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The Thar Desert, or the Great Indian Desert, covers 70% of Rajasthan's total landmass and is the largest desert in India. The region is characterized by erratic rainfall, with cloud bursts causing less than 30 cm of rainfall in July, August, and September. The summer months of May and June are hot, with mean monthly temperatures of 35°C and highs reaching 50°C. In winter, temperatures can drop below freezing in some areas. The study focuses on the effect of abiotic factors on the nutritional and medicinal value of Cucurbitaceaeous plant species in three major regions of Rajasthan: Bikaner, Ganganagar, and Jhunjhunu. Bikaner is located in the middle of the Thar desert, with very low rainfall and extreme temperatures. Jhunjhunu, located on the fringes of the shifting sands of the Thar desert, has extreme climate with extreme temperatures, humidity, and wind velocity. The study aims to understand the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on the nutritional and medicinal value of Cucurbitaceaeous plant species in Rajasthan.

Three major regions of Rajasthan, Bikaner, Jhunjhunu and Ganganagar were selected for the Study of Abiotic Factors on Nutritional and Medicinal Value of Cucurbitaceae plant species Cucumis sativus (Khira), Cucumis melo var. momordica (Kachar), Cucumis melo var.utilissimus (Kakri).

Fruits of selected plant species were collected. Dried, powdered and analysed for estimation of Minerals, Amino Acids, Ascorbic Acids, Protein and Sterols.

Studies of climatic factors. and their impact conducted by Fair-weather (1989), Underwood(1991),Pyke (1995), Warnken and Buckley (1998), Bamstein (2000), Banen (2000), Gill (2004), Alcoforado (2005), Anita and Basu(2006), and Keppler et al .(2006), Forester et al. (2007) and Kumar(2008).

Climatic suitability of growing summer squash (Cucurbita pepo) as a medicinal plant

Physical and chemical properties of soil from various regions were estimated by Cent and Brewer (1971)

Phosphorus, Chlorine, Calcium, Sodium and Potassium in food stuff was estimated by Talpatra, et al. (1940). Nutritive value of India cattle feeds and the feeding of animals observed by Seri and Ray (1964).

Taxonomic Description of Plant

Three Cucurbitaceaeous plant species selected for the study Effect of Abiotic factors on their Nutritional and Medicinal values.

Systematic Position

Kingdom. Plantae

Sub. Kingdom Tracheobionta

Division  Spematophyta

Division      Magnoliophyte

Class          .Dicotyledo

Subclass Polypetalae

Series   Calyciflorae

Order Passiflorales

Hindi: Khira

English: Cucumber,Garden Cucumber,Cultivated Cucumber

Sanskrit: Trapushpa

Marathi: Kankri

Tamil : Vellarikkay

Telgu: Dosakaya

Malyalum: Vellari

Kannada: Soutekayi

Other names: Agurk, Gurke, Komkommer, Kurkku, Comcombre, Community, Concombre, Comcombrec blanv Long, Comcombre, Comcombre maraicher, Pepiro

Uses

Paste of Cucumis sativus is used in more of the skin related problems . It is used in applying on burns, scars, tanned skin, infections wounds and rashes. It may also be used in head ache and to relieve from burning sensation in the body.

Its powder is used in urine related problems, Hemorrhages, general body weakness, jaundice, headache and insomnia.

They are eaten as a vegetable, raw or cooked or made into pickled cucumbers.

The cucumber is common ingredients of salads, being valued mainly for its crisp texture and juiciness. The fruit is said to be indigestible due to the high cellulose content.

The leaf juice is emetic. It is used to treat dyspepsia in children.

Sanskrit; Cirbhita, Cirbhata, Kshetracirbhit

Kachri powder is used as souring agent in combination with other spices to make spice premixes and mouth fresheners.

*Powders of Kachri with other spices is commonly used for venous therapeutic purposes to. cure stomach pain, nausea, vomiting and constipation.

*The dehydrated Kachri is coughicide vermicide, cooling, diuretic and gastric stimulant.

