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| Decline of Backward Classes | |||||||
| Paper Id :
17661 Submission Date :
17/03/2023 Acceptance Date :
22/03/2023 Publication Date :
25/03/2023
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| Abstract | In view of the recent upsurge of interest in Other Backward Classes, it may be timely to reflect on how this term became a category for public policy in India and what its possible meaning is. The adversely backward classes in every aspect of life were pushed back even if they were showing their talents just because of their identity. | ||||||
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| Keywords | Backward Class, Policy, Society, Varna System, Rules. | ||||||
| Introduction |
What are Backward Classes?
The Backward Class is a collective term used by the Government of India to classify castes which are educationally or socially backward. It is one of several official classifications of the population of India, along with General castes, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. |
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| Aim of study | 1. To Study about the Social and Economical aspects of Backward Classes. 2. To Study about necessary Rights and Priorities of Backward Classes. | ||||||
| Review of Literature | Author has reviewed various Journals, books and other Study material as part of the Literature Review. she had gone through several literatures and tried to understand the recent changes or development in the media. |
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| Main Text | Division of the Backward Classes Under the Backward Classes Bureau, the Ministry is mandated to look after the welfare of Backward Classes, by implementing the schemes for Backward Classes. The Ministry also deals with the National Backward Classes Commission, which was set up in 1993.The Commission takes the advice to the Ministry in respect of castes, sub-castes, and communities for the central list of Other Backward Classes.I Backward Classes means such backward classes of citizens other than the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes as may be specified by purposes of making provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of backward classes citizens in the opinion of which that Government, adequately represented in the services under the Government of India and any local or other authority. Commission tenders an advice to the Ministry in respect of all the classes. The affairs of Backward Classes were looked after by the Backward Classes Cell in the Ministry of Home Affairs prior to 1985. With the creation of a separate Ministry of Welfare in 1985 the matters relating to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes and Minorities were transferred to the new Ministry. Consequent upon the creation of two separate ministries for Scheduled Tribes and Minorities, the subject matter pertaining to these two categories were transferred to the respective Ministries. The Backward Classes Division in the Ministry looks after the policy, planning and implementation of programmes relating to social and economic empowerment of OBCs. It also looks after matters relating to two institutions set up for the welfare of OBCs namely as:- National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC). National Backward Classes Finance and Development Corporation (NBCFDC). The National Commission for Backward Classes Act, 1993. This Act may be called the National Commission for Backward Classes Act, 1993. It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir."It shall be deemed to have come into force on the 1st day of February, 1993. Acts and Rules In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires— “backward classes” means such backward classes of citizens other than the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes. “Commission” means the National Commission for Backward Classes constituted under the “lists” means lists prepared by the Government of India from time to time for purposes of making provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of backward classes of citizens “THE NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR BACKWARD CLASSES" Scheduled Caste Scheduled Castes are a part of the Indian society that has had to deal with oppression and discrimination in the past and on several occasions; although in the Indian Constitution everyone is equal under the law and order. According to the Constitutional Order, only marginalized Hindu communities can be considered as Scheduled Castes. Sometimes referred to as ‘Dalits,’ people of the Scheduled Castes are regarded as untouchables even today. The Hindu varna system states that there are four major varnas, namely, the Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras. Those who belong to one of those four varnas are called ‘savarna.’ However, the Scheduled Castes are often regarded as ‘avarnas’ or people who do not fall into the category of these four varnas. Scheduled Tribes Like those who belong to Scheduled Castes, those classified as Scheduled Tribes have also had a long history of oppression and struggle in the society. They, too, are ‘avarnas’ and are given the name ‘Scheduled’ as they fall under one of the schedules of the Constitution of India. Adivasis usually comprise the Scheduled Tribes. Other Backward Classes The term ‘OBC’ stands for ‘other backward classes’ (castes), used for the first time in the Mandal Commission’s report in 1980.OBCs are the castes that fall between the three higher varnas and the Dalits (Scheduled Castes) and Adivasis (Scheduled Tribes), and they account for roughly half of the Indian population. In the beginning, they were classified as ‘Shudras’ under the traditional varna (caste) system, The lowest of the ‘clean’ castes. The Hindu caste system is divided into multiple levels according to the origin and history of our ancestors beyond the usual ‘varna system’. The Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes differ from the typical varna system. These castes and tribes are collectively known as backward classes because of their long history of struggle for equal rights in Indian society. They have been socially and economically disadvantaged and continue to be so in some parts of the country. However, people from other classes are gradually understanding and learning to give them back their place in society with all due respect. The practice of reservation by the government ensures that a certain number of people from these backward classes can secure admissions and get stable jobs in government sectors. |
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| Conclusion | The Indian Constitution does not describe the backward classes. Instead, they define them as academically and economically underprivileged people in other social categories. The National Commission for Backward Classes was a governmental body investigating complaints and welfare measures concerning socially and educationally disadvantaged persons. The President established a body called the Welfare Department for the Backward Classes. It is for the benefit of the backward classes, who were allowed to analyze their educational and social problems by selecting a commission. | ||||||
| References | 1. Madan G.R.: Sociology of Development, Vivek Prakash, New Delhi
2. Ghurye G.S.: Caste and Class in India, Popular Book Depo. Bombay
3. Ghurye G.S.: Caste Class and Occupation, Popular Book Depo. Bombay
4. Gandhi M.K: The Removal of Untouchability, Nav Jivan Publishing House Ahmedabad
5. Majumdar D.N: Races and Cultures of India
6. Ram Ahuja: Indian Society, Rawat Publication Jaipur |
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