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It is claimed that scientists are seeing changes in the Earth's climate in every place and throughout the entire weather patterns, as confirmed in the most recent “Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Report”. Several of the documented climatic changes have not been seen in thousands if not hundreds of thousands of years, and some of the consequences already in motion—like ongoing sea level rise—are unstoppable over hundreds to thousands of years (IPCC, 2021). “For the past 650,000 years, the climate on Earth has fluctuated naturally as ice ages and warm eras came and went”. Changes in the energy balance of the planet, which come from some sort of "forcing"—an environmental component that affects the climate—cause climate alterations. The patterns of today's environmental alterations are changing, according to researchers. Several man-made forces are responsible for the most recent environmental harms. Today, it is recognised that human activity, rather than naturally occurring forces, is what is creating the most worrisome climate change. “For instance, CO2 levels have increased by 40% compared to those before the Industrial Revolution; they went from 280 parts per million in the 18th century to over 400 ppm in 2015 and are expected to hit 410 ppm this spring. In addition, there is now more methane in the atmosphere than at any time in the previous 800,000 years. Methane is a greenhouse gas that is 84 times more potent than CO2 in the short term—more than twice as much as it was before to the Industrial Revolution. While some methane is normally released from wetlands, sediments, volcanoes, and wildfires, the majority of methane emissions are caused by the extraction of oil and gas, animal rearing, and landfills” (Cho, 2017; USEPA, 2022). It is a reality that global climates are changing in unexpectedly, and human activities—far from natural processes—have emerged as a major concern in this regard. There is no doubt that the effects of global warming have increased the trends in climate change and are transforming the climatic systems around the world (Chakraborty et al., 2014; World Economic Forum, 2022). The effects of global warming on the environment and human civilization are depicted in the figure below.

In this section, a systematic review of the currently published scholarly articles on climatic changes and their impacts on human life and activities is provided. The review particularly emphasizes on the human factors that are causing environmental damage and causing climate change and on the other hand, the manner climate changes are disrupting human life.

(a) Climate Changes, its Causes and Current Trends

UK Essays (2021) (2021) The article divided the reasons for climate change into two broad groups: natural, which means elements like volcanic eruptions, ocean currents, changes in the earth's orbit, solar variations, etc. Man-made is a second component that emerged from the industrial revolution in the 19th century. Several man-made variables were highlighted in the article, including the use of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas. These fuels contribute to climate change, frequently in unexpected ways.

Additionally, Global climate change is a result of agricultural fertilisers. As a result of soil microbial activity, these compounds will release nitrous oxide. Emissions of carbon dioxide and methane will also affect climate change. The world's growing human population is another factor contributing to the expansion of agriculture. The article argues that, as compared to natural forces, man-made climate change elements are more rapid, more numerous, and have more detrimental effects.

Following the USEPA (2022) Report, Researchers have pieced together a history of the earth's atmosphere by analysing some suggested climatic indicators, such as ice core data, tree rings, glacier lengths, pollen traces, and ocean sediments, as well as by monitoring changes in the earth's orbit around the sun. Although the historical record shows that climate naturally changes over a wide range of time intervals, this variability is insufficient to explain the observed warming since the 1950s. Instead, there is a substantial likelihood (> 95%) that human activity has been the primary cause of that warming. Human activities have had a big impact on the climate by producing greenhouse gases and reflecting or absorbing solar radiation.

Bellard et al. (2014) looked at the various consequences of global warming that could have an impact on people, populations, species, communities, ecosystems, and biomes. They demonstrated, among other things, that organisms can adapt to the challenges posed by climate change by adjusting their climatic niche along three non-exclusive axes: time (for example, phenology), space (for example, range), and self (e.g., physiology).

According to the UNHCR's 2020 Report, disaster One of the most disastrous consequences of climate change, the crisis that defines the modern era, is resettlement. Although entire populations are already feeling the repercussions, the study emphasises how vulnerable people living in some of the most fragile and conflict-ridden countries are frequently disproportionately affected. IDPs, refugees, and stateless individuals are on the front lines of climate calamity. 

