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| Globalization : Its Impact On Culture of Youth In India | |||||||
| Paper Id :
16141 Submission Date :
2022-06-17 Acceptance Date :
2022-06-20 Publication Date :
2022-06-25
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| Abstract |
Globalization can be described as the process by which people of the world are unified into a single society and function together. It is the process of making transformation of something into global ones and a platform for maintaining evenness in living modes of the individuals all over the world. Globalization has a wide role to play worldwide. The interchange of world views and ideas has resulted in a major transformation in Indian culture. India has largest youth population. The youth in the present era, are on the verge of breaking the strict and old traditions of Indian culture because of their increasing acquisitive aspirations and global outlooks. With the evolution of globalization, our long lasting rituals, faiths, customs and traditions seem to have been disappeared. Globalization is accepted by Indian youth in such a way that our earlier generation never visualized. Youth demand cosmopolitan culture. The elements of western culture and life style occupy much space in the cultural life of youth today.
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| Keywords | Globalization, Youth, Culture, Impact. | ||||||
| Introduction |
Globalization has been a Universal phenomenon in the modern world. This process has directly affected the traditional societies and cultures of Afro-Asian nations. India is not left behind in this process. The process of globalization has influenced the time old social and cultural values and norms of behavior in India. Due to the impact of globalization the traditional structure of society has almost disintegrated. On account of globalization the traditional society and culture in India has come under direct onslaught of Western civilization and culture. The lifestyles, manners, living standards, etiquettes and interpersonal communications have been directly influenced. Old traditions have either wiped off or the same have been innovated in the light of Western ideas and ideologies. India has a rich cultural background and the pride of its culture is famous throughout the world but with the emergence of globalization and western culture, the Indian cultural values seem to be declining. Today's youth are growing up in the fast changing globalized world so they are at the forefront of bringing cultural changes.
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| Objective of study | The general objective of this study is to elucidate the wide spread cultural changes among youth in Indian society due to globalization. The specific objective are as follows:
1. To clarify the concept and process of globalization.
2. To describe the concept of youth in India.
3. To highlight the concept the Indian culture.
4. To see the impact of globalization on the culture of Indian youth.
5. To conclude the findings and give suggestions. |
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| Review of Literature |
Negrete Perze (2000) studied unity in diversity in global culture. The study refers to the impact of globalization on culture. The results show that global culture does not imply homogeneity. The study emphasizes the respect for individual values in order to make successful universal ones.
Gart Jittery (2001) studied youth, culture, media and globalization processes. The study shows that globalization has been advantageous to Greenland. It has broken country’s isolation. The disadvantage was the annihilation of local culture, rise to social stratification, frustration etc.
Linda Mc Dowell (2004) studied Global change, local lives, youth and societies. The study shows that neoliberal economic and social changes are radically transforming young people’s experiences and early adulthood in many parts of the world
Mishra S.K. (2006) studied socio-economic dimensions of globalization in India. The findings show that although globalization has affected Indian economy but it has pervasive effects on the society. It has its impact on social structure, values and attitudes.
Dr. Nagla B.K. (2009) conducted a study to see the impact of globalization on India society mainly on Indian culture. The findings show that globalization as trend has created its impact on each area of human activity.
Rao Mrinalini A. and Berry Ruchi (2013) studied globalization and identity remix among Indian adolescents in India. The study examines adolescents’ perceptions of cultural change and identity development during the age of globalization In India. Results show that adolescents remained strongly identified with traditional Indian beliefs and values. The findings revealed a blending between traditional and individualistic values among middle class adolescents of India today.
