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The author decided to write about nature in Thomas Hardy's novels, mainly by Thomas Hardy as a novelist, have made an impression on writer while the author was reading his novel. That's because the stories his novels tell are It was touching, cruel, and moving. The author chose Tess of d'Urbervilles (1891) because of it perhaps the most representative and famous work of the author, and Jude the Obscure (1895) because it really moved writer when the author read it, especially the ugliness of the fate of the main character and the brutality of the plot are of a kind that is not easy forget. The theoretical part has two parts, the first part reiterates general knowledge on naturalism as a literary style, its basis and relation to realism. Then, more specifically, it deals with naturalistic fiction in general, with its typical plots. And character. The following section focuses on the author to whom this work is dedicated, Thomas Hardy. The author will start with his life, where author will describe in detail the important aspects of his life that are related to his literary career, which means the author will write about him. That childhood in Dorset when his surroundings later appear in his novels. One an important part of the theoretical part will be created in the world invented by Hardy's Wessex, its characters and the tragedy forced upon them in the novel. The practical part works with the main material and depicts itself, the individual natural elements as they appear in these works of art. This section begins with the Tess of d'Urbervilles when it was published before Jude the Obscure. In these two novels, the author will try to recognize the most important scenes, sayings and life stories inspired by the natural style.

Thomas Hardy's novel Tess of d'Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure is inescapably evocative to reflect on the quality of life in a rural community. It is a fact that we come to know that it is associated with the state of rural England in the second half of 19th century, not only recognized by some of Hardy's prominent critics but by Hardy himself. Therefore, Hardy's literary works are made by researchers, and they saw them through questionable concepts; should I order? To reveal a historical fact, a pure continuous truth, or they are just a fiction some products. Much of the magic of Hardy's enduring fictions depends on how they expand, complicate and grapple with the meaning of notion. We cannot ignore the fact that it is important to consider concepts mentioned for factual but problematic conclusions about literary Hardy their products and more on one side. On the other hand, it is also necessary to have a unique focus through an in-depth look at the artwork. This will reserve an enough attention to using Hardy's perception to solve some problems in his hour. Therefore, this study is an attempt to show that the artistic skills of Hardy and The technique of clever visual storytelling is important in indirect representation methods used by Hardy to reflect his attitudes and judgments on a topic. Next More specifically, this study aims to read carefully to investigate the reasons behind Hardy describes nature in his novels to reveal its "impressive" effect as written as stated by Hardy himself.

Naturalistic Novel

The most typical genre that naturalists choose to express is the romance in first place and drama in second place. Only the novel will be discussed in this chapter. All the elements mentioned in the previous section are of course included natural novel. In these novels we can distinguish the scientific works of the 19th century discovery and theory — the birth of the scientific method and its influence on people. "Naturists believe that imaginative literature (especially fiction) must be based on scientific knowledge and imaginative writers must scientists are objective and exploratory in their approach to work. It means the environment must be handled correctly, and the characters must be relative to physiological inheritance." (Nynne-Danes 741) The naturalist novel, like naturalism, in reality comes from the realist tradition. The naturalist novel incorporated the realistic methods of describe reality objectively, accurately depicting people and natural and social situations' environment, with natural elements typical of scientific novelty and social influences and genetic themes. Naturalists represent the outside world humanity where all have been deprived of their free will and have been defined by their will genetics and the environment with the highest scientific objectivity and methods. From their point of view naturalists are direct, they don't tend to say things in detour and This attitude was reflected in their novels. The technical narration, rarely abandoned conventions of the nineteenth century. Its "experiments" are directed at humans, who are manipulated as in a science lab experiment. This leads to an emphasis on content. (Furst 47) All objectivity and impact of environment and social order on an individual has clarified that the most appropriate floor to write about is working class, as these people are most affected by the negative effects of Industrial Revolution. "Naturalists shared with earlier realists the belief that The daily life of the middle and working classes in their day provided a worthy subject treat literature seriously." (Drabble 713) For this reason, in their literary works Naturalist writers focused on working-class individuals. They describe them in The environment is greatly affected by economic and social changes. Because many of them lost their jobs because human labor has been replaced by industrial machines. Many working classes dependent on agriculture and thanks to the Revolution, the importance of agricultural decline under the influence of industry. The lives of working-class people are most important affected during the industrial revolution, the fate of many of them was quite tragic. Like naturalists deeply interested in the terrifying aspects of human life, they chose focus on these people in their work.    

