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Economics Of Good Governance In India |
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| Paper Id :
19077 Submission Date :
2024-07-12 Acceptance Date :
2024-07-22 Publication Date :
2024-07-25
This is an open-access research paper/article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.13761860 For verification of this paper, please visit on
http://www.socialresearchfoundation.com/anthology.php#8
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| Abstract |
“Governance” is not a word that has been used extensively in the past by
political scientists and its recent appearance in popular usage has not been
very rigorous. It has become in means both all-embracing and vague. According to the Oxford Dictionary, governance means “the act or manner of
governing, of exercising control or authority over the actions of subjects, a
system of regulations.” In essence, therefore, governance may be taken as
denoting how people are ruled, and how the affairs of a state are administered and
regulated.it refers to a nation’s system of politics and how his functions in
relation to public administration and law. Thus the concept of governance
includes a political dimension.[1] |
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| Keywords | Good Governance, Economics, Human Rights. | ||||||
| Introduction | There are many different views about what constitutes good governance, some important aspects of which are culturally determined, the central thesis of this paper is that we can agree on a minimum core of characteristics. In large measure these derive from, or are related to, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations in 1948.[2] This declaration has been signed by the vast majority of countries and thus may be taken as representing the moral consensus of the international community of nations. These fundamentals[3] include the following. 1. The political rulers and government officials are both held accountable to the ruled For their actions through clearly formulated and transparent processes and more particularly that the legitimacy of a government is regularly established through some well-defined open process of public choice such as election, referendum and so on. The safety and security of citizens is assured and the rule of law prevails, such that contracts can be fairly enforced both among private operators and between a private operator and the state. 2. Public agencies are responsive to the needs of the public, and social and economic development is promoted for the benefit of all citizens in an equitable manner. 3. The ready availability of information that will permit accountability to be practiced, laws to be correctly applied markets to function, and people to be creative and innovative 4. Freedom of association and expression of opinion. These general principles were subsequently articulated in two covenants ratified by the United Nations General Assembly. Their relevance to international institutions as well as to governments has since been the subject of scholarly study.[4] In applying these principles, it is important to note that governance consists of two distinct but intimately intertwined dimensions, one is political and the other is technical. Without political commitment little can be achieved, even with an efficient public administration. And without an efficient public administration, no government can be effective, however benevolent. Thus the performance of government depends on the role assigned to the state, the competence of public agencies and the extent to which there is an enabling environment that facilitates and encourages growth-promoting activities by private citizens and honest behavior by public officials. |
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| Objective of study | The objective of this paper is to study the economics of good governance in India. |
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| Review of Literature | For this paper, many books and literature i.e. Hyden Goran (1993). "Governance and Politics", Shihata Ibrahim (1990). "Issues of Governance”, Blunt Peter (1990) Public Administration and Development" and Kligeard. Roberi (1998), "Controlling corruption through Laws" etc. has been reviewed. |
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| Main Text |
Criteria of Good Governance It is clear that good governance depends on the extent to which a government is perceived and accepted as legitimate, committed to improving the public welfare and responsive to the needs of its citizens, competent to assure law and order and deliver public service, able to create an enabling policy environment for productive activities, and equitable in its conduct. In discussing the ways in which external agencies address these facets of governance it is important to bear in mind the distinction between the political and technical dimensions noted earlier and the need to address the operational capacity of government at the central regional and community levels. These correspond roughly to the macro, meso and micro levels in economic analysis.[6] In practical terms, how can the development community encourage countries to perform better according to the criteria of good governance? For these conditions to be fostered. It is a necessary-though not sufficient-priority to have credible arrangements for political and bureaucratic accountability, freedom of association, an objective and efficient judiciary, freedom of information and expression, and efficient public institutions.[7] Quality of Governance Not standard formula exists for fostering an acceptable level of state management and good governance. If there is an indispensable and irreducible prerequisite for good governance, it would appear to be the need for all social and political actors to refer to not necessarily to comply with a shared ensemble of ethical values. Good governance cannot be separated from the effectiveness of laws. It demands that laws be perceived as fair and be understood by everyone. The entire population must have a minimum level of confidence in the law and in the legal profession. Law already serves as a moral lever in the denunciation of political abuses. Lawyers have played and still play a key role in the campaigns for democracy and economic transparency. Economics of Food Governance in India The issue of improving governance in India has to be addressed at multiple levels, in view of the current context. Government can neither have a completely minimalist role nor an entirely proactive one. It has to be directed at building personal capabilities and community capacities for human development through all possible means. The focus has to be on creating a conducive environment for growth and development in the country and, above all, improving the efficiency of resource use, particularly in the public sector. There are, however, aspects of governance and the contingent instruments that have to be taken up on priority.10 Some these are described below 1. People's Participation 2. Decentralization 3. Right to Information 4. Reforms of the Revenue System 5. Mobilisation of Other Resources 6. Civil Society 7. Civil Service Reforms 8. Procedural Reforms 9. Judicial Reforms 10. Using Information Technology for Good Governance |
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| Conclusion |
Good governance is perhaps the single most important factor in ensuring
that the objectives of the Tenth Plan are achieved. Steps will have to be taken
to address issues relating to improved people's participation, effective
decentralization of governance, involvement of civil society. Especially
voluntary organizations and the crucial Right to Information.
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