It has replaced the previous National policy on Education 1986.The policy is a result of anextensive study to provide in all- inclusive framework for Primary education to higher as well as vocational training in both rural and urban India. The aim of the policy is to transform India’s education system by the year 2030.

In the year 1950 a planning commission was appointedto frame the blueprint of different aspects of life including education.In 1961, the Union government formed the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) as an autonomous organisation that would advise both the Union and state governments on formulating and implementing education policies.

The Kothari Commission was formed by Govt of India on 14^th July 1964 in order to review the present state of education system then that commission consisted of twenty members who were the experts of u kusa Japan Sweden and France.The result of the commission concluded that Indian education system did not prepare the learners for their career path and the change is needed f or the future improvement.

In order to understand India’s new education Policy 2020. We must first go through the history of Indian education system post-independence. Understand the national policy on education1986. In the year (1964 – 66), University Grants Commission and the Kothari Commission developed the proposals to modernise India’s education system..

The National Policy on Education (NPE) was adopted by Parliament in May 1986. A committee was set up under the chairmanship of Acharya Ramamurti in May 1990 to review NPE and to makerecommendations for its modifications. That Committee submitted its report in December 1990. ³

A committee was set up in July 1991 under the chairmanship of Shri N. Janardhana Reddy, Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, to make recommendations regarding modifications to be made in the NPE on the basis of the recommendation of the committee.

Under the National Policy on Education (NPE), 1986 envisaged to conduct of a common entranceexamination on all India basis for technical education. Three – Exam Scheme (JEE and AIEEE at the National Level and the State Level Engineering Entrance Examinations (SLEEE) for State Level Institutions with an option to join AIEEE).

Afterlong gap of 34 years in the year 2019, the then Ministry of Human Resource Development and now the Ministry of Education released a Draft New Education Policy 2019, which was followed by a number of public consultations. 

1. An Empirical Study on NEP 2020 [National Education Policy] with Special Reference to the Future of Indian Education System and Its effects on the Stakeholders:JMEIT

It is an empirical study on the National Education Policy 2020 and its effects on the Indian education system and its stakeholders. The author conducted a survey of 1000 respondents, including students, parents, teachers, and educationalists, to assess their awareness and opinions on the NEP 2020. empirical study on the National Education Policy 2020 and its effects on the Indian education system and its stakeholders. The author conducted a survey of 1000 respondents, including students, parents, teachers, and educationalists, to assess their awareness and opinions on the NEP 2020.

2. Venkateshwarlu, B. (2021). A critical study of NEP 2020: Issues, approaches, challenges, opportunities and criticism. Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal, 10(2), 1-10.

3. Kumar, A. (2021). New education policy (NEP) 2020: A roadmap for India 2.0. In W. B. James, C. Cobanoglu, & M. Cavusoglu (Eds.), Advances in global education and research (Vol. 4, pp. 1–8). USF M3 Publishing.

4. International Journal of Business and Management Research. (n.d.). Submit article. Retrieved from https://ijbmr.forexjournal.co.in/submit-article.php

This article analyzes the NEP 2020 and its impact on higher education in India. It also discusses the challenges and opportunities of implementing the policy, such as the funding, infrastructure, teacher training, and digital divide. The article suggests that the NEP 2020 is a step in the right direction, but its success will depend on the government’s ability to address the hurdles of implementation.

Since this is an empiricalstudy , the data collection sources are Primary and secondary and has been collected from Govt website , published articles etc.

A random sampling was conducted in an University and a total sample size was 30 in which 21 respondents participated in the survey and completed the questionnaire.

Significance of the study

1. This study holds significance as it would help to understand the major highlights of the NEP 2020.

2. It would also provide an insight into the basic awareness level of the NEP drafts among the academicians and students.

3. Animportant steps at the University or school level can be taken to educate the people about its major highlights and about its implementation programs in the coming years.

4. Importance of formative years-   Recognising the importance of formative years the policy has made provisions for the necessary learning condition like nutritious food and experts in various discipline.

5. Vocational courses in school curriculum – Introduction of vocational courses to the school curriculum will  encourage the disadvantaged sections to add value in the education.

6. Universal education- expansion of the universal education from the age of 6- 14 years to 3- 18 years has been the remarkable step in the education system.