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| Main Text |
Today more than ever, the world is
shrinking and turning in to a global stage on which we all have our role to
play. In present times due to information and communication technology, limits
of time and space have become accessible. We see ourselves in the vortex of
events and changes and witness so many hybrid cultural products
and practices today. Some transformations are taking place in the present
world and these are visible everywhere and affect all sphere of life. All this
is due to globalization. It is the process by which the boundary lines between
different countries become insignificant and the whole world transforms into a
group. Globalization broadly refers to the expansion of global linkages, the
organization of social life on the global scale and the growth of the global
consciousness and hence to the consolidation of the global world society. The traditional concept of ancient
India known as ‘Vasudhaiv Kutumbkam’ can be taken as the starting point of
globalization in the real sense, in which the whole world is considered as a
family. Due to globalization world is becoming more uniform and standardized
through a technological, commercial and cultural synchronization coming from
the west. These perspectives equate globalization with westernization. The globalization was introduced in
India in 1991. The meaning of globalization varied widely according to the
context in which it is used. In economics, globalization is meant for the
economic integration and interdependence of the countries worldwide and the
expansion of capital finance and human resources. In politics and international
relation, the focus is on the increasing density of interstate relation and the
development of global politics. In sociology the concern is with the social
change and the emergence of world society. In cultural studies, the emphasis is
on the global communication and its influence on culture and identity. So, the
globalization refers to the extension of a whole range of economic, cultural
and political activities across the world landscape. Anthony Gidden (1990) says
“globalization can be defined as the intensification of worldwide social
relations which link the distant localities in such a way that local happenings
are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa.” The growing
economic and cultural interrelationship of the society on a global scale is of
a specific interest as it involves interaction at numerous levels.
Globalization is primarily an economic process of interaction and integration
that has associated with social and cultural aspect. Youth Youth is the period of transition
from childhood to adulthood. According to Oxford Dictionary, “Youth is
generally the time between childhood and adulthood.” The appearance, freshness,
vigor, spirit etc. are characteristics of one who is young. Youth is the term
used for people of both sexes male and female of young age. According to the
National Youth Policy in India, age group between 13 to 35 years is considered
as youth. India has the largest youth population in world today. India has more
than 50 % of its population below the age of 25 and more than 65 % below the
age of 35. The future of a nation lies in the
hands of youth. The strength of any nation is its youth. Youth are growing up
in a world of globalization taking prat in the developing process that is
bringing the people closure together. Youth hold the key to society’s future.
Many sociologists specializing in youth affairs have portrayed young people as
being at the forefront of social and even economic changes as they are growing
up in a globalized and increasingly commercialized media saturated world. The majority of Indian population is
young and they are accepting globalization in a way that older generation never
visualized. Youth see themselves as global teenagers. Youth in the globalizing
world reflects the assumption that a majority of the world’s young people share
a common cultural frame work. Youth culture can be interpreted as young
people’s own free space. Culture The culture is a very broad term
that includes our walks of life, modes of behavior, philosophies and ethics,
morals and manners, customs and traditions, values and religious faith etc. It
reflects the level of civilization that a particular society has attained. According to Tylor (1871) “Culture is a complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”. Our Indian culture is the heritage of social norms, ethical values, belief systems, political systems, artifacts and technologies that originated in or are associated with the ethno-linguistically diverse Indian sub-continent. In spite of various cultures and religions, unity and integrity among people is always there. The saying 'Unity in diversity' is very suitable for India. From the ancient period India is famous for its traditions and hospitality. The warmth in the relations and euphoria in celebrations make the country stand out distinctively in the global fraternity. The canvas of the Indian culture is vast and has hues and vibrancy of all sorts. |
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| Analysis | Impact of Globalization There are many ways that
globalization affects the culture. Over the ages India has an open approach to
cultural influences and has been enriched because of this. The culture of each
region is unique in itself. This uniqueness has been affected
due to globalization. Majority of young people are experiencing the
encouragement and freedom to break from traditional family norms. Youth are at
the front to follow the cultural changes in India. In the globalizing world
they are slowly attracting towards the alluring modern culture. The impact of
globalization is very much noticeable in a developing country like India. The effects of globalization on the
culture of youth are as follows: Family Structure: The Indian age-old culture,
the joint family system seems to be vanished away. The joint families have
become the strange surprise to the Indian youth, especially those residing in
metropolitan cities. The nuclear family system is blooming up. Youngsters treat
their parents as guests and their parents as burden. This can be clearly
manifested in the increasing number of old age homes that are present today.
