Ph.D Student

Department of Extension Education & Communication Management

CCSHAU,

 Hisar, Haryana, India 

Prof & HOD

Department of Extension Education & Communication Management

CCSHAU,

Hisar, Haryana, India

Indian dairying is emerging as a ‘Sunrise Industry’. Livestock contributes nine per cent to total GDP which is over one-fourth of the GDP from agricultural sector. Dairy development has been acclaimed as an effective instrument capable of bringing about speedy socioeconomic transformation, among the rural community by providing milk production as a subsidiary occupation. Dairy is a globally produced agricultural product; nearly every nation milks dairy cows, and up to a billion people work on dairy farms. It is an essential component of the world food chain and is especially important to the sustainability of rural communities. India's rural economy has been significantly strengthened by the dairy industry. It is acknowledged as a tool for implementing socioeconomic change in rural areas. There is a mutually beneficial relationship between dairy farming and agriculture.  The nation's dairy business has also experienced significant change, possibly as a result of the use of scientific production methods. Today, the dairy industry offers the advantages of wholesome food, additional revenue, and family-supporting jobs, primarily for women. The dairy sector is now the largest contributor of the agriculture sector to the national GDP

Agriculture revolution in India-

The term "agricultural revolution" describes the profound shifts that occur in agriculture as a result of new discoveries, innovations, or technological advancements. These revolutions alter industrial methods while accelerating output. In India, there have been several agricultural revolutions that have ushered in a whole new period of agricultural development. The agricultural revolutions brought about new opportunities and contributed to the exponential growth of Indian agriculture. 

One of the agricultural revolutions that contributed to India becoming the world's largest milk producer was the White Revolution White Revolution was initiated in India with the main objective of increasing milk production .The primary goals of the White Revolution, which started in India, were to organize dairy farmers for better revenue improvements based on cooperative ideals and to increase milk output.

White Revolution, Launched on January 13, 1970, also known as Operation Flood, was a historic project of India's National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) and the largest dairy development program in the world. It made India, which had previously been a country lacking in milk, the world's top producer, overtaking the US in 1998 and accounting for over 22.29 percent of worldwide production in 2018.  It doubled the amount of milk accessible per person in India in less than 30 years, becoming dairy farming the country's greatest self-sustaining source of rural employment. The initiative was started to empower farmers to take charge of their own growth and the resources they produce Operation Flood is the program that led to "White Revolution." By cutting out the middlemen, it established a national milk grid that connected farmers across India to consumers in more than 700 towns and cities, minimizing seasonal and regional price fluctuations and guaranteeing that farmers receive a significant portion of the profit. The village milk producers' cooperatives, which supply milk as well as inputs and services, are the cornerstone of Operation Flood. All members have access to these cooperatives' cutting-edge technology and management. Three stages made up the completion of the program. 

Phase I: lasted from July 1970 to July 1981. The goal was to establish dairy co-ops in 100 milk sheds across ten states, connecting them to the top four metropolitan markets in India—Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, and Rajasthan. This stage ran from 1971 through 1981. 15 lakh farmer families were served by 13,000 rural dairy co-ops by the end of phase I.

Phase II: The sixth Plan periods, which ran from 1981 to 1985, were covered. Karnataka, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh's dairy development program was aided by Phase I funding from IDA. At the conclusion of phase II, there were 34,500 rural dairy cooperatives with 36 lakh members and 136 milk sheds. This stage created a nationwide milk grid and connected 136 rural milk sheds to 148 cities and towns.

Phase III: In this phases by improving the productivity of co-operative dairy sector and its institutional base for long-term sustainability. About 73,300 dairy co-operative societies had been organized in 170 milk sheds involving over 9.4 million farmer members. Thus Operation Flood has helped to establish a White revolution in the country. It is started in 1985 and came to an end in April 1996.

Operation Flood's objectives included-

i. Increase in milk production

ii. Augmented rural incomes

iii. Fair prices for consumers

iv. Increased income and reduced poverty among participating farmers while ensuring steady supply of milk in return

Dairy Cooperatives-

i. A dairy cooperative society (DCS) is a self-governing group of dairy farmers that have come together voluntarily to address their shared financial need. Operation Flood is based on the cooperatives of village milk producers.

ii. It is also necessary to register a society that was created through the division of an already-registered society or the union of two or more existing societies.

iii. A DCS need to be inclusive of all those capable of utilizing their services and eager to assume the obligations of membership, without any form of bias.

iv. It is recommended that a DCS offer educational and training opportunities to its members, elected officials, management, and staff.

v. There are 228 dairy cooperative milk unions in India as of right now. Under these milk unions, there are 2,28,374 dairy cooperative societies at the local level (NDDB, 2021-22).

Objectives of dairy cooperative-

i. The primary objective of the cooperative is to procure milk from the farmers

ii. To introduce co-operative members with modern management, technology and their implementation.

iii. To provide inputs and services for production.