In their review-based research, Abbass et al. (2022) found that climatic variability is harming the sustainable development of several sectors around the world. They discovered, in particular, that the agricultural sector is particularly vulnerable to climate change, with sufficient food production and supply at risk from irruptive weather changes. They felt that this was challenging global feeding patterns, especially in nations where agriculture is a major industry and contributor to the overall output. Additionally, they claim that due to changes in optimal temperature ranges, climate change has jeopardised the integrity and preservation of many species, hastening the biodiversity decline by gradually altering the ecological structures. 

(b) Impacts of Climate Changes on Human Life

Health

According to McMichael (2014), human-induced climate change with such rapid and persistent global warming is historically unprecedented and shows that human demands on the natural systems that support life on Earth have reached levels that are beyond the bio-geo-capacity of the planet. Climate change poses a variety of threats to human health and survival, in addition to having social and political repercussions.

Also, it is challenging to pinpoint promptly the observed health changes in a community brought on by the recent climatic change. Hence, the researcher has focused on creating a cogent pattern of changes related to weather and climate that is required in many parts of the world. He contends that the health issues are unevenly felt, especially in poorer and more vulnerable places, and are made worse by the high prevalence of already existing diseases and conditions that are climatically sensitive.

The effects of climate change on human health are a rising and important concern today. Sellers et al. (2019) contend that despite mounting evidence relating climate change, health, and social upheaval, the pathways connecting these components as well as the amplitude, causality, and positional accuracy of links across spatial and temporal dimensions remain unknown. Therefore, they place a focus on developing appropriate models that attempt to explain and anticipate social unrest connected to climate change and should take into account connections between climate change, human health, and social instability.

The National Center for Environmental Health's (2022) Study predicts that several factors, including other natural and man-made health stress and environmental degradation, will have an impact on human health and illness. In the United States, public health may be impacted by physical, biological, and ecological system disturbances, including those that originate domestically and internationally, according to the research. These disruptions have a variety of negative health effects, including an increase in respiratory and cardiovascular disease, injuries and early deaths from extreme weather events, modifications in the prevalence and geographic distribution of food- and water-borne illnesses and other infectious diseases, and dangers to mental health.

The research of Robbins Schug et al., 2023 was based on the evidence of well-dated human skeletons from archaeological sites and mummified human remains, which directly pointed to trends in human health across time due to shifting conditions. In the context of historical rapid climate change (RCC) episodes and other times of past environmental change, their research offered records of diversity in human epidemiological patterns.

They emphasised that several variables, including social inequality and unequal access to resources in vast, complex civilizations, may affect the likelihood of significant sociopolitical disturbances and reorganisations, sometimes known as "collapse." The researchers show how the adaptability, variety, and preservation of Indigenous knowledge can be mitigating factors in the face of environmental problems in their Holocene human-environmental relations study.
According to research by Sorensen et al. (2018), climate change poses a threat to exacerbate already-existing gender-based health inequities in India, where significant environmental changes are occurring. As a result, they concurred that incorporating a gendered perspective into the current frameworks for climate, development, and disaster risk reduction could reduce unfavourable health effects. According to the researchers, reducing climate risks required improved data collection, monitoring of gender-specific targets, and equitable stakeholder participation. The researchers suggested enabling women to act as social change agents as a cure, believing that this would enhance mitigation and adaptation policy measures.

Economy-According to an OECD report from 2003, The struggle against poverty is at serious risk from climate change, which could also undo years of development work. Even though climate change is a global phenomenon, the research argues that its adverse consequences are more strongly felt by the poor and in developing nations. They are especially vulnerable since they depend so heavily on natural resources and have a difficult time adjusting to weather extremes.
Bristow (2007) asserts that firms are directly impacted by climatic changes, such as on infrastructure and investments. As electorates grow aware of the issue and governments respond to the effects of climate change and the costs of adaptive action, legislation should become more comprehensive and far-reaching. The Kyoto Protocol, which commits renegotiating nations to cut their CO2 emissions over set periods, is the most well-known programme for laying the groundwork for a regulatory system. But, there are also additional circumstances in which politics are progressing.

The International Labour Organization's 2018 report predicts that climate changes, such as temperature increases, may lead to an increase in heat stress, which would lead to fewer hours worked overall. The effects of climate change are especially important for women because of the challenges in establishing gender equality in the workplace.