Cucumis melo var. Utilissimus 

Distribution: The plant is widely distributed   in Tropical  Africa, Baluchistan, Arabia, Pakistan, India (N.W. Rajasthan, Gujarat).

COMMON NAMES:-

Eaten as a vegetable, raw or cooked, diuretic, cooling. The Kakri is common ingredients of salads. The traditional healers of Chhattisgarh prepare it by adding Kakri (Cucumismelovar. utilissimus) seeds. According to the healers, the combination of both seeds is promising in treatment of Heart diseases. The healers recommend it to the heart patients, as its regular use removes the extra heat from human body and maintain  the heat.

Study of Climatic  Factors

The climatic conditions of a region impact its agricultural patterns and the types of plants cultivated. Key factors include rainfall, temperature, humidity, wind speed, and sunlight duration. Annual rainfall and temperature variations significantly influence agriculture and local lifestyles. Rajasthan is divided into nine agro-climatic zones, each with unique characteristics.

The Arid Western Plain consists of tehsils from Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Jodhpur, and Churu, marked by very low annual rainfall (10 to 40 cm) and high summer temperatures, which can exceed 49°C during the day and drop to below 20°C at night. Winters are brief, with limited drainage and deep,brackish groundwater. Natural vegetation is scant, primarily seasonal grasses and shrubs that dry up after the monsoon.

The Irrigated North Western Plains, mainly comprising Ganganagar district, features fertile alluvial soil from the Ghaggar River, characterized by extreme aridity and a better irrigation system from canals. This area produces significant crops like cotton, sugarcane, pulses in the kharif season, and wheat and mustard in the rabi season, yielding higher production due to irrigation.
Study of Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil

Soil Analysis:- This chapter deals with analysis of soil from selected sites of Bikaner, Jhunjhunu and Ganganagar regions to study the physical and chemical properties of soil affecting seed germination, growth pattern of selected plant species. Soil samples were collected from selected sites. Soil temperature, bulk density, soil humidity and soil texture were studied as physical properties where as soil pH, organic Carbon, available Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Sodium as chemical properties of soil.

Soil Temperature:- For measuring soil temperature soil tele thermometer was used. It has a steel end near mercury bulb. Tele thermometer probes were installed at 10 cm to 15 cm and 16 cm to 30 cm depths for measuring soil temperature. The maximum day- time temperature (measured at 1400 h) was recorded twice in a month. The values recorded during each month were averaged and the mean values calculated.

Soil Humidity

100 gm soil sample was taken in a empty weighed box. Box was placed in oven at 105 °C. After twenty four hours sample allowed to cool in oven, transferred into the desiccators for further cooling. The sample was dried and weighed with box. Difference in weight considered to be moisture present in soil sample. Soil moisture was calculated by the formula -

Weight of moist soil - weight of oven dried soil . . . % of moisture = — x 100 Weight of oven dried soil

Bulk Density (Apparent Specific Gravity):- The bulk density of soil is the mass of unit volume of soil bulk including pore space. Bulk density expressed in gm/cm^ which ranges from 1.1 gm/cm^ to 1.6 gm/cm^ for medium to alkaline soil. The soil sample was dried in oven at 105 °C. Desired soil transferred into the 50 ml weighed botde. Volume as well as weight of soil was measured. Bulk density was calculated by the formula

Weight of soil/ Volume of soil

Soil Texture:- Soil texture is relative proportion of various soil particles which was evaluated by Stocks (1851) international pipette method. Soil was passed successively through a series of sieves of different pore size as a result different sized particles get separated. This soil was boiled in a cylindrical botde for breaking the lumps. Now following treatment was given to soil.

Removal of Carbonates:- Soil sample was transferred into a beaker containing 100 ml of water. Slowly 2N HCL was added until pH falls 4.0. Beaker kept for 10 minutes, as a result CaCOj was removed. Now soil filtered through Buckner's funnel fitted with Whatman's filter paper no 50 and filtrate washed with water till neutral pH.