Due to globalization youth are breaking the traditional family norms. Now
thenew generation is lacking the family cultural values. Globalization has
changed the mindset of the young generation. Food and Cuisine Indian food and cuisine form an
Integral part of the culture of India. Indian food and cuisine are different
with respect to different states. Every food in varied regions has its own
nutrient value. Indian food has its unique value for its extensive use of
spices and herbs. There is a wide variety of food throughout the country. Our
special traditional cuisines have been influenced by western cooking styles. Globalization has affected the food
and cuisine in India. Fast food and Chinese dishes have replaced the
traditional Indian foods. Junk food items have gained popularity among Indian
youth. The availability of various food and cuisine from all
the world has increased as many food joints like McDonald’s, KFC across the
country are opened. It has become the fashion for youth to show his or her
liking for the western food. Dress Culture The varied dresses in different
states maintain the dignity of men and women. ‘Saree’ and ‘Salwar Suit’ for
women and ‘Kurta Pyjama’, ‘Dhoti Kurta’ and occasionally ‘Sherwani’ for men
were elegant traditional Indian dresses. Now the
Indian dresses seem to be disappeared. The dress culture has changed due to
globalization. Youth have become more fascinated by the western dress culture.
Now wearing jeans and t-shirts have
become common in youngsters. There are many other modern dresses which are not
suitable to our Indian culture. The fusion of western fashion is in latest
trend. Our traditional Indian dress culture is totally transformed. Marriage System In Indian culture marriage used to
be considered as the bonding of souls but in present time the marriage is like
a professional bond and commitment. Traditionally life partners were searched
within the same caste, now the inter-caste marriages are common. The
traditional ways of arranged marriage by the parents’ consents have been
replaced by self settled marriage based on the liking of the partners.
Marriages are not based on Indian values and it is evident from the increasing
number of divorce, separation and extra
marital affairs. Due to the self-interest and ego factor among Indian youth,
the marriage values are deteriorating day by day. Indian
Performing Arts The music of India Includes multiple
varieties of religious, folk and classic music. Indian dance too has diverse
folk and classical forms. Kathak, Bharatnatyam, Kuchipudi and Odissi etc. are
popular dance forms in India. Indian Classical
music has gained worldwide recognition but recently western music is becoming
popular in our country. Fusing Indian music along with western music is
encouraged by young musicians. Western dance forms Hip hop, Salsa, Ballet and
Jazz have become common among youngsters. Dialect Use of English has increased to a
high level in urban areas. Each state in India has a separate first language
e.g., Kannada is the first language in Karnataka, Malayalam in Kerala, Bengali
in Bengal etc. The Indians are not very much in favour of promoting their
mother tongue or our national language. The way the foreign languages are
getting prevalent in India like German, French, Spanish right from the school
level is the examples of how much foreign languages are given importance as
compared to the Indian languages. Today’s youth feel shameful in speaking their
national language Hindi. They feel English has become the international
language for communication across the world so they give utmost importance to
English. Today’s youth feel themselves backward by speaking Hindi. English speaking
has become a fashion also. Social Worth Each society is known for its social worth and India is famous for it In Indian culture, the values of treating the guests as God, greeting elders with respect, warm-hearted welcoming is incorporated. ‘Atithi Devo Bhava’ is followed here. Namaste and touching the feet of elders were common ways of greeting elders but in modern culture Hi, Hello are used to greet people. In our traditional culture girls and boys were kept at distance with some limitations and restrictions but with the emergence of globalization they have started mixing with each other. The feature friendly approach is acceptable but over-freedom is not acceptable to the social worth of India. Special days celebrations like Valentine’s Day, Friendship Day etc. are examples of change in Indian culture. Traditional festivals are also celebrated with enthusiasm but feeling of togetherness and gathering of family relations can hardly be seen in modern young generation. Instead of old classical and art movies, Hollywood movies are quitepopular among youth. |
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| Conclusion |
The study focused to discover the new horizon of youth culture and cultural changes in Indian society in the context of globalization. In urban areas the modern values and practices are taking place, materialism is increasing, new trends in fashion and lifestyles are emerging. All these have led to drastic changes in Indian culture. Though most of these changes are confined to urban areas but the rural areas are fast catching up. New youth culture is emerging in India. It may be well reflected in their food, clothing, dialect etc. Globalization is influencing the Indian culture but it is not replacing it, rather there is a mixture of both cultures. |
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| Suggestions for the future Study | It is noted that culture can be seen as an unchanging fixed existence, that can remain the same. Our younger generation must be conscious about maintaining our old traditional culture with the adoption of new culture. There should be a blend of tradition and modernity among youth. Parents’ role is very important in this respect. They should watch and check each and every activity of their young children. Society should also be vigilant and take initiatives to inculcate moral values and ethics among youth. The younger generation need to move very cautiously with the globalization process to preserve our nation’s pride and maintain our cultural prestige. | ||||||
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