“Good Governance is perhaps the single most important factor in eradicating poverty and promoting development” -Kofi Annan-

Good governance becomes an important concept when understanding that the World Bank, UNDP, OECD, Asian Development Bank, etc. cooperate as national communities, shelters, and care centers. Without good management, no success can substitute for the survival of the subject. Also, if the country is strong, the poor will suffer the most because there is no government, and this will lead to economic stagnation, poverty, etc.  Therefore, the promotion of governance is a foundation and a prerequisite for improving the lives of the poor. In recent years, many efforts or significant research have been made to improve management. The presentation of these events shows that the current political system is particularly interested in solving the fundamental problems of government. We try to discuss the needs and problems of good management in today's conditions. Good governance has become a magic weapon for any country to achieve growth and development. In this global business era, where users have all their information just a click away, authorities need justice, support, quality of work and service, while applying new processes and quality control in projects. India does not understand the advantages and benefits of good governance. In fact, governance has its roots in the ancient history of India. Good governance always creates an environment that supports economic policy and ensures that government implements its plans in a well-planned manner. India has reformed existing laws and regulations to demonstrate strong leadership and adopt a good governance model. All states in India are working towards making their offices transparent and efficient. Therefore, this article explains the concept of Good Governance, examines the Government of India's efforts to achieve Good Governance, and proposes some ways to improve it.

Keywords: Governance, Administration, E-Governance, Sustainable Development, Good Governance, Poor Administration, Disorder, Viciousness.

Introduction:

Without proper governance, no development can improve the quality of life of the population. In recent years, the concept of good governance has become increasingly important worldwide. Mainly because of the importance given by the international community, it has become a recommendation for policy and management development. Good governance means a commitment to upholding the principles of accountable, accountable and transparent government through legal standards, efficiency and consensus, and the individual rights of citizens and citizens to demonstrate good work and human progress. The dictionary meaning of the word control is control. Good governance means freedom from cruelty and corruption in decision-making and practice.

The Government of India has decided to declare December 25th  as Good Governance Day established in 2014 in honor of Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee to raise awareness among Indians of the responsibility of government. Since and before then, several attempts have been made to substantiate the dream of good governance in our country. Perhaps now is the right time to review these efforts and see what needs to be done here to make them a reality with confidence. Therefore, this Chapter  will explain the concept of good governance, review the Indian government's efforts to achieve it, and suggest some ways to improve it.

Origin of the Concept of Good Governance:

There is a difference in the meaning of governance between conservatives and progressives, socialism and communism. The word "good governance" comes from the Greek word “kubernao” which means “to steer”. Both cases are derived from old French words for management and government. But in the mid-16th century, government meant "a system of governing something." It arose at the beginning of the 18th century and acquired the meaning of "government". However, as business changed in the 1980s, the use of the term “management” became popular, especially in the context of international trade, due to the fact that management methods and practices were aligned with the concept of sustainable development. Good governance provides a framework for public officials to be effective, efficient, transparent and accountable to the public for their actions. In more recent Russia,  the concept of “good governance” first emerged in the mid-1980s as governance’s ability to express compliance with the law.

Meaning, Scope and Significance:

The 1989 World Bank study "From Depression to Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa" ​​was the first to use the term "governance" to describe sub-Saharan Africa's response to change at home. He defines governance as "the use of political power to direct the affairs of state". The concept of governance is discussed in more detail in Governance and Development published by the World Bank in 1992. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) defines governance as "the use of management and administrative capabilities to manage resources for the development of people and business". The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) defines governance as "political, economic and administrative efforts at all levels of national governance". Good governance is not a phenomenon that can be described in words; it’s true that people can feel it. A prerequisite for democratic governance is another opportunity for good governance: the common belief of the people and leaders in the dignity of democracy. Good governance depends on many aspects of government and citizens. This is why it is often said that people, not capital, are the key to development. At the same time, we improve the quality of work life through methods such as training, professional development, career development and employee engagement and management supervision.

Good Governance and India:

The concept of good governance is as old as Indian civilization. The President is subordinate to the rules, often referred to as "Raj Dharma", which clearly dictate the good governance of the people. India has many ethnicities, languages, different lifestyles and cultures, and states with different levels of social and economic development. The definition of good governance in ancient Indian texts may be Jataka, Anushasanparva in Mahabharata, Nitisar in Shukracharyas, Ashtadia in Panini, Ai Triya Brahmin, Ramayana from Varmshaliki. On the concept of good governance, the Arthashastra says: "A king's happiness depends on the happiness of his people, and their happiness is his own happiness, for clean water, he will not believe in everything that makes him happy, but he must believe in everything."It makes him happy." It's not something that makes people happy. All good management ideas are based on a management model where those whose representatives are asked to lead are encouraged to do their best, serve people, solve problems, and make their lives healthy, happy and enjoyable. Should participate in the administration and obey the law, justice, equity and justice, which are inseparable from health and development. Lack of good governance is considered the cause of many social evils. India has sent Universal Brotherhood notes and donations to the world in the past. Indian national democracy is based on the principles of nationalism, secularism, democracy, civil disobedience and mixed democracy. The basic concepts of good governance, legality, participatory decision-making structures, accountability, transparency, efficiency, equality and integration are defined. National leaders must abide by these rules. From a general point of view, this should change. The key characteristics of good governance, as defined by the United Nations, are that officials and organizations are effective, accountable, efficient, cooperative, responsive, transparent, cooperative and honest.