Removal of Organic Matter: Soil mixed in 20 ml of 30 % HjOj in a beaker and heated at 90 °C. When violet color appeared, heating was stopped as a result all organic matter destroyed.

Removal of Soluble Salts: Remaining peroxide filtered through Buckner's fiinnel fitted with whatman filter paper no 50, 200 ml distilled water, 100 ml silver nitrate and 200 ml Barium

Chloride added as a result CI and SO4 were removed. Suspension placed in oven over night at 105°C.

Removal of Iron Oxide 180 ml citrate-bicarbonate, 160 ml 0.3 M Sodium citrate solution and 160 ml IM NaHCOj added to the oven dried sample. Now 3.5 gm of Sodium hydrosulfate (Na2S204) added to beaker kept on a water bath and heated at 80 °C. After 20 minute beaker was cooled and suspension filtered through Buckner's funnel fitted with whatman filter paper no 50. As soon as grey color appeared, suspension washed with distilled water five times, filtered and oven dried.

Separation of Coarse Sand: Sieves placed on mouth of sedimentation cylinder. Suspension poiired with the stream of water. Material remained on sieve was coarse sand. It was weighed and dried at 105°C. Percentage of coarse sand calculated as follows:

Weight of dried coats sand/Coarse sand  x 100 Total weight of soil

Separation of Silt a n d Clay mixture:- Suspension of cylinder was shanked. 25 ml suspension taken in weighed dish, dried at 105 °C and again weighed. Percentage of silt + Clay calculated by the formula:-

Weight of dried silt + Clay / Total weight of soil x 100

Separation of clay Contents of cylinder were shaken. 25 ml suspension withdrawn from the 10 cm depth of cylinder dried at 105 °C and weighed again.

Percentage of Clay calculated by the formula:- . . . % Clay = Weight of dried ClayX 100 /Total weight of Soil

Separation of Fine Sand:- Sediment remained in cylinder transferred in a 500 ml beaker and water added. This process repeated iintil turbidity removed.

Residue collected, dried at 105 °C and weighed.

Percentage of fine sand calculated as follows:-  ,  % Fine sand = Weight of dried fine sand /Total weight of soilxlOO

SOIL pH:- Jackson (1973) method was followed for the estimation of soil pH. It is negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity. pH = logioa"-^ Where, a""*^ = Hydrogen ion activity

Soil pH was measured by pH meter containg glass electrode, reference electrode and pH scale from 0-14. pH meter was standardized with buffer solution of known pH. 1:2 soil and water extract prepared in a beaker. Electrodes were dipped in beaker and pH noted. After each determination electrodes were washed with distilled water and wiped out by ordinary filter paper.

Organic Matter

1 gm moderated textured soil passed through 0.2 mm sieve in 500 ml conical flask. 10 ml of IN K2Cr207 and 20 ml of cone. H2SO4 added. The flask kept at room temperature for 30 minutes to complete the reaction. After 30 minutes 200 ml distilled water and 10 ml H3PO4 was added. Now 10 drops of diphenylamine indicator added as a result violet color appeared in suspension which was titrated with N / 2 Ferrous ammonium sulphate solution till the color changed from violet to blue. From the used volume of Ferrous ammonium sulphate percentage of organic Carbon in soil was calculated by the formula:- lOx(X-Y) % Organic Catbon in soil = ^^ x 0.06 x 1.3 ^ X Where, X = Reading of blank and Y = Reading of titration Since organic matter on an average contains 58% Carbon, the percentage of organic matter can be obtained by multiplying the organic carbon percentage with 100/58 or 1.724 which is known as Bemmlen factor. Organic Matter = % Organic Carbon x 1.724