The novel Tess of the d'Urberville was first published in volume form in 1891 (it has previously been serialized in censored form in Graphics). Hardy spent several months revise this novel to its form in numbers because some passages and chapters of Original manuscript has been removed from serial publication. Publishing has been improved Hardy as a novelist and caused a scandal due to his progressive views on sexual theme. (Ingham) This literary work tells the story of an innocent, charming and innocent country girl, forced (even sometimes reluctantly) by her parents to make all the reckless decisions that she made. Eventually fatal to her. This work of art is a tragic move the story of a young woman who is a victim of sin rather than of sin. (Vigar180) Tess, intimately attached to nature and with no ill intentions, ended up paying the highest price because of the torn fate imposed on her. Hardy sees women as inevitably victims of men and the societies they dominate.(King 118) Although Tess with her extraordinary beauty and charm had the chance to destroy the men in turn, she was not strong enough to do so. On the one hand, her femininity and physical and emotional sophistication are traits with which she is endeared, and on the other, these are qualities she must endure. (King 118) With this in mind, Tess Durbey field's incredible story comes to an end, though innocent and innocent, she has suffered more than she can bear.

Tess's entire life can be seen as the influence of naturalism a working-class girl was destroyed by her genetics, she was then seduced by a heartless rich villain and thus abandoned by all her kind souls, including her own family. Despite all this she didn't give up and continued to fight for her happiness which she almost achieved when she fell in love and later married a charming gentleman. However, the past she tried to hide from caught up with her and the two lovers broke up. Since then, she has struggled on her own — she travels to unfamiliar places and regions in search of work, hungry and without money, she is forced to accept hard labor on the ground, which, by self-sacrifice, she asked for forgiveness. On top of that, her seducer reappears and deceives her again. She submits to him for the sake of her family and loses all hope. The most heartbreaking tragedy occurred when her long-lost officially husband returned and finally admitted his mistake — at which point Tess mustered all her strength and killed her mastermind. All the criminals, the one who seduced her, and then ran away with her husband. In the end, she was hanged and therefore death was the only possible solution and redemption.            

Naturalistic elements in Tess of the d’Urbervilles

There are several features in the novel based on natural theory. The most important natural influences in this novel are the environment, the environment that people live, play an important role in all the lives of the characters, and heredity determines the temperaments of the characters, their behavior, their work as well as the physical and mental inclinations of the characters. They and fate set various traps for man, and thus he pulls the strings to fulfill his predestined destiny. "The natural premise of the book — the state of the earth where life is placed — is the most obvious, the most fundamental, and the most unshakable truth...". (Van Ghent 85) The natural and social setting and its impact are most visible on the main characters of the novel when their settings are described in more detail. The environment is made up of different layers that, to varying degrees, affect people's lives. The most important part of the environment that affects a person is his immediate family, with which heredity always goes hand in hand, and it also plays a notable role. The family framework governs impulses, while heredity shapes of predispositions.

Tess was born into a family that thrived on misconceptions about Durbeyfields. The parents lived their ordinary, modest lives. They have a lot of children dependent on their parents. They rent some land to rent out, they own a horse and although there is nothing in their life that can be called rich, family members are never really hungry. The mother, Joan, and the father, John Durbeyfield, are quite modest people, occasionally stopping by the local inns for a change in their daily lives. In fact, they are obvious and simple, but they are inherently naive and impractical. "Tess Durbeyfield grew up in an 'indescribably monstrous' house, whose monotony and anxiety only made his parents tolerable by the illegal journey to Rollovers, their 'local'." (King 51) Tess, their eldest daughter, inherited a weakness that often leads to alienation and daydreaming. (Holloway 55) Tess's mother is the woman is beautiful and Tess also inherited her charm and grace that makes people always notice her, she can't hide anywhere to escape the man jealous, rude or sometimes even threatening.