Need for Good Governance:

Every country needs good governance as much as we need air. In this section, we have tried to explain the elements necessary for good governance in government and administration.

1. The most important thing that people need is security, especially the safety of life and property. It is the responsibility of the nation and state to ensure the safety of life and property of all residents, especially in areas that are so strong from psychological warfare, such as Jammu and Kashmir and Northeast India.

2. Especially some countries do not consider their laws and still cannot control the cost because legal implementation takes a long time and is expensive. To be fair, it should be good thinking.

3. In a government controlled by the majority, the freedom, life and pursuit of happiness of citizens can be guaranteed by the rule of law. Contrary to what would be expected of a "legal" regime, no one is exempt from laws that apply to everyone. In fact, even the government is not exempt from abiding by the rules that everyone follows.

4. Inequality or corruption was recognized as the biggest obstacle to proving governance. Human need is one of the main reasons for deprecation; which form corruption persists is the real downside of the framework. In order to eliminate this practice, there is a need to increase public awareness and support existing anti-corruption organizations, which will ensure that the public's resources are used in accordance with the law.

5. Poverty is another test of good governance and it must be mitigated well, because the poor can be both a problem for development plans and an important role for development. It is known that people who need help are in constant interaction with professional staff; they use people's money wisely and efficiently. Since it is known that the constitution gives special attention to poor students through "educational and social backwardness".

6. One of the weaknesses of the current management is that it cannot work adequately in the integrated process. It ignores the use of state property to balance popularly accepted norms of social justice, social order and caste abolition. How to improve the educational opportunities of poor students, how to give long-term loans to poor students, this is a very important need? A successful authorization framework is required to process all new requests.

7.  Another test we face today is youth work. Therefore, there should be training among young people to help them acquire skills and be innovative.

8. With the advent of globalization comes tough times for organizations. Decentralization of justice is important for cooperation with people in the state and city in flux. Therefore, a change in policy culture requires many initiatives.

9. As access to information is reserved for higher levels in traditional organizations, systems must be broken and people must be able to access the information they want to do their jobs.

10. Another important consideration is the development of office services to make results related to a region or region work openly and alike to the local community. For a dynamic organization, the public still needs help from good planning, thinking, learning-oriented teachers and good ideas.

11. The strategy and implementation of government in the country requires an effective system and technology, delivery and society to work and work together, which makes us the leader of the government.

12. Good governance is complete and fair and ensures effective policy implementation. The voices of the poorest and most vulnerable are guaranteed to be heard Social and economic relations, our country's board approval and It is related to the political and legal system of the country. For human progress; the private sector creates jobs and wages; the community shares political and social support.

Features of Good Governance:

Good governance specifically includes collaboration, vision and accountability. It is efficient, fair and supports the rule of law. It ensures that social, political and economic values ​​are based on broader cultural consensus and that the voices of the poorest and weakest are heard in decisions to provide resources for development.

1. Large-scale infrastructure facilities such as roads, electricity, bridges, telecommunications, rivers, airports, and transportation.

2. The government has given people great educational opportunities to develop their careers.

3. Create new public services and recruit people.

4. Security of public life, property, law and order.

5. Efficiency and viability of the country and its personnel.

6. Creation of new services in public and private sector projects.

7. Reduce human inequality through positive discrimination against the poorest segments of the population.

8. Eco-friendly trade and free trade.

9. Freedom of religion, press, labor and non-interference of government are guaranteed.

10. Good business environment and service.

11. Provide additional benefits to the people without discrimination.

The Fundamental Qualities of Good Governance:   

The Importance of Good Governance: Efforts to define concepts such as caring, legitimacy, fairness and transparency, performance and accountability, mobility, harmony, values ​​and understanding, wisdom and power, and responsibility are used in the world to be  good leaders. Moral Model of the Indian Constitution.

The key characteristics of good governance as defined by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESPACP), good governance has eight characteristics:

1. Participation: Individuals must be able to present themselves through a legal entity or its agent. It also means freedom of association and expression. This includes men and women, the poor and minority communities.

2. Rule of law: Good governance requires fairness, predictability and stability. The legal framework is applied fairly. All protections must be included. Human rights  of all walks of life. it is also necessary Independent judiciary and  corruption-free police force.

3.  Transparency: There must be rules by which the government can make decisions and implement them. Information about this must be freely and directly accessible to those affected by decisions and actions. It must be in a format that can be understood by both the public and the media.

4. Responsiveness: Processes and procedures must be applied to all stakeholders within a reasonable time frame. There are many actors and public opinion that need to be reconciled. The community's interests need to be identified and implemented, and this requires a broad, long-term view of how to achieve development goals and what is required to ensure stability.

5. Equity and inclusiveness: Good governance must ensure social justice. People should be able to improve or maintain their health. This requires that all groups, especially the weaker ones, have the opportunity to improve or maintain their standard of living.