Available Nitrogen:- For the estimation of available Nitrogen in soil Subbiah and Asija (1956) method was followed. 20 gm soil 20 ml 0.32% KMn04,20 ml 0.2 NH2SO4,100 ml 2.5% NaOH and 2-3 drops of methyl red indicator added in distillation flask and immediately connected to distillation apparatus. Released ammonia absorbed in the H2SO4 solution. Evolution of ammonia was tested by red Htmus paper no change in litmus cdlor indicates that evolution of ammonia is completed. Excess H2SO4 titrated with N/50 NaOH and volume noted. Available Nitrogen in soil was calculated by the formula:- Yx-Yl % Available Nittogen = ^^ '- x 0.00028 x 100 ^ 2 0 Available Nitrogen in-ppm = Percentage of available Nitrogen x lO'* Available Nitrogen in Kg/ ha - X - Y x 31.36 Where:- Volume of N/50 H2SO4 taken = X Volume of N/50 NaOH used = Y ml Volume of N/50 H2SO4 used for NH3 = (X - Y) ml

Available Phosphorus: Olsen et al (1954) method was followed for the estimation of available Phosphorus in soil. 5 gm soil, little amount of Phosphorus free activated charcoal and 100 ml of 1 N NaHCOj solution added into a 250 ml conical flask. Flask was shaked for 30 minutes on a mechanical shaker. The suspension was filtered through a whatman filter paper no 42.5 ml aliquot of the extract, 5 ml ammonium molybdate and 1 ml SnCl2 taken in a 25 ml volumetric flask. Volume was made up 25 ml with distilled water. The transmittance of the solution measured at 660 m [x on a spectrophotometer. Blank without soil runned following the same procedure and measured. Available phosphorus in soil was calculated by the formula:- Available Phosphors (Kg/ha) = ppm P (Z) x 8.96 Where:- Klett reading of soil sample = X Klett reading of blank sample = Y Actual reading of soil sample = X - Y ppm Phosphorus ( X - Y ) = Z

Available Potassium:- For the estimation of Potassium in soil Metson (1956) method was followed. 10 gm soil and 50 ml Ammonium acetate solution was taken in 150 ml conical flask and shaked for 5 minutes on a shaker. Then further diluted 10 times. Contents filtered through a whatman filter paper no 1. First few drops of the filtrate rejected. After necessary setting and calibration filtrate was feeded to flame photometer. A blank without soil also runned using the same procedure. Potassium in soil was calculated by the formula:-

Volume of exttactant Available Potassium (Kg / ha) = C x 2.24 x ^ ' Weight of Soil Where:- C = Reading of flame photometer

Available Sodium:- For the estimation of Sodium in soil Metson (1956) method was followed. 10 gm soil and 50 ml ammonium acetate solution was taken in 150 ml conical flask. Flask was shaked for 5 minutes and contents filtered through a whatman filter paper no 1. First few drops of the filtrate rejected. After necessary setting and calibration filtrate was feeded to flame photometer. A blank without soil also runned using the same procedure. Sodium in soil was calculated by the formula:- . . , , , „ . /rr ,, ,^ Volume of extractant _ _. Available Potassium (Kg / ha) = C x x 2.24 ^ ' WeightofSoU Where:- C = Reading of flame photometer

Estimation of Minerals Content

For theestimation of Mineral contentFruits of cucumissativus,Cucumismelovarutilissimusand cucumisMelovarmomordica collected from Bikaner jhunjhunu and Ganganagar were dried and powdered separately

For the estimation of Calcium and Phosphorus 100 ml of 50% sulphuric acid was added to ash in Crucible .Content heated in water bath for 3 minutes and transferred to the 250 ml beaker It was washed till the Crucible became free from acid the contents were heated for 30 minutes after cooling filtered solution was made to 250 ml with the distilled water and kept as Stoke solution for the analysis of calcium and phosphorus (Talpatraetal,1940)

Calcium

Purohit and Mathur(1970) method was followed for the estimation of calcium 25 ml of stock solution was taken in 250 ml beaker, 50 ml of distilled water and 10 ml of saturated Ammonium oxalate was added

True  drop of alcoholic methyl red and 10 ml concentrated hydrochloric acid were also added.Acidity of solution was adjusted at pH 4.6 by addingconcentrated ammonium solution till the brown coloured precipitate begin to appear.Now diluted ammonium solution was added till white colour precipitate appeared

