Rohingya are muslims from Arakan state of Myanmar. According to Yegar, ‘the Arakanese Muslims call themselves Rohingya or Roewengyah, which means the ‘dear ones,’ the compassionate ones or those who believe in the mutilation of words Rwa-haung-ga-kar, ‘tiger’ from the ancient village which means brave and was a name given to Muslim soldiers who settled in Buthidaung’ (Bhonsale, 2015).

It is critical to acknowledge that for Rohingya, relocating is a difficult process that takes time and effort. Moving to a new location can be tough for anybody, but refugees have additional challenges that must be overcome, such as learning the language, establishing a support system, finding work, finding accommodation, adjusting to a new culture, etc. Individuals need to adapt to changes in their own personalities as well as those brought on by shifts in their socioeconomic surroundings (Singh, Edbor, & Dingra, 2017). This study has analysed the process of home adjustment of Rohingya at their place of destination i.e. Jammu city which is the Union Territory of India.

Forced migration

There are various reasons for forced migration of any community. Political or religious persecutions, as well as other coercive factors like partition, are the root causes of forced migration (Castles, 2003). Migration that results from some sort of compulsion or threat to wellbeing or survival emerging in conditions ranging from violent conflict to severe economic hardship (Bartram, Poros, & Monforte, 2014. As a result, many were forced to flee their home countries in search of safety abroad, leaving them without a state and turning them into refugees (Uddin, 2020).

Adjustment

Adjusting to a new place can be challenging for anyone, but refugees face a unique set of difficulties like language learning, building a support network, employment, housing, cultural adjustment etc.

The nature of this paper is descriptive. Data has been collected using Snowball sampling and Purposive sampling approaches. For this investigation, both primary and secondary data were utilised. Since numerous Rohingya have been residing in Jammu city for the past ten or twelve years, these individuals served as the respondents for this research. In this work, secondary data sources such as books, journal articles, papers, government manuals, and magazines pertaining to the topic of study have also been consulted. Through the use of a semi-structured interview schedule, primary data was obtained. SPSS software has also been used for the analysis of results and data. In this study, respondents are selected by using purposive sampling. Due to the fact that it denotes the deliberate selection of sample units that meet specific predetermined criteria, purposely, only those respondents have been selected who have been staying there for more than five years. Accordingly, a sample of 70 respondents who are the head of the family was chosen from Jammu city and interviewed. Moreover, the translator's help has also been sought as and when required to interview the respondents who did not know the local language.

In order to collect primary data for this study, the researcher employed a semi-structured interview schedule in the field while documenting respondents' answers. In interviews with individuals who did not speak Hindi or English as their first language, translators have also been engaged. Using programmes like SPSS and Microsoft Office Word/Excel, the collected data were coded and tabulated prior to analysis.

Forced Migration

The military approach that the government of Myanmar has been seeking for this problem has shown to be extremely ineffective over time.  Actually, over time, it has made things worse. The offensives become extremely deadly at the start of this year, killing thousands of civilians and driving an equal number of refugees to China and Thailand (Chaturvedi, 2012). When an estimated 3,000–4,000 Rohingya were discovered protesting in May 2012 and demanding legal protection and aid, as well as the UNHCR documentation that would have given them refugee cards, made this community visible. The Rohingya have been arriving in India gradually since the late 1970s. For a few years, they were unknown (Chaudhury & Samaddar, 2015).

Housing adjustment and challenges related to it

This study analysed the process of home adjustment of Rohingya at their place of destination i.e. Jammu city which is the Union Territory of India. Put simply, it refers to the manner in which they are coping with and fulfilling their requirements from the social and physical surroundings of the host community, namely Jammu City, as well as the difficulties they encounter in doing so. Forced migrants first sought for temporary housing after being uprooted in camps, emergency shelters, or on a leasing basis with host families. These accommodations are often basic and provide limited privacy and comfort. As forced migrants seek more permanent solutions, they may move into transitional housing facilities. They may also face various challenges at their place of destination including housing adjustment. Information has been collected from the respondents about the type of house they are living in. Table, type of house or accommodation of Respondents is given as under:

