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Effect on Blood Pressure on the Selected Asanas on Untrained Persons |
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| Paper Id :
19015 Submission Date :
2024-06-10 Acceptance Date :
2024-06-23 Publication Date :
2024-06-25
This is an open-access research paper/article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.12635574 For verification of this paper, please visit on
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| Abstract |
Aim of this study was
to find out the effect on Blood Pressure (BP) in the final position of selected
asanas. This study was limited to the 16 selected asanas and also to the untrained
male of different ages. Total 111 subjects were selected for the study from the
different cities. The selected subjects have knowledge of asanas. The pre data
was measured in the laying position and post data was measured in the final
position of asana. T – test was used to analyze the data. The result of this
study indicates that systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure was increased
in all asanas except in Tadasana, Parvatasana, Makarasana and Shavasana, in
these Asanas blood pressure was decrease or lower than the normal. |
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| Keywords | Systolic Blood Pressure, Untrained person, Diastolic Blood Pressure. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Introduction | All human being have
blood and it flow in entire body through the blood vessels with the certain
pressure. This pressure is created due to the contraction of heart. The movement of blood in the body is a result
of pressure gradient. This means blood flows from a point of high pressure to
low pressure. In the systematic circulatory system, the point of highest
pressure occurs in the left ventricle during systole, and the difference
between this point and the lowest pressure point in the right atrium is the
driving force that causes blood to flow throughout the entire systematic
circulation. Blood pressure is the
pressure caused by the blood against the wall of the blood vessels. This
pressure is created due to the rhythmic activity of heart known as cardiac
cycle. In cardiac cycle process heart contract and relax alternately and
rhythmically. When heart contract it passes the blood into blood vessels and
the pressure in the arteries reach to the peak point which is known as systolic
blood pressure. In relax condition of heart the blood in the blood vessels
create least pressure which is known as diastolic blood pressure. In normal condition heart works normally and
blood pressure will also be normal. But when condition or situation changes and
heart comes extra work load this pressure is increase accordingly. When condition
or situation changes to normal the heart comes to normal and blood pressure
also return to normal condition. On the basis of previous
researches and available literature it is concluded that blood pressure was affected
by training and exercise. Beside this blood pressure was also influenced by
posture, age, emotion, gender, physical health, and atmosphere. Posture and age
is important factors out of these factors. In present scenario
peoples are more conscious for their health. So they do something for their
good health some of them prefer exercise, walking and practicing asanas. Asanas
are nothing only they are different type of body pattern which is called
posture and in yoga it is called as Asanas
In asanas people mold
body in different postures and maintain it for some time which is depend on
their capacity. According to the available literature there are eighty four
lakhs asanas. Asanas are nothing but the pattern of sitting of different
species used by them for comfortable sitting. According to the Patanjali “Sthir
– Sukham – Asaman” that mean steady and comfort sitting position is known as
asanas. All most every asanas might be influenced the blood pressure in different
ways. Every asanas creates pressure or changes on human body and it may be
varied for every asanas. This pressure/ changes are temporary or permanent.
Permanent changes can be visible after long practice but temporary changes can
be visible immediately or during the performance. So effect of any activity on
human being could be studied from two angles i.e. the immediate effect/ change
and long term effect/ change. The immediate effect/ change of any activity was
more than the long term effect/ change. In the same way these effects are
different in trained and untrained persons. In trained person these changes are very less
but in untrained person these changes are high. Due to these points researcher
motivates to conduct a study. |
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| Objective of study | To check the immediate
effect on blood pressure in the final position of asanas on untrained person
this study was conducted and its objective was to (1) compare the post data and
pre data mean of each asanas, (2) compare the combine post data means of each
asana. |