The contents of beaker were kept overnight allowing the precipitate to settle down.Next day the solution was filtered through whatman’sfilter paper number 40 the precipitate was watched several times with hot distilled water to remove excess oxalate now the precipitate was dissolved in the 100 ml of distilled water and 10 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid .The solution was heated at 60 to 70 degree centigrade for 30 minutes and titrated against N/10 Potassium permanganate solution.The titration was carried out until a stable pink coloured appeared.The calcium content was calculated as follow

Percentage of Calcium=

KMnO4 used(ml)×.002×100×10/gm sample taken forAashing

Where 10 is the dilution factor

Phosphorous

From the stock solution of acid soluble ash 25 ml aliquot was taken in 250 ml beaker in which 10 ml of concentrated Nitric acid and 10 ml of freshly prepared saturated Ammonium molybdate solution were added for precipitation .Yellow coloured precipitate of Phosphorus and Ammonium molybdate begin to appear .The beaker was kept overnight allowing the precipitate to settle down.Next day supernatant was filtered through Whatman filter paper number 42 .The precipitate was washed with 25% nitric acid and 3% Potassium nitrate solution for the removal of acid.The precipitate was dissolved in 20 ml of N/7 Sodium hydroxide solution and excess of Sodium hydroxide was titrated against N/ 7 standard Nitric acid solution using phenolphthalein indicator.Phosphorus content was calculated as follow

%Of Phosphorus =

N/7NAoH used(ml)×0001925×10×100/gm sample taken×2.24

Iron

Iron was analysed by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer(Bishnoi and Brar1988).Diluted sample was drawn up in the atomizes burner assembly through a capillary and converted by means of a streamof compressed air to a fine spray which after condensation of large droplet was mixed  acetylene and burnt in a long flame at the burner light coming from the hollow cathode lamp, after traversing the flame enter a monochromator which has been set at a wavelength for iron was 24 &3nm and  fall on the photo multiplier tube This tube converts the light radiation into electrical energy which is then measured by galvanometer.

Estimation of Amino Acids

Fruits of three plant species Cucumissativus,Cucumismellvarutilissimusand Cucumismellovarmomordica of selected regions were used for present investigations

AMINO ACID  500 mg of each plant sample was taken separately and grind it in a pestle and mortor with a small quantity of acid washed end to this homogenate added 5 to 10 ml of 80% ethanol, filtered or centrifuged Filtrate or supernatant was saved Repeated the extraction twice with the residue and pooled all the supernatants reduce the volume by evaporation and use the extract for the quantitative estimation of total free amino acids

Estimation of Amino Acids

To o.1 ml of extract ,added 1 ml of ninhydrin solution Made up the volume to 2 ml with distilled water .Heated the tube in boiling water bath for 20 minutes .Added 5 ml of diluents  and mixed the contents.After 15 minutes intensity of the purple colour against a reagent black was read in a caloriemeter at 570 nm The colour is stable for 1hPrepared the reagent blank as above by taking 0.1 ml of 780% ethanol instead of the extract

Standard

Dissolved 50 mg leucine in 50 ml of distilled water in a volumetric flask 10 ml of this stoke standard was taken and diluted to 100 ml in another flask for working standard solution Proceed as that of the sample and read the colour .A series of volume from 0.1bton1ml of this standard solution gives a concentration range 10 to 100µg

A standard curve using absorbance versus concentration was drawn and concentration of the total free amino acids in the sample calculated.

Estimation Of Protein

The present investigation deal with the quantitative estimation of protein of selected plant species.All  the three plant species were collected from three region Bikaner, Ganganagar and jhunjhunu. Fruits were dried powdered separately and used for estimation of protein

Crude Protein (C.P.)

2 gm of each oven dried plant part was taken in 500ml of Kjeldalh’flask.10gm of digestion mixture (9.5gm of Potassium sulphate and 0.5gm of copper sulphate)and 20ml of of concentrated sulphuric acid were mixed glass beads were added in the flask to check the bumping The flask wad heated on the electric hot plate till blue green solution was obtained.The flask was cooled over night and distilled water added to make the volume 250ml.This is known as aliquit.