The insecurity of women, migrants, the younger generation, indigenous and tribal populations, the impoverished, and those with disabilities are made worse by disparities in social and economic roles and obligations. These populations all typically have limited access to the tools they need to adapt to climate change, such as land, loans, agricultural inputs, the backing of decision-making bodies, technology, social insurance, and training. Recovery from the effects of environmental catastrophes is particularly difficult for the majority of these people, who work in small firms and the informal economy.

The repercussions of climate change are severe and diverse, and they are not anticipated to abate anytime soon, regardless of the mitigating measures that are adopted. Hence, adaptation strategies should be devised to safeguard people and communities against natural disasters. These strategies should include but are not limited to, the creation of constructed and natural infrastructures.

Future Generations 

Burke et al.'s (2018) study discovered that children were at risk for mental health issues such as PTSD, depression, anxiety, phobias, sleep problems, attachment disorders, and substance misuse due to both the direct and indirect effects of climate change. Problems with emotion control, cognition, learning, behaviour, language acquisition, and academic achievement may follow from these issues. These factors work together to establish risk factors for poor adult mental health outcomes. Youngsters are also very concerned about climate change. Meaning-focused coping encourages involvement with the environment and overall well-being.

According to Sanson et al. (2019) research, children are more vulnerable to the effects of climate change than adults are, both physically and psychologically. They are included in the greater risk area because their bodily and mental health are adversely affected right now and for the remainder of their lives. The study found that even though individuals in the poor world are less to blame for the crisis, the repercussions of climate change are often more severe there because there is less ability to mitigate and adapt to the effects. The study recognised and urged developing a robust, organised support system and young engagement, which can help foster resilience and hope. This study highlighted the need for improvement in the underwhelming support systems for children facing the challenges of climate change.

Children and young people throughout the world exhibit pervasive climate fear and unhappiness with government actions, which influence their daily lives, according to Hickman et al.

(2021). They discovered that greater anxiety was linked to perceptions of government inaction in the face of the climate problem. According to experts, there is an urgent need for more research on the psychological effects of climate change on children and young people, and governments must justify their suffering by taking prompt action to address the problem.

(c) Mitigation Policies for Climate Change and their Importance

The world community has devoted more than 25 years to laying a solid framework for the climate regime, one with definite, science-based objectives. The UNFCCC's adoption in 1992 sparked a successful global response to climate change that has subsequently evolved and expanded collaboration. The Paris Agreement, a worldwide framework for action, was subsequently reached, and its principles are now in effect.

There are amazing instances of countries that have already started this task, but the global response to climate change is still very far behind. At this time, we are not on track to meet our 1.5°C objective. Instead, the threat is more than doubling over time, which is a scenario that is exceedingly concerning for the survival of mankind on our planet (United Nations Climate Change Secretariat, 2019).

Respect for present human rights agreements, commitments, conventions, and principles is necessary for effective climate action. The consequences of climate change are unfairly and unjustly felt by those who have contributed the least to it. Individuals must have access to effective treatments, be engaged in the fight against climate change, and stand to gain significantly from it. As a result, the key messages of the UN Human Rights Office's (OHCHR) (2015) Human Rights and Climate Change report emphasise the crucial duties and obligations of States and other duty-bearers (such as corporations), as well as the implications of these duties and obligations for climate change-related agreements, policies, and actions.

The UN Program has promised to keep the increase in global temperature to 1.5 degrees and, as a means of doing so, to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. The organisation claims that the endeavour needs to be completed quickly and cooperatively. It is a worldwide undertaking that calls for the best efforts from all countries, all businesses, and all individuals. The UN Climate Conference in 2019 offered a big chance to expedite that procedure. It brings together political and business leaders from all around the world to do more than just talk; it requires them to be specific about how they will help reduce CO2 emissions and safely prevent global warming above 1.5°C. 

(d) Importance of Awareness towards Climate Changes 

In their research, Calculli et al. (2020) focused on two key areas: “(a) awareness of the potential effects of climate change and environmental issues in each person's daily life; and (b) the connection between attitudes and pro-environmental behaviour”. Despite the study's results indicating a more pessimistic view of the threats posed by environmental crises, researchers were able to highlight how younger generations have a deeper understanding of environmental conditions and are committed to environmental recovery by adopting "good ecological practices" and "active ecological behaviours."