The inheritance of all the Durbeyfields became important when the father discovered that his family was directly involved in the noble birth of the d'Urbervilles, and a very rich family of farmland and property owners. Due to their simple and dreamy personalities, Joan and John Durbeyfield were so excited to discover their noble and wealthy ancestry that they immediately began spreading this rumor throughout the village; Their imagination allows them to plan a bright future since they came up with the idea of contacting their loved ones. For this mission, they chose Tess spontaneously, partly because of her beauty and partly because of her docility. She, a little more mature than her parents, found it absurd, maybe it was an accident arranged by fate itself. One night, while the father was drunk, Tess led their horse, Prince, to deliver the hive. Unfortunately, a mail truck crashed into them and killed the Prince. This incident Tess immediately admitted her fault. "With this accident linked into a deadly alliance, Tess will 'claim' the D'Urbervilles' parents and all other links in her tragedy until Alec is murdered...all The set of false systems and misinterpretations in the novel are a function of spiritual and cosmic blindness." (Van Ghent 80) Tess's parents were blinded by their idealistic images of going back to their former fame. They sent her to D'Urbervilles to establish a bond between the two families, and they knew she wouldn't refuse because her guilt was terrible. Tess actually hates and criticizes their cloud castle and their image of a better future because of this questionable lineage. However, she also inherits a similar tendency to imagine, and her character's tendency to observe herself too emotionally, which further enhances her sense of responsibility. Her family supports this feeling in her, as they see her as their possible savior. (King 113) Tess, too sensitive and remorseful, finally agrees to go on a trip to her so-called flesh and blood to repay the unfortunate mistake  she made.

Alec Stokes–DUrberville's family is shrouded in mystery. The father took over the name of the d'Urbervilles, while this historic family clearly has nothing in common with them, in his name, for he is a rich man and has a sense of fame. The novelty of red brick buildings, "fancy ranch" and even the falsity of the name D'Urberville, suggesting the illusory and unstable nature of Alec's world. He carries all the signs of a villain charming person of the Victorian melodrama — black mustache, full lips, dark skin, and bulging eyes. Tess was immediately mesmerized by his charm, docile like a sister dream´, it's like she's high on drugs…” (King 113) When he and Tess first met, he made her feel excited. A dream, like a princess. Alec, the aforementioned young "gentleman" did not disclose tell me the truth with Tess because he doesn't want to spoil the magic. He's clearly a liar, crooked villain who is greatly influenced by his family's fortunes and thinks he is the master of the world, and he has the power to act as he pleases. This is the attitude probably stems from the fact that he is an only child. His mother then gets a little angry because the only thing he cares about is his poultry and doesn't care about Alec when she learns of his spoiled and daring personality. Some time after abusing Tess, he began preaching about sin. But as soon as he recognized Tess, his old lust rekindled and when he learned of the death of her child and her marriage, he continued to pursue her. He offers her material help because he wants her back. Alec was greatly influenced by his tolerant upbringing having grown up to be a carefree, confident young man who acts the way he likes, he doesn't consider the people he has hurt, and so he's the archetype of an anti-hero

Clares is a family with a strong religious upbringing. Both father and mother too ethical and observant.They keep the Ten Commandments and care more about the homeless or those in need than their children. Angel's brother turned out to be very selfish and ignorant men even though they thought they were the opposite. Angel gives the impression of a simple young man who cares more about nature and human life than the Bible and Heaven. But as soon as he discovered the truth about Tess, he behaved like a real coward. He was so afraid of what society might say that he didn't tell anyone what had happened between him and his new wife. He just left her some money and ignored her. It was the result of generations of extreme Christian training. Faith, has left him with an inherent aversion to women, and all that is in him belongs to women." (Lawrence 97) It is also because of Angel's personality, his infertility, and his formalism that he cannot forgive her. Although he considered himself a modern man with progressive views, he acted as if his environment would act. Even if he didn't admit it to himself, he was greatly influenced by public opinion. After marrying Tess, he rents a place to live oddly enough, it's the former residence of his D'Urberville ancestors, where they sit in front of the fireplace and agree to tell each other about their past mistakes of the past. Angel started first,he told her a love story of his while in London and that story more or less similar to the story of Tess. Tess was so relieved to hear that, she was so sure he would forgive her. So she sets out to tell him her unfortunate story, but Angel can't excuse the rift in Tess's past because his love for her is different from his. He saw Tess as more of a fantasy than a woman,he wanted her whole, pure and natural before anyone ruined him. (King 114) Angel also sees his unhappiness from a genetic standpoint: "I can't help but associate the decline of your family with another reality — of your inconsistency. Decaying family consists of decaying wills, corrupt behavior... I see you like an infant of nature; and you, the belated sower of a decadent aristocracy!" (Hardy 299) A woman's chastity was as important to him as it was to any other man of his time. "With a mother's instincts, Mrs. Clare pinpointed the kind of trouble that could cause the anxiety that seemed to worry her son. 'She's perfect!' right on the spot he'll lie." Then never mind the rest." (Hardy 339) Here, even the mother doesn't consider the human side of life if it concerns people are different. But when her son's reputation was threatened, she acted like a hypocrite, even though Mrs. Clare was a good and kind woman, Mrs. influenced by contemporary visions of society. Inheritance Angel similar assumptions and in the case of Tess's confession, he behaved hypocritically like his mother. The idea that nothing in a marriage is more important than a woman's chastity fits the general stereotype of the Victorian era.