25ml of above aliquot was taken in kjeldalh flask 80ml saturated Sodium hydroxide solution was added in the Flask and immediately connected by a trap to condenser The lower end of condenser was dipped in 25 ml solution of 2%boric acid and Toshiroindicator (methyl red 80 mg methylene blue 20 mg and methanol 100 ml )in a beaker The flask was heated for 45 minutes during which ammonia released was trapped and the content of beaker became double with the change of colour from Violet to green This distillate was titrated against an oblique N/ 7 sulfuric acid .The percentage of nitrogen calculated by the following formula

Percentage of Nitrogen =

N/7sulphuric acid(ml)×.002×100×10/gm sample taken

The percentage of crude protein was calculated by multiplying percentage of nitrogen by 6.25 content.

Estimation of Endogenous Ascorbic Acid

The Present investigation deals with the estimation of endogenous ascorbic acid of selected plants Cucumissativus cucumber smell over utility miss and cucumismellovarmomordicafresh fruits of all the three plant species were collected from the thresides BikanerGanganagar and jhunjhunu %Of Phosphorus =

N/7NAoH used(ml)×0001925×10×100/gm sample taken×2.24

 method the quantitative estimation of ascorbic acid was carried out calorimetrically following the method developed by chinoy 1962.

Quantitative and Quali Estimation of Phytosterols

The Present study deals with qualitative and quantitative estimation of phytosterol from selected plants Cucumissativus (kheera)and Cucumismello varutilissimus (kukri) and Cucumismello varmomordica (kachar) of family Cucurbitaceaeous

All  the three plant species collected from three places and analysed for sterol content confirm the presence of only β-Sitosterol  amount of β-Sitosterol was maximum in all the 3 plant species collected from Bikaner region and with slight variation minimum in fruit collected from Ganganagar region. Comparatively Cucumissativuscontained highest amount of β-Sitosteroll then Cucumismelovarmomordica and Cucumismellovar.Utilissimus. On the whole maximum amount (0.86 mg/ 100 g.d.w) was present in Cucumissativuscollected from Bikaner region and minimum( 0.66 mg/ 100 g .d.w)in Cucumismelo var. Utilissimus of Ganganagar region.

1. Physical characteristics of soil were measured and mean value was calculated. Bulk density (mass unit volume) of soil varied from 1.28 gm/cms to 1.49 gm/cm and 2.22 gm/cm respectively in Bikaner, Jhunjhunu and Ganganagar regions. Humidity (moisture percentage) of soil varied from 2.10 % Jhunjhunu) to 2.15 % (Bikaner) and 2.20 % (Ganganagar). Table shows that Ganganagar soil is comparatively more humid due to climatic conditions. Temperature recorded 47.2°C (Jhunjhunu) to 55.9° C (Bikaner) and 60°C (Ganganagar). Humidity and temperature variations of soil are directly related with climatic conditions of different regions.

Among chemical characters of soil pH, organic matter, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium were estimated in soil of Bikaner, Jhunjhunu and Ganganagar and pH measured in soils of all selected three regions was nearly same and showed alkaline nature. Total amount of organic Carbon in Jhunjhunu soil was estimated (0.23%) much higher than Bikaner and Ganganagar soil (0.15-0.25%), which indicates fertile nature of Jhunjhunu soil. Soil analyzed for mineral contents showed that the amount of Phosphorus(25-35 kg/ha) and Potassium (220 250 kg/ha) was more in Jhunjhnu j x^ soil than Bikaner and Ganganagar, while Zinc(0.42-0.72 ppm) was maximum in Bikaner, Ferum(2.12-4.5 ppm) and Copper (0.11-0.50 ppm ) in Ganganagar and Manganese (2.5-4.0 ppm) in Bikaner soil. Soil texture was categorised into various categories on the percentage of clay,silt and sand in total soil. It was found that soil of Ganganagar region is rich in percentage of clay(9.1%) silt (6.0%) than of Bikaner and Jhunjhunu region.Coarse sand was maximum in(29.3%) Jhunjhunu and Fine sand was maximum in (73.4%) Bikaner. Physical and chemical characters of soil showed that soil of all the three regions are sandy with little amount of useful clay and silt, sufficient amount of minerals and suitable pH. While comparing the physical and chemical characters of all the three regions of soils, it can be concluded that soil of Ganganagar is most fertile due to higher amount of clay and silt, in comparison to Jhunjhunu and Bikaner soils. As the amount of organic matter. Phosphorus and Potassium is comparatively more in Jhunjhunu soil, it can be considered better than Bikaner soil. 

