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| Pre-Competition Anxiety between Male and Female Handball Players: A Comparative Study | |||||||||||||
| Paper Id :
16068 Submission Date :
2022-04-07 Acceptance Date :
2022-04-17 Publication Date :
2022-04-25
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| Abstract |
The rationale of the present study was to compare the pre-competition anxiety between male and female handball players of Inter collegiate students of Garhwal University. The 40 Handball players 20 male and 20 female who had represented in the Garhwal university intercollegiate competition were the subject for the present study. To know the pre-competition anxiety between male and female Handball players, a pre-competition anxiety questionnaire (SCAT) developed by Rainer Marten was used. To analyze the raw scores “t test” was computed. The result shows that male and female Handball players differ significantly on their pre- competition anxiety and female are found more anxious (22.45) than males (14.23) in this study. The result shows a significant difference when it was tested at 0.05 level of significance.
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| Keywords | Anxiety and Hand Ball Players. | ||||||||||||
| Introduction |
I don’t think you’re human if you don’t get nervous. Sidney Crosby.
Sidney Crosby, a two-time Olympic gold medalist, a World and a Junior World champion, a two-time National Hockey League Most Valuable Player, a three-time Stanley Cup Champion, and a six-time National Hockey League all-star, is certainly not the only athlete who reports experiencing nerves when performing in his sport. Williams, J. M. E. (1993).The relationship between anxiety and athletic performance is so strong. (Ford JL) that a whole field of psychology—sports psychology—has been devoted to helping athletes combat nerves. Fortunately, you can use a number of strategies to help overcome game-day jitters and manage anxiety before it gets out of hand.Typically defined as “an unpleasant psychological state in reaction to perceived stress concerning the performance of a task under pressure . Cheng WKN (2009)
Anxiety may be positive motivation force or it may interfere with successful athletic performances. As a positive motivating force it can be instrumental in motivating the athlete to work harder to find new and better ways to improve performances and to help set goals. The athletic skills and his self-confidence as a negative motivator anxiety may interfere with productive as well as constructive thinking. Athletes may attempt to handle anxiety by denying the need to work hard. This can lead to development of poor work habits or athletic technique. These often lead to failure and, in turn, lack of confidence and increased anxiety.
Anxiety is one of the most common deterrents to good performance. At worst the effect of anxiety gets the athlete so tied up in knots that he is frozen in fear. At best anxiety subtly impairs performance by distracting the attention.
Anxiety plays a paramount role in sports. It is the challenge in sports participation which produces anxiety. How an athlete handles the anxiety determines how successful he would be. Anxiety may be a positive motivating force or it may interfere with successful performance in sports events. The degree of anxiety also varies with a number of different conditions. Anxiety is likely to be greater in higher competitive sports than in relatively non-competitive sports because, in competitive sports, participants are expected to win great demands are made upon them to succeed. The article was focused to compare the pre-competition anxiety of Male and Female Hand Ball players who participated in the inter-collegiate competition of HNB Garhwal University.
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| Objective of study | The aim of the study is to find out the difference in anxiety levels between Male and Female Hand Ball Players |
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| Review of Literature |
Anxiety is widely regarded as a complex psychological phenomenon, and is probably one of the most difficult emotions to define and diagnose. Not surprisingly, the relationship between anxiety and performance is far from straightforward. Although various conceptualizations of anxiety have been proposed across different fields of psychology, a consensus concerning the nature and definition of anxiety is still lacking. In sports psychology, the theoretical relationship between competitive anxiety and sports performance has been one of the most debated and investigated domains (Woodman & Hardy, 2001). Understanding of anxiety and performance has been furthered through the advancement of sports anxiety models, for example, multidimensional anxiety theory (Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990), the catastrophe model (Hardy, 1990, Hardy, 1996) and the control model (Jones, 1995). |
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| Main Text |
The
total number of 40 participant were selected , 20 male and 20 female
handball players of Inter collegiate Competition of Garhwal University. Their
age ranged between 19-25 years. |
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| Methodology | The total number of 40 participant were selected , 20 male and 20 female handball players of Inter collegiate Competition of Garhwal University. Their age ranged between 19-25 years.
Introduction of the questionnaires
Sports Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT) Questionnaire-
It was prepared by Rainer Martens. The test had widely used for measuring anxiety related to sports situations in most of the advanced countries. The test is reliable and valid. The pre-competition anxiety questionnaire had 15 items out of which 5 were spurious questions which was added to the questionnaire to diminish response bias towards actual test items.
These 5 questions were not scored. The subject was instructed to respond to each item according to how he generally felt at the time of competition.
Every student had three possible responses i.e.1.Hardly 2.Sometimes 3.Often
The 10 test items, which were taken for scoring purpose, were 2,3,5,6,8,9,11,12,14 and 15.The remaining items i.e. spurious items, which were not scored out, were 1,4,7,10,and13.
The scholar to ensure that the subjects responded to every item and there was no question left unanswered scrutinized the completed questionnaire. Items 2,3,5,6,8,9,11,12,14 and 15 were worded in such a manner that they scored accordingly to the following key:
Score Response
1 Hardly ever
2 Sometimes
3 Often
In case of items 6 and 11 scoring was carried according to the following key:
Score Response
1 Often
2 Sometimes
3 Hardly ever
However spurious questions i.e. 1,4,7,10 and 13 were not scored out as suggested by Rainer Martens.
To examine the pre-competition anxiety between male and female table tennis players, the pre-competition anxiety questionnaire (SCAT) developed by Rainer Marten was used. It consisted of 15 statements related to competitive situations. Scores obtained by each subjects on each statement were added up which represented one’s total score on pre-competition anxiety. Scores obtained on the anxiety questionnaires by subjects of various inter universities were added separately and score sheets evaluated in accordance with the instruction laid down in the manual of the test. The data collected was analyzed by using raw scores and t- test at 0.05level of significance. |
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| Sampling |
Purposive randomized sampling methods have been used.
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| Statistics Used in the Study | Independent t-test have been adopted.
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| Analysis | Table- 1
From the table-1 It is evident that the obtained t value is 5.37, which is significant at the 0.05 level as the value is greater than the Tabulated t- the value of 2.025. It may therefore be concluded that the pre-competition anxiety between males and females differs significantly. However, Female Hand Ball Players possess more anxiety (22.45) than male table tennis players.
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| Result and Discussion |
On the basis of the results following
conclusion is drowning.
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| Conclusion |
On the basis of the results following conclusion is drowning.
1. Female are found to be more anxious than male in this study.
2. The study revealed that male and female differ significantly in pre-competition anxiety from each other. |
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| Suggestions for the future Study | A similar type of study may be conducted on other sports persons. | ||||||||||||
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