In their study to gauge secondary school student's knowledge of how climate change is affecting human health in Biratnagar, Gautam et al. (2021) discovered that only 50% of secondary school students in Biratnagar had enough knowledge of these consequences. As a result, they suggested that awareness be raised by including them in project work activities and reinforcing the curricular component.

The WHO focused on increasing awareness and, as a result, knowledge of the effects of climate change on health in its climate concern objectives for 2023. According to the organisation, such a process will encourage social support for the activities necessary to cut greenhouse gas emissions as well as a shift in behaviour. Also, it can assist in gaining the support of medical professionals for methods for mitigation and adaptation that will enhance health and decrease vulnerability. 

Many efforts on climate change and health are being included in the programmes of WHO/Europe. These include taking part in climate fora to put health issues front nd centre on the climate agenda, a full suite of policy briefs, guidelines, tools, and training resources, as well as advocacy campaigns and multimedia products aimed at both policy-makers and the general public. 

Figure 1: Impact of Global Warming on Environment and Human Civilization

Source: DROUET Emmanuel, 2019

Science is still improving our understanding of how the biosphere affects the climate system of the Earth. Most projections indicate a larger likelihood of negative effects of climate change on ecosystems and people. Because of this, “the 2018 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on 1.5°C cautions that permitting the earth to warm beyond 1.5°C will have negative effects on humans and biodiversity, including drought, floods, heat waves, and sea level rise” (Malhi et al., 2020).

People are negatively impacted by climate change in numerous ways. Climate change is a factor in population movements, a rise in disease and morbidity, and shortages of food and water. The vulnerable population is particularly heavily struck, including the elderly, indigenous people, and the poor. Many illnesses, specifically those brought on by pollution created by humans, are on the rise and pose a serious concern. Together with it, it has also been noted that climatic changes have an impact on people's mental health.

Recent climate change-related natural disasters have a major effect on the economy and human habitat. In addition, there are resource limitations that are harming businesses and industrial manufacturing activities. Examples of these shortages include water, minerals, natural substances derived from plants and animals, etc.

“The novelist, naturalist, and media personality Sir David Attenborough said in 2018 that inaction on climate change could result in the collapse of our civilizations. In their article, World Scientists Warning of a Climate Emergency 2021—which now has more than 14,700 signatories from 158 countries—William J. Ripple and colleagues state that climate change could cause significant disruptions to ecosystems, society, and economies, potentially making large areas of Earth uninhabitable” (Steel et al., 2022).

This article is meant to highlight the areas where climate change has a substantial impact on human life given the mounting concerns regarding these terrifying hazards to human civilization brought on by recent climatic shifts. Following the trail, elaborated together were mitigating techniques and these tendencies' potential futures.

The article makes a sincere effort to raise awareness about environmental protection and emphasise the significance of environmentally friendly practices. The primary goal of this essay is to demonstrate that widespread unethical environmental exploitation on the part of humans is causing irreparable harm and, if not stopped right away, may eventually lead to the eradication of human habitat.

The article is composed of sections that include, a review of the published academic works on climate change and their impacts on human civilization; a case study on Climate Changes and Consumers' Online Organic Food Shopping Trends in India; consequent findings and discussions based on the case study; and finally, the conclusion and future scope of the study.

Sensitive care is given to ensure that the article provides sufficient insight and motivations for further research in this area.

Case Study: Climate Changes and Consumers' Online Organic Food Shopping Trends in India

(a) Sustainability Aspects of Organic Food To Control Climate Changes

In India, organic farming is still in its infancy. The Union Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare estimates that as of March 2020, 2.78 million hectares of cropland were being farmed organically. This amounts to 2% of the nation's total net sown area of 140,1 million hectares. In addition to improving the socioeconomic standing of marginal farmers, organic farming is a comprehensive method that is good for the environment as well.

"Organic" was first used by Northbourne in his 1940 book "Look to the Land." Also described as “an ecological production management approach that fosters and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity, organic farming is done without the use of chemicals. Using on-farm crop production, biological, and mechanical methods in place of all synthetic off-farm inputs, organic agriculture is defined by the FAO as a unique production management system that promotes and enhances agro-ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity” (Sahu & Dubey, 2022).

Contrarily, conventional farming is a method of farming that boosts output and profits by using chemical fertilisers and synthetic pesticides. In conventional farming, substances such as synthetic hormones and fertilisers that speed up development are utilised, along with synthetic chemical pesticides and herbicides that can kill insects, weeds, and pests.