Benefits for diary co-operative members-

i. Cooperatives for dairy products offer a ready market for the milk they produce. At their doorstep, they are able to sell their milk.

ii. Diary co-ops offer their members insurance facilities and field services. Through cooperatives, the lives of farmers and cattle are covered.

iii. The societies' training programs are advantageous to their members. Through the training programs dairy cooperatives at the regional and societal levels offer, they are exposed to new concepts and information.

iv. Dairy cooperatives assist in eschewing intermediaries. Farmers are freed from severe exploitation in the dairy industry since there are no middlemen involved

National Dairy Development Board (NDDB)-

It is an institution of national importance set up by an Act of Parliament of India which supports the development of dairy cooperatives by providing them financial assistance and technical expertise

Organisational structure of dairy cooperatives-

i. Dairy Cooperative structure consists of a Dairy Cooperative Society at the village level (Primary Dairy Cooperative Society) affiliated to a Milk Union at the District level which in turn is further federated into a Milk Federation at the State level.

ii. National Cooperative Dairy Federation of India (NCDFI) was registered on December 07, 1970 under the Bombay Cooperative Societies Act (VII of 1925) as extended to the Union Territory of Delhi with its head office in New Delhi

Function of dairy cooperatives-

The functions of a dairy cooperative society can be classified into the following two categories-

1. Managerial

2. Operational

a. Managerial functions-

The milk producers of the village with the support of the milk union form a village dairy cooperative society. The society has an elected Managing Committee (MC) including the Chairman from amongst the member producers as per the provisions of the bye-laws.

The committee decides-

i. Policy matters and frames guidelines for efficient running of the society.

ii. Holds monthly meetings to discuss issues pertaining to society, members, milk producers, suggestions/guidelines provided by the Milk Union and other relevant matters.

b. Operational functions-

Milk Trading-

i. Reception of milk

ii. testing of milk

iii. Dispatch of milk

iv. Payment for the milk

v. Accounting

vi. Cleanliness

vii. Standardization of Testing Equipment and Chemicals

viii. Local Milk sale

ix. Sample Milk sale

x. Distribution of profit

Inputs Services-

i. Animal health coverage

ii. Breeding

iii. Supply of cattle feed

iv. Fodder development

v. Clean milk production

vi. Extension services to producer members

Major milk cooperative across in India-

Verka, Vita, Saras, Parag, Amul, Mahanand&Gokul, Sanchi, Nandini, Milma, Aavin, Vijiya, Visakha, Omfed, Benmilk, Purabi, Sudha

Shortcomings of dairy co-operatives-

i. The diary co-ops give feeds on a regular basis, but the quality of the food they provide is inadequate.

ii. The efficacy and scope of animal health care services are inadequate.

iii. There are extremely few training programs offered by the societies.

iv. The credit facilities that the cooperatives offer are not adequate.

v. The pension amounts that the societies offer are insufficient.

vi. Inadequate communication and collaboration with government agencies.

v. The cost that the community imposes on its members is likewise irrational.

Scheme and programme being run by department of animal husbandry and dairying-

A. RashtriyaGokul Mission (RGM)-RashtriyaGokul Mission (RGM): This program aims to improve milk output and productivity of cows in order to fulfill the nation's expanding demand for milk and to make dairying more profitable for the nation's rural farmers. It also works to conserve and preserve native breeds of cows.

Objectives of scheme-

i. To use advanced technologies to increase milk production and boost bovine output in a sustainable way.

ii. To encourage the use of bulls with high genetic value in breeding.

iii. To increase the spread of artificial insemination by fortifying the breeding network and providing farmers with doorstep artificial insemination services.

iv. To encourage the scientific and comprehensive rearing of indigenous cattle and buffalo as well as their conservation.

B. National Livestock Mission-The National Livestock Mission focuses on entrepreneurial growth, breed improvement, and feed and fodder development for pigs, sheep, goats, and poultry.

The scheme is implemented with the following three Sub-Missions-

i. Sub-Mission on Breed Development of Livestock & Poultry

ii. Sub-Mission on Feed and Fodder development

iii. Sub-Mission on Extension and Innovation

Sub-Mission on Breed Development of Livestock & Poultry-

The sub-missionby offering incentives to individuals, FPOs, SHGs, Section 8 companies, and the State Government for the development of breed improvement infrastructure, the sub-mission aims to sharply focus attention on the development of entrepreneurship and breed improvement in poultry, sheep, goats, and piggery.

Sub-Mission on Feed and Fodder development-

Through incentives, this sub-mission seeks to strengthen the fodder seed chain, increase the supply of certified fodder seed needed for fodder production, and encourage business owners to create fodder blocks, Hey Bailing, or Silage Making Units.

Sub-Mission on Research & Development, Livestock Insurance, Extension and Innovation-

 The sub-mission aims to provide incentives to research and development centers, universities, and organizations that work with sheep, goats, pigs, and the feed and fodder industry. It also includes activities linked to extension, livestock insurance, and innovation.