Fate sometimes imposes on the characters in the book all of a sudden, it just seemed like a coincidence, and it didn't cause that much trouble at first. But then this twist of fate mixed with inherited traits or influenced by social environment and gradually turned into a tragedy. Finally, on the day Tess decides to visit d'Urbervilles, she goes there to talk to "olds" but the only person she really meets is the young Alec, who has no intention of arbitrating her conversation. Surnamed her mother and thus Madame d'Urberville never knew Tess's origins. Tess's inexperience kept her from realizing his attempt to kiss her on the first date. So she didn't. Identify their true nature. The lack of understanding and innocence in his life really caught him off guard and made him unavoidably charming. (King 113) Then suddenly got a job offer. If it was for Tess, she would never have gone, but her mother convinced her to use Tess's overwhelming guilt over the killed horse. The fact that no one, especially Tess, knew that this work was initiated by Alec himself because he wanted her close to him, was another little trick that led to the deadly tragedy. Back on the roof of Durbeyfield, everyone was touched by the friendliness of the "people" here. Joan Durbeyfield is the happiest (and easiest) of them all because she has hopes of marrying Tess and has in fact been planning a good marriage for her daughter since birth. (Hardy 56) On the day Tess left, her mother dressed her in a very fashionable outfit, her clothes and accessories appropriate for her age and “…can make her take her seriously. A woman when she is no more than a child.” (Hardy 58) Joan  Durbeyfield with her retardation was so proud of her daughter and the beauty Tess inherited from her, that she even planned Tess's marriage to Alec and Tess. Improve their society, and she also says: ‘’he will never have the heart not to love her’’. (Hardy 58) Her own social status was so important to Joan that she did not consider Tess's point of view and thus pushed her to the inevitable fate because fate was already destined fate for her.       

Tess of the d´Urbervilles is a literary work influenced by naturalism. Main the heroine, Tess, has a difficult life through which she suffers a lot unpleasant, shocking and fatal situations. She is deeply influenced by heredity, Also, unfortunately for Tess, her real family has a strong influence on her as well causes Tess to essentially act against her will in order to help her family. Also, The environment in which she grew up, poverty, deprivation, hardship played an important role in Tess's life story. "All the protagonists of his tragic novel seem, as he suggests of Tess and Angel, doesn't mean doomed. Even the hardest things happen coincidence is just the speeding factor. Given the main characters' genetics, personalities and environments, the result is inevitable. Genetics and environment, personality and society are all considered modern fates. Primitive superstition and scientific theory reinforce each other." (King 26) Angel's fate is also influenced by genetics and environment, although opinions and views are predetermined. His life seems to come from his mind, and he acts according to his genetic beliefs and not like Tess, to redeem imaginary debts which is why Angel's life is not ended tragically like Tess's. Tess must die to achieve peace, it must be as she herself says: ‘'Once a victim, always a victim — that's the law!'’ (Hardy 427) In her assertion, she was right, for she was born a victim of fate. Fate is really cruel in her case. ''Well, a little more, or a little less, that happened to him, a thousand times more unfortunate than others. But it was still the most beautiful! Simple and sure as churches. (Hardy 116) Tess had to endure the dangers of fate and whenever there was a glimmer of hope for a better future, something worse happened. In the end, she may have looked forward to death, as she was exhausted from the battle against determination that she was never able to overcome.