Scientific evidence indicates that traditional farming methods significantly contribute to human-caused climate change. Particularly in agriculture, large amounts of the potent greenhouse gases nitrous oxide and methane are released. Livestock creates methane during digestion as a result of enteric fermentation, which is then expelled through belches (Drishti, 2020).

According to research by economist Ashok Gulati, cattle farming and constantly irrigated and deep-water paddy cultivation in the states of “West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, and Bihar” are the sources of agriculture's greatest emissions. According to the 20th Livestock Census, 2019, India has 535.78 million animals, which is the greatest population of cattle in the world. According to government figures, livestock accounts for 78% of India's 24 million tonnes of total methane emissions.

The primary source of greenhouse gases is methane, which is released via agricultural processes and food systems. Reduced production of meat and dairy products would be necessary to keep Earth's temperature increase to 1.5C. Growing a lot of crops to feed livestock for meat and dairy has an impact on deforestation and carbon dioxide emissions. India's agricultural sector is responsible for 14% of the nation's overall greenhouse gas emissions, followed by energy (44%) and the combined manufacturing and construction sectors (18%). (Haq, 2021).

As synthetic pesticides, the majority of which have the potential to harm local terrestrial and aquatic animals, water, and soil, are prohibited in organic farming, it is believed that this practice is less harmful to the environment. Organic farms are more effective at conserving biodiversity than conventional farms because they use crop rotation strategies. When compared to conventional farming, soil that has undergone organic farming improvements has more organic matter, biomass, higher enzyme levels, better soil stability, improved water percolation, increased holding capacity, and less water and wind erosion.

Organic farming produces less waste and uses less energy per unit of land or yield. Moreover, organic farms produce more even during drought years due to the superior quality and water

retention characteristics of organically treated soils.

Organic vegetables typically have substantially lower nitrate contents than those that are conventional. Nitrates are used in agriculture as a fertiliser for the soil, but they can easily be changed into nitrites, which are dangerous to the general public's health. Nitrates, highly reactive nitrogen molecules that compete with oxygen in the blood for binding sites on haemoglobin, can result in methemoglobinemia.

The potent carcinogen nitrosamine is also created when it combines with the secondary amine. Organically grown foods are less likely to include pesticide residue and pathogenic particles like “Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella sp., or Escherichia coli” since they are grown without the use of pesticides and sewage sludge (Das et al., 2020). Organic foods, therefore, provide improved nutritional value and health protection. The pie chart below shows the crop variety grown by using organic farming processes in India as recorded in 2018

Figure 2: Organic Crops Grown in India as Recorded in 2018

Source: Jangid et al. (2018)

(b) Consumer Awareness Towards Eco-Friendly Organic Food Consumption

Modern organic farming methods will contribute to the development of an economically, nutritionally, and ecologically healthy nation because India is the world's largest producer of organic food (Sapna Parashar, 2019). With rising income levels, a growing focus on healthy eating, and changes in consumer behaviour, the nation's emerging organic food market is quickly becoming the fastest-growing in the world. Also, a growing export industry and government assistance have fueled a market that will further increase domestic demand for natural food items.

Production and marketing techniques as well as consumer readiness to pay a premium price are influenced by consumer perceptions and attitudes. Consumers might not be aware if a product was made using organic or conventional ways unless they are notified because organic items are credible goods. Because of this, customer buying decisions involving organic food must take into account consumer awareness and understanding.

Consumers choose organic goods because they think they are more hygienic, safe, and environmentally beneficial than conventional goods. Consumer preferences are influenced by factors like consumer health, food safety, and a variety of other product attributes like nutritive content, flavour, freshness, appearance, and other sensory attributes.

The amount of consumer knowledge of organic foods is influenced by several factors. According to research, consumer sociodemographic characteristics, food-buying habits, and nutritional intake may have an impact on consumers' identification of organic foods and their propensity to purchase them. High-income shoppers frequently purchase organic food to demonstrate their status and awareness.