C. National Programme for Dairy Development (NPDD)-The National Programme for Dairy Development (NPDD) seeks to raise the proportion of organized milk procurement while improving the quality of milk and milk products.

The scheme has two components:

Under NPDD, Fund sharing Pattern of Centre & State is as under:

i. Component 'A'  concentrates on building or bolstering the infrastructure for primary chilling facilities and quality milk testing equipment for private dairy, milk producer companies, farmer producer organizations, and State Cooperative Dairy Federations/District Cooperative Milk Producers' Union/SHG run dairy operations. The program will be put into effect nationwide for five years, from 2021–2022 to 2025–2026.

ii. Component 'B' As per the project agreement already signed with them, Component 'B' (Dairying Through Cooperatives) provides financial help from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). An externally aided project, its initial phase is scheduled for pilot implementation in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar between 2021–2022 with the goal of building the dairy infrastructure required to link village produce to markets and to strengthen stakeholder institutions' capacity building at the village to state level.

D. National Animal Disease Control Programme (NADCP)-The National Animal Disease reduce Programme (NADCP) is a major initiative designed to reduce the spread of foot and mouth disease (FMD) and brucellosis in cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and pigs. The vaccination program covers 100% of these animal populations for FMD and 100% of female calves aged 4 to 8 months for brucellosis.

Goals of the Initiative-

The National Animal Disease Control Programme (NADCP) for FMD and Brucellosis aims to eradicate FMD by 2030 and control it by vaccination by 202Objectives of the Programme

E.Dairy Processing & Infrastructure Development Fund (DIDF)- The project's main goal is to establish an effective milk procurement system by installing electronic milk adulteration testing equipment at the village level and putting up processing and chilling infrastructure.

As part of the Scheme, Eligible End Borrowers (EEBs) across the nation would receive loan support from State Dairy Federations, District Milk Unions, Milk Producers Companies, Multi State Cooperatives, and NDDB subsidiaries.

Objectives of the DIDF scheme-

i. To construct new infrastructure and update the technology and plants used in milk processing in order to process more milk.

Implementing Agency and End Borrowers-

i. Implemented by National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) and National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC)

ii. End Borrowers: Milk Unions, State Dairy Federations, Multi-state Milk Cooperatives, Milk Producer Companies and NDDB subsidiaries.

Components of DIDF-

i. Milk processing, Chilling and Value added Products plants

ii. Milk Chilling infrastructure

iii. Electronic milk testing kit

F. Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund (AHIDF)- This fund has been approved to encourage investments from private companies, individual entrepreneurs, MSME, Farmers Producers Organizations (FPOs), and Section 8 companies in order to establish the following infrastructures:

i. Dairy processing and value addition infrastructure,

ii. Meat processing and value addition infrastructure and

iii. Animal Feed Plant.

Objectives of Scheme-

i. To assist in expanding the capacity for processing milk and meat and diversifying the products offered, therefore giving disorganized rural milk and meat producers more access to the organized milk and meat market.

ii. To provide the producer with more price realization.

iii. Providing high-quality dairy and meat products to the home market.

iv. To achieve the goal of providing high-quality, protein-enriched food to the nation's expanding population and preventing malnutrition in one of the world's highest rates of malnourished children; to foster entrepreneurship and create jobs;

v. To encourage exports and augment the export share in the dairy and meat industry.

vi. To supply high-quality concentrated animal feed to cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, pigs, and poultry, ensuring a balanced diet at reasonable costs.

G. Supporting Dairy Cooperatives and Farmer Producer Organizations engaged in dairy activities:- The working capital loan for State Cooperatives and Federations was granted under the scheme "Supporting Dairy Cooperatives and Farmer Producer Organizations Engaged in Dairy Activities.

Objectives-

i. To support the State Dairy Cooperative Federations by offering loans for soft working capital to help them weather the crisis caused by extremely unfavorable market conditions or natural disasters.

ii. To give dairy farmers steady access to the market.

iii. To make it possible for State Cooperative Dairy Federations to keep paying farmers' dues on time.

iv. To make it possible for the cooperatives to purchase milk from the farmers at a fair price, even in the flush season.

References

1. Sopanrao, R. S (2018)Dairy Industry In India: Development And Challenge,International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts6(2):751-757

2. Garg,L.,Kumar,K and Singh, K. R. (2021)  SWOT Analysis of Dairy Sector Development in Haryana, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences10(02): 3070-3077

3. Report: Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics 2023

4. Upreti, N. andBhardwaj, N.(2018) Women Empowerment through Women Dairy Cooperative Society in Uttarakhand, Indian Res. J. Ext. Edu. 18 (4):1-6

5. Rejitha.P. R,(2021)Role Of Dairy Co-Operatives In Promoting Dairy Farming, International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management

(IJREAM),7(6):90-92

6. Report: National Dairy Development Report 2023

7. https://www.dairyknowledge.in/dkp/article/dairy-cooperative-society-milk-union-milk-federation-relations-and-functions