Naturalistic elements in Jude The Obscure

In this novel, the influence of naturalism is more apparent than in Tess of the d'Urbervilles in terms of genetics and origin, there are claims that refer to literally these phenomena. Jude and Sue are cursed by their family history, both are prone to making mistakes when it comes to choosing a mate, and genetics also dictate their rare and delicate personalities. The surrounding environment and society also have an important impact on the couple, as their entourage makes it difficult for them when the lovers decide to live according to their own beliefs. The fate of this novel is not very clear as all naturalist scenes are tied to the genetics of the characters. From an early age, Jude constantly reminded herself of her worthlessness. He was an orphan who was taken care of by his aunt because more or less she had no other choice. His aunt tells him how much better it would be if he left her because he wasn't much help. His life has been a huge disappointment since he was young. It started with his favorite teacher, Mr. Phillotson, leaving for Christmas. "Jude, Jude, why don't you hang out with your teacher for Christmas or something. But, oh no — poor kid or lousy kid — there's never been a family jostling, and there never will be!" However, as his aunt mentioned, he is too ordinary and disappointment is a part of the lives of the young member of his family, so his genetics here have made him unsuccessful in the future.

Another thing Jude inherited from his ancestors is his personality. Quite unusual; he is very sensitive, maybe even too much. He could never harm a living being. Jude takes everything, especially all of his failures, very personally. His appearance is also quite delicate. He loves all such animals and nature. The next night, and usually reinstall them and the nest in its original location the next morning. It's almost unbearable for him to see trees cut down or pruned, beyond imagination it's heartbreaking them. This weakness of character, so to be called, suggests that he is the type people born to suffer…” (Hardy 17) In this sense, Jude is developing slowly. The child is as sensitive as he really is in this early adulthood. Events don't quite match the way he is thought. The logic of nature was too terrible for him. This mercy towards a set (Hardy 18). Soon he was old enough to start thinking about his career. Much influenced by his obsession with Christmas, he chose to become a stone seamstress, although he never gave up his desire to study, from which he devoted the rest of his spare time to books, which according to the aunt in the family as an obsession, especially the grammar books of Latin and Ancient Greek.           

Everything goes according to his plan: apprentice with a stonemason, then read and student, but one day, while returning home, fate ensnared a trap under the guise of Arabella. She is the complete opposite of him. Arabella grew up in a difficult rural family, environment from childhood including the slaughter of pigs and the processing of their meat and offal. She is a determined and energetic girl. She knows what she wants from the start, she has a strong personality and is very passionate. She is a strong seducer, because he finds her beautiful, so he gradually sacrifices his studies to spend time with her. She knows her ambition well but doesn't care, her personality is to prove that she can accomplish anything she has in mind. 'She's winning her game.' (Hardy 46) Rooted in Jude's genetic nature of choosing the wrong mate and then asserting their relationship in unhappy marriages, most of which end with disastrous consequences. Thus, profoundly influenced by this predestination, Jude was indeed unable to avoid the same scenario. Arabella quickly regained his soul. He walked as if he felt like another man from yesterday's Jude. What are his books for him? What is his intention, to this day, to strictly adhere to, so as not to lose a single minute of time day after day? It is better to love a woman than to graduate.” (Hardy 48) Arabella is cunning and realizes Jude's feelings for her, so she deceives him about her pregnancy and he, influenced by her delicate personality, I got married almost no paycheck, you know; Or maybe I should have thought about that before. But, of course, if that were the case, we'd have to get married! What else do you think I could dream of doing?. This is the complete destruction of my plans — I mean my plans before I knew you, my dear. But what are they after all!... We will definitely get married: we will have to.