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| Review of Literature | Pramanik, Sharma, Mishra, Prajapati and Singh evaluate the immediate effect of slow pace bhastrika pranayama for 5 minutes on heart rate and blood pressure and the effect of the same breathing exercise for the same duration of time (5 minutes) following oral intake of hyoscine-N-butylbromide (Buscopan®), a parasympathetic blocker drug. Heart rate and blood pressure of volunteers (n = 39, age = 25–40 years) was recorded. Result indicates that after slow bhastrika pranayamic breathing (respiratory rate 6/min) for 5 minutes, both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly with a slight fall in heart rate. No significant alteration in both blood pressure and heart rate was observed in volunteers who performed the same breathing exercise for the same duration following oral intake of hyoscine-N-butylbromide. Gunde, Bera and Gore were study to evaluate the effects of some selected yogasanas and similar type of exercises on selected neuro physiological variables like ECG, blood pressure, EEG, SpO2, respiratory rate, pulse rate. Significant increase in the heart rate, blood pressure, pulse rate and respiratory rate was found when asanas is performed as a exercise. Jadhav has selected 15 students for the study. But at the end of the study only 10 students remain. Bhujangasana, Sarvangasana, Ardhamathsendrasana, and Halasana, Paschimothanasana were selected for the study. Researcher has given training of above for one month daily 45 minute’s course. The age range of participants was 18 to 20 years. After one month training researcher have measured their blood pressure respiration naddichallan before and after asana. Researcher found that in Bhujangasana Sarvangasana and Halasana blood pressure, respiration and naddichallan increases as compared to Paschimothanasana and Ardhamathsendrasana Chakraborty, study to compare the effect of specific exercise, asanas and clinical findings (Resting heart rate, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, Hemoglobin) of the adults. After experimental programme it was observed that in case of exercise group revealed that resting heart rate, respiratory rate, hemoglobin contain, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure improved but found insignificant under t –test. In case of asana group resting heart rate, respiratory rate, and hemoglobin contain, insignificantly, but systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure improved significantly. Divya and Shenbagavalli, study to find out the effects of gymnastics exercise and yoga exercise or asanas on college student. Vital capacity, Heart rate, Breath holding time, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure are takes as dependent variable. Researcher found that gymnastic exercise training and yoga practice have significantly vital capacity, breath holding time, heart rate and systolic blood pressure. Gore studied on the blood pressure (BP) and pulse Rate (PR) before and immediately after 10 rounds of Anulom Vilom pranayama in four different conditions on eight male volunteers who were beginners or fresh students of yoga. Four conditions were: (1) without kumbhaka as well as time ratio; (2) without kumbhaka but with time ratio of 1:2:2; (3) with kumbhaka and time ratio 1:2:2 and (4) with kumbliaka, three bandhas and time ratio of 1:2:2. Results showed that in condition No.l there was insignificant reduction in BP and increase in PR. In condition No.2 also, an increase in systolic BP by 8.7 mmHg was not significant (p>0.05), where in condition No.3 an increase in SBP by 5.3 mmHg was significant (p<0.05) and in condition No.4 BP increased but not significantly (p<0.10) by 6.8 mmHg. Marginal increase in PR by 3 beats/ min was not significant. The increase in BP due to practice of kumbhaka, bandhas and specific time ratio was found within the normal range and therefore the traditional technique of Anulom Vilom Pranayama (condition No.3 and 4) are ' physiologically safe' even for the beginners. |
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| Methodology | The present study was delimited to the untrained male candidate of
different age and also delimited to the sixteen asanas which are divided into
four different groups depends on the position of
asanas:
On the basis of availability subjects will selected from different places
of Uttar Pradesh. Total 111 subjects (One Hundred Eleven) were selected for the
subjects of different age group (18 to 65 Years). To check immediate effect of
blood pressure on untrained person the selected subjects have knowledge of yoga
but they don’t practice the asanas. Blood Pressure was tested variable and
measured automatically by the instrument, it was measured in mmHg. Pre – data
or normal Blood pressure was measured after giving 5 to 10 minutes of rest in
shavasana/ supine position. It was taken once in the beginning of the data
collection and common for all 16 asanas, whereas as the post data for all 16
asanas was different and collected in 4 days. Data of blood pressure was
collected in the final position of every asanas by an instrument. In between
the two asanas 2 to 5 minute of rest in supine/ prone position was given to the
subjects, so that he comes in normal condition and prepares himself for the
next asana. |
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| Statistics Used in the Study | For determining significant difference
exist between per data and post data of HR correlated ‘t’ test was used. For
determining significant change in gain score of Blood Pressure on different
asanas, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD post hoc test was used to check
mean differences. Gain scores for selected variables were calculated by the
following method “Post data – Pre data”. The +ve value of gain indicates that
post data value was higher than the pre data (normal) value and –ve value of
gain indicates that post data value was lower than the pre data (normal) value. |
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| Analysis | The data was analyzed and results of the study was presented in the different tables- It is clear from the table – 1 that obtained value of ‘t’ for all asanas are higher (irrespective of the ± value) than the tabulated value of ‘t’ (1.658) at 0.05 level, that means there was a significant difference between the pre data of systolic blood pressure and post data of systolic blood pressure. The negative (-ve) value of ‘t’ for asanas AS1, AS7, AS15 and AS16 indicates that systolic blood pressure was lower than the normal and positive (+ve ) value of other asanas indicate that systolic blood pressure was higher than the normal.