6. Effectiveness and Efficiency: Systems and organizations must be able to produce outcomes that meet the needs of the community. Utilize community resources for maximum benefit.

7. Consensus Orientation: There should be a general agreement within the community about what is best for the community. Decisions must be based on consensus.

8. Accountability: This is the most important part of good management. Both the public and private sectors and public institutions should be accountable to the public and related institutions. Accountability cannot be enforced without transparency and legislation.

Mahatma Gandhi advocated the concept of Ram-Rajya for India basing upon the principles of good governance which necessarily destined for dreaming India as a welfare state where the necessities of the down-trodden, the welfare of the commoner and their evolution through indigenous industries would become the hallmark.

Challenges to Good Governance in India:

The country has the political, legal and economic environment to build physical capacity and support civilian leaders. This initiative is expected to create opportunities for people. As the world’s largest democracy, India aspires to become a world leader in social and economic development. If India's score is ranked among countries in the world, it is far from developed countries in terms of score, but it is in a position compared to many developed countries.

Main challenges to good governance in India are:

1. Women Empowerment: Women's power According to Swami Vivekananda, "Unless the condition of women improves, it is impossible to think about the welfare of the world. The bird cannot fly with one wing." One way of assessing the situation of a country is the situation of its educated women. Since women make up about 50% of the population, it is unfair that they cannot be represented in government agencies, and other important posts. Therefore, to have good governance, women need to strengthen their power.

2. Centralization of Administrative System: Centralization of administrative control at lower levels of government can only produce positive goals when supported . This is particularly important for the Panchayati Raj Institutes (PRIs), which are currently suffering from insufficient funds and staff to carry out their assigned tasks.

3. Growing Incidence of Violence: The increasingly violent situation leads to the fact that illegal coercion is seen as a matter of law and order. But from the point of view of good governance principles, this is clearly a first step towards a quiet and orderly development. Strike, strike, strike, violence is the rage of this demonic culture of violence. However, when governments use force to stop these events, the human rights of citizens are sometimes violated by state police. Responding to these threats through dialogue requires imagination, courage and understanding.

4. Criminalization of Politics: Political crime and conflict have social implications in the relationship between power, politicians and corporations, tribal development and governance.

5. Corruption: India's high level of corruption is recognized as the biggest obstacle to the development of good governance. Bureaucracy is known as the engine of good governance. Government is very important for good governance including NHRM, PDS, MGNREGA, Prime Minister Yang Dhan Yojna (PMJDY). We are implementing various welfare policies. However, due to corruption in our bureaucracy, our government cannot complete this project.

6. Delay in Justice: A citizen has the right to get justice in time, but there are many things that prevent a person from getting justice in time. Some citizens are not aware of their rights. Poor   cannot provide them with legal aid.

7. Empowerment of Socially and Economically Backward People: People's reverse work was sidelined in the development process. Elevators are legal, but administratively, education, important work, and financial well-being are necessary, but they are lagging behind in many areas.

Role of Computer and Information Technology (IT) as means of Good Governance:

Computers, thus, can enhance people’s reach to the information relating to rules, regulations or procedures or about the welfare and development system of the government or about the welfare and development scheme of the government or information about climate and climate that can be used by farmers and citizens. The use of computers and information technology (IT) is visualized as a very effectual tool of good governance.

Attempts to improve:

1. Provide public services at low cost.

2. Inspire the public by posting information.

3. Openness, visibility and transparency of state affairs.

4. Good communication between people and management.

5. Government Document Number Monitoring and Evaluation.

6. Governments and citizens innovate art and exchange new ideas and concepts.   

Computers are also used to identify the implementation of the instructions or orders of the chief minister in state. It is also being used for the management of the electorate and prepare summarized data on major projects in health, housing and other social welfare schemes. The central government in India has also introduced computerized system of administration in various departments in states and ministries like Railways, Niti Aayog, NTA, Human Resource Development, Rural Development, Planning Commission and UGC.

Conclusion:

Good governance provides a platform for public officials to be effective, visible, efficient, transparent and accountable to the public for their actions. It aims to end controversial government practices and help build a responsive nation. It is important to analyze the work of all parts of government and make improvements where necessary. However, despite numerous law violations, our country's administration still faces many problems. Corruption is one of the most important factors affecting the effectiveness of management. Transaction attempts should be excluded. Good governance is a major concern for citizens of all countries. Citizens are willing to pay for good public service, but we need governance that is transparent, visible, accountable and understandable, without bias or surprise. It's also important to keep an open mind when making decisions and communicating with users. .This has a positive impact on the region and creates a new level of knowledge, knowledge and development support. As India today is slowly moving towards growth and prosperity, the State mandate needs to be redesigned to promote sound governance of the country, giving priority to the principles of Gandhi and Antodaya. In such cases, citizens could have higher per capita incomes, widespread literacy, and adequate health care and average living standards. Longevity is when a country/state has the means and responsibilities. Governance is the development of all pillars of the state, including justice/judicial administration. Measures such as judicial reform and increased use of information technology (IT) must be implemented to address critical issues.

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