 

2.As a result of analysis each plant species selected from different region Bikaner Jhunjhunu and Ganganagar showed slight variation in their mineral contents Amount of Calcium, Phosphorus and Iron (16mg/100g.d.w.,24mg/100g.d.w.,0.28mg% respectively) was same in Cucumissativ us belonging to selected three regions Bikaner, Jhunjhunu and Ganganagar. In Cucumismelo var. Utilissimus Calcium was maximum (1.2/100gdw) in plant growing in Bikaner region while Phosphorus and Iron was maximum in plant of Ganganagar region.Cucumismelo var. momordica showed maximum amount of calcium (1.28mg/100g.d.w.) in Ganganagar plants, Phosphorus (4.98mg/100g.d.w.)in Bikaner plant and Iron (135.0%) in Bikaner as well as Ganganagar plants

While comparing the three plant species it was observed that maximum amount of Calcium and Phosphorus is present in Cucumissativus (16.0mh/100g.d.w.) while iron is maximum in Cucumismello var.Utilissimus (152.5mg%) of Ganganagar region

3. The selected three plant species greater variation in Amino acid, It was observed that Cucumismelo var momordica of Bikaner region, Cucumismelo var utilissimus and Cucumissativus of Ganganagar region showed maximum amount of Amino acids (83.00µg/1ml, 91.02µg/ml and 94.34µg/ml respectively) Comparing the three selected plant species for Amino Acids. Maximum amount was calculated in Cucumissativus (94.34µg/1ml) and Cucumis Melo var momordica of Ganganagar region Plant Species  collected from Jhunjhunu amount of Amino acids greater than plant species of Bikaner region and presented amount of Amino acids  greater than plant species of Bikaner region lesser than Ganganagar region in C.melovarutilissimus and Cucumissativus while in C.melovarmomordica  It was greater than Ganganagar plant species and lesser than Bikaner species.

4. As a result of analysis of fruits of selected plant species from Bikaner, Jhunjhunu and Ganganagar variation in protein content was observed Protein content was found maximum in the fruit s of all the plant species collected from Bikaner region and minimum from fruit s collected from Ganganagar region Comparing the protein content of three plant species, It was concluded that C.Sativusis having highest concentration of protein among C.melomomordica and C.meloutilissimus  in all the three region.

Maximum amount of protein (2.16%)was found in C.melovar utilissimus of Bikaner and minimum in C.sativus (1.02%) of Ganganagar.

5.All the three plant species analysed showed great variation in ascorbic acid content Among three  plant species fruit of Cucumismello var.momordica was having more amount of ascorbic acid than Cucumismello var utilissimus and Cucumissativus As fruit of each plant species were collected from three different regions and analysed, it was observed that fruit of Bikaner region have more amount of ascorbic acid than of Jhunjhunu and Ganganagar

On comparing the three plant species ,it was observed that fruits or Cucumismello var momordica of Bikaner had maximum amount of ascorbic acid( 5.21 mg/  100 g.d.w) and   fruit of Csativus of Ganganagar minimum amount of ascorbic acid (3.66 mg / 100 g.d.w).

The soil of Ganganagar was found to be most fertile Cucumissativus contained the highest amount of protein in all the three region Cucumismelovar momordica had the highest amount of ascorbic acid Cucumissativus from Bikaner had the highest amount of beta-sitosterol.

The study demonstrates the influences of Abiotic factors on Nutritional and Medicinal values of all these plants.

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