7. Three language formula – The suggestion has been made to teach in 3 languages mother tongue / local languages ,which has  made this policy different from all the previous amendments. This will help in breaking the illogical hysteria towards English medium schools.

8. Recognition of socio-economically backward areas – The need of such communities have been recognised and its inclusion in the main stream has been the most important steps taken for over all development of the society.

1. Approval- It has been approved by the Union Cabinet of India on July 28th 2020.

It aims to provide flexibility in the curriculum, focus on vocational training with internships during the school, it also promotes the use of technology in education, and ensure continuous teacher training and professional development. Ever since it has released , it has become the debatable topic among stakeholders , some finds it a major reform and some are raising concerns about its implementation.

2. Approach- This policy has a very clear vision i.e transforming theIndian  traditional rote- learning education approach to the cognitive and analytical based learning . It facilitates skill development and creativity.

3. Early child care and education –A research states that over 85% of a child’s cumulative brain development occurs prior to the age of 6. Acknowledging the same it is ensured under the policy thathealthy brain development and growth would the prime focus and hence the current form of 10+2 structure is planned to be  transformed to new 5+3+3+4 structure so the early childhood care is implemented from the age of 3 years.

4. Foundational literacy- There has been a various reports published , that states there are large no of students who have not attended foundational literacy and numeracy. The  Priority of the education system is to achieve universal foundational literacy and numeracy in primary school by 2025 and for which A National Curricular and Pedagogical Framework for Early Childhood Care and Education (NCPFECCE) will be developed by NCERT in two parts (0-3 and 3-8).⁴

5. Pupil teacher Ratio- The (PTR) will be kept under 30:1 at the level of each school and 25:1 for socio-economically backward areas. In  addition to midday meals a nutritious and energising breakfast will be provided for productive study of cognitive subject.

6. Improving GER( Gross enrolment ratio) –There has been a significant amount of drop out after Grade 5 and  Grade 8 as per the report which has deprived the previous policy to attain its set goals , this policy targets to achieve 100% Gross Enrolment Ratio in preschool to secondary level by 2030.

7. Holistic approach –Students will be offered a wide choice of subjects and discipline , the progress card will be redesigned with 360 degree approach , which would reflect the uniqueness of each students.

8. Higher education - Higher education plays a very prominent role in human development as a whole. It contributes towards sustainable livelihoods as India moves towards a knowledge economy , higher education aspirants will increase in numbers.

There has been a major problems in our existing policy and hence NEP has brought various reforms by ending the fragmentation of higher education and transforming higher education institutions into large multidisciplinary universities, colleges, and HEI clusterswith the aim of having 3000 students each.

The undergraduate degree will be of 3 or 4-year duration, with multiple exit options within this period, with appropriate certifications with the digital establishment of ABC ( Academic Bank Credit)

1. socio-economically disadvantaged group (SEDGs)- The major attraction of the policy is the inclusion of disadvantaged groups such astransgenders ,inorder to  enhance the gender balance , an appropriate fund is allotted for the education to such groups.

2. Minimum qualification - By 2030, the minimal degree qualification for school teachers would be the 4-year integrated B.Ed.  offered by multidisciplinary HEIs.

3. Higher Education Commission of India (HECI)- Under this policy government’s move is to set up the Higher Education Commission of India (HECI)as a single umbrella body for the entire higher education (excluding medical and legal education). Both private and public higher education institutions will be governed by the same set of norms for regulation, accreditation and academic standards.⁵

Challenges to be faced by NEP 2020

With  various opportunity comes different challenges which needs to be addressed on priority basis to achieve the set goals.

1. The insufficient teachers training institutions in the country can impose a major challenge in successful implementation of the policy as the institutes which is presently running is for  profit motive and  is insufficient to cater the needs of quality teachers training.

2. To break the monopoly of the English medium and coaching classes culture is not the easy task specially where education has been commercialised till such an extent , it will require lots of effort and political will.

3. The policy is criticised for no exam till 7^th and 8^th std which will result tothe no outcome of the learnings ,and it can prove to be the major drawback of the policy.⁶

4. The introduction of the free breakfast will add on extra fiscal burden on the government who is already facing the issues with inefficient mid-day meal scheme.

