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The meaning of water catchment area,the water catchment area of Jawai dam, the location and expansion of Jawai dam,geographical surroundings of Jawai dam, study of population, density, gender ratio, scheduled tribes, social, cultural, religious, economic and political development, importance of Jawai dam for agriculture and drinking water, eco-tourism, eco-system, wildlife development, drinking water schemes and solutions to problems.

The objective of this paper is to study the Jawai Dam’s water catchment area and population increase in it's geographical context.

Jawai dam catchment area has become a hotspot of eco-tourism. Tourist from all across the global are visiting this area for leopard sighting. Nature trails have been developed by the forest department. jungal sufaris are being organized by the hotel located in this area. Paying guest facilities for indian and foreign tourists is now available in many villages like Sena and Beda. It is becoming a major source of livelihood for the villagers. There is a nature lake called the pandya lake ( named after the Pandvas ) near Sena. It formed by three hills surrounding the lack throughout year. Recently the sarpanch of Sena has written to the tourist department of rajasthan to beautify the lake so that it may attract a lot of tourists.Paying guest facilities proving to be boon for this area. There is Agriculture market in Sumerpur located in the Jawai Dam catchment area. That's why agriculture is prospering in this area. The farmers can easily transport their yields to the market (mandi) to sell them at best prices. Cotton, Mustard and wheat are the major crops in this area. Sumerpur is the heart of this area. There are many industries and manufacturing unites based on agricultural products located in and around Sumerpur. Edible oil industry is the main industry of this area. Almost all tractor companies have their showrooms in Sumerpur. Indian railways has played a leading role in the development of this area by providing this area access to delhi and Bombay. The railway line from Bombay to Delhi passes through this area live in maharastra for their livelihood. They go to Bombay and Pune by the trains. Sumerpur is also located at National Highway No 14 which gives it access to many Indian cities. These are many stone mines in this area near Koliwara and Biroliya village. Over all this area is very prosperous in terms of agriculture, industry, transport and naturalbeauty and water resources.

Nature and Area

Jawai dam is situated 10 kms from Sumerpur between 25.07 north latitude and 73.15 eastern latitude.Jawai dam is also a small village although it has no connection to it.Its mere a coincidence.It is on the Ajmer-Ahmadabad railway line.It is home to many species of animals and birds.Bio-diversity is ample here.

Jawai River and water resources

River jawai originates from Goria village situated in the Arawalis To supply water into the dam a project named Sei project was completed on the river Sei.Sei dam and Kalibor dam are the feeder dams of Jawai dam Near Kotada in Udaipur Vakal 1 and Vakal 2 dams are proposed.When the dam is empty Jawai refill project is started. A tunnel of 72kms is underway to direct water in the dam from the basin of the river Sabarmati.On completion of the tunnel 6500 mcft water will be directed towards Jawai dam.

Soil

In jawai drainage area black,mold and alluvial soils are found Many types of  winter and kharif crops are produced in these soils.

Agricuture

In this area soil is fertile.So bumper production of cumin, custard, mustard, wheat, cotton, oat is harvested. The kiers harvests the crops of tomato, kakadi, watermelon, cabbage, cauliflower and genda in the dry part of the river.These crops increase the beauty of the river. The facility of sufficient drinking water and irrigation has increased the production of crops leading to establishment of  agriculture markets in Shivganj, Sumerpur, Falna and Rani.

Population

This area is inhabited by small and villages and towns like Sumerpur, Shivganj, Falna, Koliwara, Bisalpur, Bamnera, Perwa, Bali, Posaliya, Tagatgarh, Paldi etc.The villages in the catchment area of Jawai dam are well developed and economically and socially strong.

Caste and Tribal

This area is inhabited by different Hindu castes like Janwa, Rajput, Sirvi, Dewasi and Lohar which are engaged in traditional jobs and agriculture. The hills of the Arawali are inhabited by tribes like Bheel, Meena and Garasiya engaged in production and selling of forest based products.The Garasiyas are dominant among the tribals. They are dependent on agriculture and hunting.The Garasiyas sell forest based products like seasonal fruits like custard apples,jamuns,bers etc to earn their livelihood Some of them are engaged in sculpture.

Social and Cultural Life

The costumes, jewelery, religious and social traditions and ways of living related to the tribal people of this area attracts the attention of tourists. They have protected their age old traditions till date.

Tourism and Eco Tourism

The height of Jawai dam is 62 feet. When the dam is full and overflowing the view is magnificent and scenic. Thousands of people come daily to visit the place. They are spellbound by the sweet voice of different birds, eye-soothing flowers, full flowing Jawai river and the greenery of the surrounding hills. According the forest department of Rajasthan and Asian bird census 2019 atleast 63 species of Indian and migratory birds were seen from the 1^st of January to the 10^th of January. This time 600 common cranes and 400 flamingos were seen. Water birds like cormorants also come here. They present a beautiful scene when they get together on a huge rock. The migratory birds and crocodiles bothering in the sun together create a very beautiful scene. The govt. has declared Jawai area as a crocodile conservation area. Jawai area is also world famous for its leopards roaming freely on its hills. We can see the jawai leopards in the hill of the village of Perwa anytime. Discovery channel has prepared a documentary on the jawa leopards. As compared to the Jawai area the number of leopards is higher in the Kumbhalgarh wild life sanctuary. But Jawai leopards are different in the sense that they wander in community. Here in the jungles cranes, ducks, hyenas, leopards, bears, jackals, chinkaras, neelgay and many other wild animals may be seen. The Ranakpur Jawai festival was celebrated in the join collaboration of Pali district administration and the tourism department of Rajasthan from 21^st of December to 22^nd of December 2018.On the premises of the Surya Temple of Ranakpur many programs like Yoga, classical dance, Bhajan, nature trails and Jeep riding were held.

The area surround Jawai dam,its catchment area,the hills surrounding the dam,the flora and fauna all put together creates a natural ecological system.Crocodiles and leopards have made this area a hotspot of eco-tourism.The cultural,religious and social life of the tribal people also attracts the tourists.Fertile soil and ample availability of water helps produce bumper production of crops making this area a prosperous one.

1.Jawai Dam Pali (PDF) Water Portal Commencement, 13 Sep 2017 2. Census of India 2001 data from the 2001 census including cities,villages and town(provisional) 3. Irrigation by different sources District Pali. 4. Demographic Geography, Dr R C Chandna 5. Geography of Rajasthan, Dr H S Sharma

Jawai dam’s water catchment area and population increase in its geographical context.