalinity for the groundwater of Neemod
village was found beyond the BIS (IS 10500: 2012) acceptable limit of 200 mg/L,
but all the results are within the permissible limit of 600 mg/L, the results
of the test indicate that the value is maximum 394 mg/L while minimum345 mg/L. Total hardness
Figure 3: Total hardness of groundwater in Neemod village
of Neemkathana block Figure 3 shows the assessment of parameter total hardness for the
assessment period and the results state that this parameter was found more than
the BIS standard. the maximum total hardness of 300 mg/L and the minimum total
hardness of 315 mg/L. Chloride Figure 4: Chloride in groundwater of Neemod village in Neemkathana block Figure 4 shows that the maximum chloride 115 mg/L and the minimum chloride
concentration 89 mg/L is observed. The chloride concentration of groundwater in
the Neemod village was observed within the BIS (IS 10500: 2012) acceptable
limit of 250 mg/L. Sulphate
Figure 5: Sulphate in water of Neemod village of
Neemkathana block Figure 5 shows that the maximum sulphate 47 mg/L was found in the month of Sept-2022 and the minimum of 35 mg/L sulphate is found in the month of April, and Dec-2022. The sulphate concentration in groundwater of Neemod village is observed higher than the BIS (IS 10500: 2012) acceptable limit of 200 mg/L. Nitrate Figure 6: Nitrate in groundwater of Neemod village in
Neemkathana block Figure 6 shows that maximum nitrate 73 mg/ and the minimum 47 mg/L. Test result reveals that the nitrate concentration of groundwater in the Neemod village observed are within the BIS (IS 10500: 2012) acceptable limit of 47 mg/L. Fluoride
Figure 7: Fluoride in groundwater of Neemod village of
Neemkathana block Figure 7 shows that the maximum fluoride 0.98 mg/L found in the month of
Dec-2022 and the minimum fluoride 0.7/mg/L. Total Dissolved Solids Figure 8: TDS in groundwater of Neemod village of
Neemkathana block
Figure 8 shows that the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) variation for the
assessment period Jan 2022 to Dec-2022 is 901 mg/L-992 mg/L. Test result
reveals that the total dissolved solid (TDS) in the groundwater of the Neemod
village observed higher than the BIS (IS 10500: 2012) acceptable limit of 500
mg/L. |
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| Conclusion | Some areas of the Neemkathana block is rich of minerals, and large area covers open cast mining Anthropogenic, and geogenic are both factors deteriorating the quality of groundwater. The total alkalinity, total hardness, nitrate, fluoride, and TDS for the groundwater of Neemod village were found beyond the BIS (IS 10500: 2012) acceptable limit. The present study for the groundwater parameters will be helpful for the villagers to monitor the quality of the selected source for drinking water. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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