5. The increase in the budget spent on education to 6 % of the GDP might not be as effective as there has been an increase demand for budget expenditure on defence and other sectors too. The previous commission on education had also failed to achieve the set target.

6. The gap between the skills and knowledge imparted and the job availability will pose a potent challenge specially when we are in the era of Artificial Intelligence .¹

Data analysis and Interpretation

As per the survey Data was collected on the basis of the responses collected on the various questions put up in the questionnaire.

Demographic and personal Information

1.

The survey was conducted in which total of 33.3% male and 66.7% Female had participated to answer the NEP related awareness question. Total responses collected was 21,that shows people has been quite not interested in the survey even after belonging to the academic field, which clearly is not a good sign.

2.  Age group

Maximum participants in the survey belongs to the age group of 29 years to 39 years which accounts for 42.9% , where as 38 %  falls under the age group of 18years to 28 years followed by 19% of the participants fall under 39 and above category. That shows most of the youngsters were covered in the survey and their participation shows there participation shows, they have been quite enthusiastic about the New policies related to the education.

3. Education

Maximum participants that is  47.6 % was post Doctorate , 33.3% was graduate and 14.3%  belonged to the other professional courses.As the researcher expected to get the Maximum participantsfrom the Doctorate and post Doctorate category which is an essential elements of this awareness research.

4. Awareness about new Education Policy

When asked about if they are aware about the New education Policy and have heard about it ,majority of them that is 95.2 % participants were aware about the implementation of the NEP. Which is quite a positive response.

5. NEP system

When asked about the new system which has replaced the old one almost 81% of the participants answers the question correctly , which is quite satisfactory as it states that people are well  versed with the most basic foundation of the policy.

6. When asked about std from which the vocational course is introduced.

Only 42.9% of the participants could only answer it correct, which means most of the people who belong to the education sector has not read the draft completely and is less informed, that certainly put question on their zeal to be updated, and their least interest in its significance and importance.

Only 47.6% of the participants could give the correct answer , which is again a disappointment as these were the major highlights in the NEP and is expected to be known by the post Doctorate candidates. Alsoits unawareness raises question on their assessment mechanism if the NEP has been implemented in the institute.

52.4% participants could give the correct ratio ,rest had two different options which was again not satisfying while measuring the awareness, as such question forms a part of general awareness to the participants who belongs to the education sector.

9. Target of achieving the Gross enrolment ratio by which year

Only 57% of participants could give correct answer, which was expected to be known by maximum participants as by far many seminars have been conducted on the same on various platforms. That shows respondents have less access or less motivation towardsattending the National and International Seminars on the current issues.

Hypothesis testing

Two samples Fishers t- test is applied

Male- 15

Female- 6

Sample 1 Population mean = 50 % which is 9

Sample 2 population mean = 50% which is  6

Assumed population mean

Table 1.1

Table 1.2

Degree of Freedom ,df= 21-1= 20

t1 + t2= 0.187

The tabulated value of t for 20 df at 5 % level of significance for two tailed test is 2.086

since the calculated value t i.e 0.187 ,is less than the tabulated value of t , hence Null hypothesis may be accepted at 5 % level of significance.

1. Venkateshwarlu, B. (2021). A critical study of NEP 2020: Issues, approaches, challenges, opportunities and criticism. Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal, 10(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.34293/education.v10i2.3640

2. International Journal of Business and Management Research. (n.d.). Submit article. Retrieved from https://ijbmr.forexjournal.co.in/submit-article.php.

3. Kingdon, G. G., Chaudhary, R., & Chakraborty, S. (2021). India’s new national education policy: Evidence, challenges, and opportunities. RISE Programme.

4. Muralidharan, K., & Singh, A. (2021, October 14). India’s New National Education Policy: Evidence and Challenges. RISE Programme Insight Note.

5. Kumar, A. (2021). New education policy (NEP) 2020: A roadmap for India 2.0. In W. B. James, C. Cobanoglu, & M. Cavusoglu (Eds.), Advances in global education and research (Vol. 4, pp. 1–8). USF M3 Publishing.

6. Kumar, A. (2021). New education policy (NEP) 2020: A roadmap for India 2.0. In W. B. James, C. Cobanoglu, & M. Cavusoglu (Eds.), Advances in global education and research (Vol. 4, pp. 1–8). USF M3 Publishing.