Soon, he bitterly regretted his decision, as their natures were so different. She even made him kill a pig:"At least he'll be dead in eight minutes. He won't take half a minute if I can help it, no matter what the meat looks like." (Hardy 64) is one of the most powerful natural elements in history. Their future prospects are not very bright, especially the lack of money makes Arabella worse. Finding out that Arabella lied about her pregnancy, Jude fell into a depression. “Their life is ruined by a fundamental fault in their marriage.” (Hardy 69) Jude knows the unhappiness that bad marriages bring to his parents and others relative. I heard my aunt's warning that my family would have to do it bad decisions they suffered afterward, but by then it was too late to change anything. "While Arabella in Jude the Dark has what could be called a selfish instinct in love, Jude herself has another, altruistic self. She sees in him a man who can do what she can do. She is satisfied. She takes it and is satisfied with it. What makes him a man. He grew up to be a mature, independent man in Arabella's arms. That makes a man of any youth. He turns out to be a male creature, set free to live." (Lawrence 105) After a brief and resentful marriage, Jude has truly grown. It is not in a pleasant way, but since then he has become more resistant to unpleasant situations than before. In part, alcohol also helped Jude endure her misery. After a while, even Arabella had to admit that their marriage had nothing to do with her, and they decided to part ways.

Soon after, Sue went to Manchester Teachers College. She hates strictness reign there and flee. By this escape, her studies were ruined, and so she got married Phillotson immediately. Due to her genetic predisposition, as she was being condemned by her parents for choosing the wrong life partner, she made a huge mistake. "She was unhappy in every moment of her life, poor Sue, to her own understanding does not exist in life. She always felt the terrible disintegration disease clinging to her, She is a void in herself. So she married Philotson, the only man she could really be get married." (Lawrence 76) Jude suffered not only because he lost her, but also because of him from personal experience, how wrong she was to get married. "She married Phillotson without considering the material quality of the marriage. Instinct makes him avoid consideration. And her two-faced nature made her very susceptible to self-destruction. The woman is suppressed, atrophied in herself, like a strength the rage, still there, showed that he had made a fatal mistake. She always contains the rarest and most dangerous chaos in her person." (Lawrence 109) Sue's personality is the exact opposite of Arabella's. She is by no means a passionate or athletic woman. She did not want to experience life through the senses, only through (Lawrence 108) In this marriage, Sue had to endure unbearable things, she physically hated Phillotson, she is locked in her world, and he never forces her to do anything against her will, she once asked him if he would let her go Richard is a man reasonable, humane, and kind and even as he predicted what that would mean for her future, he let her go because he saw she didn't like him and understand that she may not be really happy in their life common relationship law. After the breakup, even Phillotson, who has yet to be described in detail, then experienced the hardships commonly known to naturalist characters. He had to quit his job because his behavior is considered controversial and unacceptable and even other schools unwilling to hire him, so he must bear his fate, especially that imposed on him by the sectarian society, even though he feels he has done the right thing. "Prank again the melancholy event was the beginning of a serious illness for him; and I lay in solitude read in the pathetic mental state of a middle-aged man, who eventually realizes that his life, intellect and family, is prone to failure and gloom." Jude. Indeed, the two are strikingly similar: both fall in love with the same woman, fails the same at Christmas, both live in the same countryside and suffer from loneliness. Their difference is in age, ability and passion. In short, Phillotson is the projection of Jude as well as the two women. It's a kind of Jude Senior: older, gentler, less talented and urgent, and therefore less likely to have tragedy. (Alvarez 120) Although Phillotson's suffering seemed great at first, in the end It was he who was the winner of Sue, and so he found his peace.

Dark Jude tells an incredible story of shattered plans, hopes and dreams. He describes young people who have paid the price for genetic predispositions to error. "Even though the social criticism it implies, Jude's tragedy is not of missed opportunities but of failure, disappointment.” (Alvarez 113 – 114) It is a story of loneliness in a human heart that society has destroyed. He said that the environment always determines us live whether we like it or not. "Inherent in most of Hardy's characters are these natural characters instincts become destructive because social conventions suppress or silence them, trying to make the mind follow the "letter". The novel builds on contrasts — Sue and her pagan submission to the Greek and Roman gods are compared to reading Jude's Testament. The town of  Christmister on Jude's first visit gives the impression of academics, while on Jude's second visit, this time with his family, it is naturally expressed in poverty and squalor. Jude himself is first introduced as a saint, then when he seduces Sue we get Jude the sinner. Sue initially behaved like a pagan and after losing her child, she became a saint. (F. E. Hardy 272-3).

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