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g-Semi-Open Sets In Generalized Topological Spaces | |||||||
Paper Id :
16088 Submission Date :
2022-05-15 Acceptance Date :
2022-05-20 Publication Date :
2022-05-25
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Abstract |
In this paper, we have studied g-semi-open sets in generalized topological space. We have obtained some significant properties of g-semi-open sets and constructed various examples.
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Keywords | Generalized Topological Spaces, g-interior, g-closure, g-semi open set. | ||||||
Introduction |
The concept of generalized topology was introduced by Csaszar [1] in 2002. In 2005, Csaszar [2] has generalized the notions of semi-open set, pre open set, -open set and -open set in the category of generalized topological spaces. There are four fundamental concepts of generalized open sets in Topological spaces. These generalized open sets are known as semi-open sets, pre-open sets, -open sets and -open sets. The notion of semi-open sets was introduced by N. Levine [3] in 1963. Maitra and Tripathi [4] have obtained significant properties of interior and closure of a setin generalized topological spaces.
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Objective of study | To study g-semi-open sets in generalized topological space and obtain some significant properties of g-semi-open sets and construct some examples. |
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Review of Literature |
First we recall the definition of generalized topological space, g-open sets and g-closed sets.
Definition 2.1 [1] Let X be a non empty set and letτ_g be a family of subsets of X. Then τ_g is said to be a generalized topology on X, if following two conditions are satisfied viz.:
ϕ∈τ_g;
Arbitrary union of members of τ_g is a member of τ_g.
The generalized topology τ_g is said to be strongif X∈τ_g, and the pair (X,τ_g) is called a generalized topological space. The members offamily τ_g are called g-open sets and their complements are called g-closed sets.
From the above Definition 2.1 we observe that every topological space is a generalized topological space but the converse is not true. We have following Example.
Example 2.1:Let X={a,b,c} and let τ_g={∅,X,{a,b},{b,c} }. Then τ_g is a generalized topology but is not a topology on X.
Proposition 2.2[4]: Let (X,τ_g ) be a generalized topological space. Then
ϕ and X are g-closed sets in X.
Arbitrary intersection of g-closed sets is a g-closed set.
Proposition 2.3: Let (X,τ_g ) be a generalized topological space and let A⊆X. Then A is g-open set in X iff for each point x∈A there exists a g-open set U in X such that x∈U⊆A .
Corollary 2.4: Let (X,τ_g ) be a generalized topological space and let A⊆X. Then A is g-closed set in X iff for each point x∉A there exists a g-open set U in X such thatx∈U andU A =ϕ.
Definition 2.5 [1]: LetXbe a generalized topological space and letA⊆X. Then g-interior of A is denoted by i_g(A) and is defined to be the union of all g-open sets contained in A. Theg-closure of A is denoted by c_g (A) and is defined to be the Intersection of all g-closed sets containing A.
Remark:Since arbitrary union of g-open sets is a g-open set and arbitrary intersection of g-closed sets is a g-closed set, it follows that i_g (A)is a g-open set and c_g (A) is a g-closed set. Thus〖 i〗_g (A)isthelargestg-opensetcontained in A and c_g (A) is the smallest g-closed set containing A.
Proposition 2.6 [4]: Let (X,τ_g )be a generalized topological space andletA ⊆X. Then
Aisg-opensetiffi_g (A)=A.
Aisg-closedsetiffc_g (A)=A.
Theorem 2.7 [4]: Let(X,τ_g )be a generalized topological space and let A, B be subsets of X. Then following properties holds:
i_g (ϕ)=ϕ,i_g (X)=X.
If A⊆B then i_g (A)⊆i_g (B).
i_g (A)∪i_g (B)⊆i_g (A∪B).
i_g (A∩B)⊆i_g (A)∩i_g (B) .
Theorem2.8[4] : Let(X,τ_g ) be a generalized topological space and let A, B be subsets of X. Then following properties holds:
c_g (ϕ)=ϕ, c_g (X)=X.
If A⊆B then c_g (A)⊆c_g (B).
c_g (A)∪c_g (B)⊆c_g (A∪B).
c_g (A∩B)⊆c_g (A)∩c_g (B).
c_g (c_g (A) )=c_g (A).
Theorem 2.9 [4]: Let (X,τ_g ) be a generalized topological space and {A_∝ }_(∝∈Λ) be a family of subsets of X. Then
i_g (i_g (A) )=i_g (A).
⋃_(∝∈Λ)▒i_g 〖(A〗_∝)⊆i_g (⋃_(∝∈Λ)▒A_∝ ).
i_g (⋂_(∝∈Λ)▒A_∝ )⊆ ⋂_(∝∈Λ)▒〖i_(g ) (A_∝)〗.
Theorem 2.10 [4]:Let (X,τ_g ) be a generalized topological space and {A_∝ }_(∝∈Λ)be a family of subsets of X. Then
(i) ⋃_(∝∈Λ)▒c_g 〖(A〗_∝)⊆c_g (⋃_(∝∈Λ)▒A_∝ ).
(ii) c_g (⋂_(∝∈Λ)▒A_∝ )⊆ ⋂_(∝∈Λ)▒〖c_(g ) (A_∝)〗.
Theorem 2.11 [4]:Let (X,τ_g ) be a generalized topological space and A⊆X. Then
i_g (X-A)= X-c_g (A).
c_g (X-A)= X-i_g (A).
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Main Text |
g-Semi Open Sets
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Methodology | Generalized topological spaces,g-interior,g-closure, g-semi open set. |
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Conclusion |
In topology g-semi-open sets in generalized topological space were studied and some significant properties of g-semi-open sets were obtained. Also some examples were constucted. |
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References | 1. Csaszar, A., Generalized topology, generalized continuity, Acta Math. Hungar., 96 (2002), 351-357.
2. Csaszar, A., Generalized open sets in generalized topologies,Acta Math. Hungar, 106(2005), 53-66.
3. Levine, N., Semi-open sets and semi-continuity in topologicalspaces , Amer. Math. Monthly, 70(1963), 36-41.
4. Maitra, J. K., Tripathi H.K., and Tiwari, V., A note on g-closure and g-interior,Remarking, 2(2015), 1-3.
5. Njastad, O., On some classes of nearly open sets, Pacific J.Math.15(1965), 961-970. |