Figure 3: Consumer Awareness and Perception Patterns Towards Organic Food

Source: Zheng et al. (2021)

The age issue does not appear to be a significant factor. Younger people, however, appear to be more aware of organic food and to be slightly more willing to pay for its purchase, according to a few surveys. According to numerous researchers, education is a crucial component of consumer awareness and the desire to buy organic food (Pandey, 2021).
Consumers with greater education are more likely to buy organic food. To be conscious of and buy organic food, a person must also consider their gender and the size of their household. Women are more likely than males to purchase organic food, both in terms of amount and frequency6. Families with fewer children are shown to be more conscious of organic food and to exhibit a willingness to pay a premium for it. Children in the household have a beneficial impact on the decision to buy organic food.

Because more people are concerned about their health, food safety, and the environment, there is a huge growth in the demand for ecologically friendly items like organic foods. 8. The attitude and behaviour of consumers towards organic foods have changed significantly as a result of increased awareness and understanding, and this is what is projected to fuel the market expansion for organic foods.

(c) Growth of Organic Food Online Shopping Trends Among Consumers in India

“According to the report, the Indian organic food market has experienced a boom, growing to a market size of $820 million in 2020 from just under $200 million in 2018, and is predicted to increase at a CAGR of 24% from 2021 to 2026”.

In the case study that follows, people in India are increasingly choosing to buy organic food online.

Case Study:  Organic World:  Consumer Online Organic Food Shopping Trends from This Bengaluru-Based Organic Retail Store

“While the epidemic upset global supply systems and distressed farmers everywhere, it has also encouraged consumers to switch to organic options. After the pandemic, people have become more aware of what they consume. They are choosing more organic options as a result of realising they can better control what they eat, according to Gaurav Manchanda, founder of The Organic World, an organic retail shop with headquarters in Bengaluru”.

According to Manchanda, “We anticipate a 75% rise in revenues this fiscal year, driven by an increase in the number of stores from 10 to 20 and a strong online presence." Omnichannel organic businesses have experienced great development as a result of individuals converting to online grocery shopping. While The Organic World's pre-covid revenue split was 5% online and 95% in-store” (Desai, 2021).

During Covid's peak, the ratio rose to 20% online and 80% in-store. the growing concerns regarding the presence of pesticides in frequently manufactured food. Due to growing worries about the use of pesticides in food products from conventional farming, the average Indian consumer is now more selective about what they eat. This has compelled businesses in the organic industry to come up with innovative plans to ensure that they meet the demands of their customers. For instance, The Organic World personally inspects the farms from where they acquire their products and grants them the label "organic-certified farm." They also own farms from which a sizeable portion of their farms, as well as a sizeable portion of their farm goods, are sourced.

Before being placed on the store shelves, each of their 2,000 products must pass a special "not on our aisle list." This ensures that none of the products we offer contains any of the potentially dangerous ingredients like artificial flavourings (MSG) that are listed on the "not in our gangway" list.

In this article, two approaches are utilized to explore and analyse the impacts of climate change on human civilization. They are (a) Systematic Literature Review; and (b) A Case Study on Consumer Online Organic Food Shopping Patterns in India. In its literature review part, the article has attempted to emphasize the growing adverse impacts of climate changes on human civilization, where, the most severe impacts are observed in health, economy and children's behavioural shifts. Accordingly, the article has stressed the urgency of enforcing climate change mitigation processes. Also, the role of climate change awareness among the public is given importance. Overall, the literature review critically analysed the counter-reactions of human activities that are causing unpredictable and abrupt climate changes that, in turn, are harming the human habitat itself. In the second part, that is the case study, consumer awareness of shopping for eco-friendly products is shown to be growing. The case study, which is centralized on online organic food buying trends shows that the climate change consciousness and awareness of using climate-safe products are particularly growing in number among youths and the educated urban population of India. Online shopping, which is now a recent popular trend includes purchasing options of organic food, where consumers can obtain the descriptions of the products and select their suitable items. Such features are beneficial in raising awareness of climate protection and the importance of consuming a healthy diet. Linked to the context, the benefit of organic farming over traditional chemical fertiliser-based farming is also elaborated in this case study. Among the man-made factors of climate change, chemical fertiliser-based farming practices are found to play a major role in greenhouse gas emission that is chiefly responsible for global warming. Therefore, alternate farming activities are highly recommended. Organic farming, although not much evolved in India, the purchasing trends of organic food products are showing significant growth and acceptance among educated and urban consumers for its chemical-free eco-friendly healthy processes. 

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