Fig - 1
Table – 2 Asana wise mean
difference on gain score of systolic Blood Pressure  Note :- Bracket indicate that there is no significant difference in the
groups. Table – 2 clearly indicates that gain systolic blood pressure of AS12 had
a significantly higher and superior to all other 15 asanas. No significance
difference was found (AS12 & AS11), (AS9 & AS10), (AS8, AS13, AS4 &
AS6), (AS6, AS5 & AS2), (AS14 & AS3), (AS15 & AS16), (AS1 &
AS7). During the inverted asanas systolic blood pressure was increased maximum.
In AS15, AS16, AS1 and AS7 gain score of systolic blood pressure have negative
value that mean in these asanas systolic blood pressure was lower than the
normal.  It is clear from the
table – 3 that obtained value of ‘t’ for all asanas are higher (irrespective of
the ± value) than the tabulated value of ‘t’ (1.658) at 0.05 level, that means there was a significant difference
between the pre data of diastolic blood pressure and post data of diastolic
blood pressure. The negative (-ve) value of ‘t’ for asanas AS1, AS7, AS15 and
AS16 indicates that diastolic blood pressure was lower than the normal and
positive (+ve ) value of other asanas indicate that systolic blood pressure was higher than the normal.  Fig – 2 Table – 4 Asana
wise mean difference on gain score of diastolic Blood pressure  Note :- Bracket
indicate that there is no significant difference in the groups. Table – 4 clearly
indicates that gain diastolic blood pressure of AS12 and AS13 have same value
and have a highest gain of diastolic blood pressure. These two asanas are superior
to all other 14 asanas. No significance difference was found between (AS12
& AS11), (AS9, AS8, AS13 & AS10), (AS8, AS13, AS10 & AS4), (AS4
&AS6), (AS6, AS5, AS14 & AS2), (AS15 & AS16) and (AS7 & AS1).
During the inverted asanas diastolic blood pressure was increased maximum. In AS15, AS16, AS7 and AS1 gain score of
diastolic blood pressure have negative value that mean in these asanas
diastolic blood pressure was lower than the normal.
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| Result and Discussion |
In all asana significant difference was found between pre and post data
of systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure. AS1, AS7 AS15 and AS16 shows
the negative value where as other all asanas shows positive value. Positive
value of asanas indicate that blood pressure was increase in these asanas and
blood pressure was higher than the normal in the final position of asana
whereas negative value indicate that in the final position blood pressure was
lower than the normal Maximum increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was noticed in
AS12 and AS11. Then higher value of systolic blood pressure was notice in AS9
and AS10 and higher value of diastolic blood pressure was notices in AS9, AS8
and AS10. All these asanas (AS9, AS10, AS11 AS12) come under the category of
inverted asanas. So it was concluded from the study that inverted asanas had
higher systolic blood pressure than the standing position, lie position and
sitting position asanas. In inverted position, blood flow was interrupted and
slower down which may result to create high pressure on the blood vessels.
According to the available
literature blood pressure was also
influence by gravity and in these asana blood flow was against the
gravity. Gain score of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of AS15 and AS16 was negative or less than the normal. On the basis of available literature systolic blood pressure is decreased in relax position. Both these are relaxed asanas in prone position and supine position respectively, in the both asanas the muscular tension was released, person feels relaxed and blood circulation was normal so these factors may affect the systolic blood pressure. Gain score of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of AS1 and AS7 was also lower than the normal. In the final position of these asanas both hands were above the head. According to the available literature in the book “Text Book of Medical Physiology” and “Review of Medical Physiology” by the author Arthur C Guyton & John E Hall and William F. Ganong respectively due to the effect of gravity systolic blood pressure is decreased as the distance above the heart level is increased. |
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| Conclusion |
In the final position of different
asanas except AS1, AS7, AS15 and AS16 blood pressure was increased. AS12 is
considered as the most difficult asanas because blood pressure was increased
maximum. The present study had found that some of the asanas which can give
high increase in the blood pressure. As asanas are perform by many
peoples and in all age groups. It is suggested that people who are having
cardiac problem and irregular blood pressure problem must aware about those
asanas, which can give a high increase in their blood pressure. They should
also use expert guidance and must consult their doctor before performing any
difficult asanas. |
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| References |
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