After the analysis of data it was revealed that 74.2 percent of the respondents were living in the katch house or house made up of mud, wooden etc. and only a few were living in pacca house that was 5.8 percent and rest 20 percent were in semi built houses. Respondents also told that they have been facing various challenges and problems related to their houses at their place of destination. Housing adjustment for forced migrants can be a complex and challenging process, often involving various stages and considerations. For example, affordability, discrimination, legal barriers, language and cultural differences etc affordability migrants, especially those with limited financial resources, may struggle to afford housing in their destination country. High rental costs and housing prices relative to income levels can pose significant barriers to accessing suitable accommodation. Discrimination refers to migrants face discrimination from landlords or property owners based on factors such as ethnicity, nationality, or immigration status. Discriminatory practices can limit housing options and perpetuate social exclusion and marginalization. Legal Barriers: Legal restrictions, such as residency requirements or documentation criteria, can impede migrants' access to housing. In some cases, migrants may lack the necessary documentation to rent or purchase property legally, leaving them vulnerable to exploitation and housing insecurity. Language and cultural differences migrants who are unfamiliar with the local language or cultural norms may encounter challenges in communicating with landlords, understanding rental agreements, or navigating housing regulations. Language barriers can hinder effective communication and exacerbate issues related to housing access and integration.

1. Abdelkader, E. (2014). Myanmar's Democracy struggle: The impact of communal violence upon Rohingya women and youth . Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal, Vol. 23, No. 3 , 511–542. Available at: https://digitalcommons.law. uw.edu/ wilj/vol23/iss3/4.

2. Ahuja, R. (2001). Research Methods. New Delhi: Rawat Publication.

3. Barany, Z. (2019). The Rohingya Predicament.: Why Myanmarʹs Army Gets Away with Ethnic Cleansing. Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI). http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep19683

4. Bartram, D., Poros, M. V., & Monforte, P. (2014). Key Concepts in Migration. New delhi: Sage Publication India Pvt. Ltd.

5. Bhatia, A. (2021). The discursive construction of legitimacy in the abrogation of Indian Constitution's Article 370. Journal of Pragmatics, Volume 183, 132-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2021.07.009.

6. Bhonsale, M. S. (2015). Evolution of the Arakan 'problem' in Burma. Indian History Congress , 631-636.

7. Castles, S. (2003). Towards a Sociology of Forced Migration and Social Transformation. Sociology, Vol. 37, No. 1 , 13-34.

8. Chaturvedi, M. (2012). Myanmar’s Ethnic Divide: The Parallel Struggle. Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep09338

9. Chaudhury, S. B., & Samaddar, R. (2015). Rohingyas: The emergence of a stateless community. Kolkatta: Mahanirban Calcutta Research Group.

10. Gronlund, C. Alstad. (2016).Refugees in Exodus: Statelessness and Identity A Case Study of Rohingya Refugees in Aceh, Indonesia (Master's thesis,. University of Agder)

11. Constantine, G. (2016). Exiled to Nowhere: Burma’s Rohingya. Retrieved 05.11.2016 from http://www.exiledtonowhere.com/#mi=1&pt=0&pi=10&p=-1&a=0&at=0

12. Islam, Md Saiful & Sahin Ali. (2023).  Impact of Forcibly Displaced People's Identity Crisis on Host State’s Security: The Case of Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh. Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. , 8(4): 80-91.DOI: 10.36348/sjhss.2023.v08i04.002.

13. Koser Akcapar, S. (2017). South Asian Refugees in India. Society and Culture in South Asia , 123-131.

14. Kyaw, N. N. (2020). Myanmar in 2019. Southeast Asian Affairs, 235-254. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26938893.

15. Lee, E. S. (1966). A theory of migration. Demography, Vol 3, No. 1 , 47-57.

16. Mithun, M. B. (2018). Ethnic conflict and violence in Myanmar. International Journal on Minority and Group Rights, 467-63.

17. Mohajan, H. K. (2018). History of Rakhine State and the origin of the Rohingya Muslims. IKAT: The Indonesian Journal of Southeast Asian Studies Volume 2, Issue 1, 19-46. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/88186/.

18. Moore, W. H., & Shellman, S. M. (2004). Fear of persecution: Forced migration, 1952-1995. The journal of Conflict Resolution, , 723-745.

19. Scot, J., & Marshall, G. (2009). Oxford Dictionary of Sociology. New York: Oxford Univesity Press.

20. Simpson, A., & Farrelly, N. (2020). The Rohingya crisis and questions of accountability. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 74:5, 486494. DOI: 10.1080/10357718.2020.1813251.

21. Singh, Dr. P. E., Dr. Anjali Dingra, Dr. Jatanbir Singh. (2017). Home, health, social, and emotional adjustment among first year college going students. Volume-6, Issue-3, 100-14.

22. Uddin, N. (2020). The Rohingya An Ethnography of 'Subhuman' Life. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.