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| Land Use Pattern in Sawai Madhopur District: A Comparative Analysis (From 2010-11 To 2019-20) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Paper Id :
16177 Submission Date :
2022-07-06 Acceptance Date :
2022-07-07 Publication Date :
2022-07-17
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| Abstract |
Land is a key natural resource and predictor of socio-economic condition of any country. It has very deep impact on the growth and development of a region. Land use is also correlated with demographic ecosystem of a region with a kind of cause-effect relationship. Land-use change is a process which transforms the natural landscape by direct human induced activities such a settlements, commercial and economic uses, forestry, agriculture etc. For an agrarian economy like India land use is crucial which invariably depends upon factors such as irrigation, fertilizer, HYV seeds, agricultural mechanization and sophisticated agricultural techniques. Ever increasing population and its demand, land resources are degrading due to its unmindful and over exploitation. In absence of proper land use planning there is soil degradation, declining groundwater level, increased environmental pollution, declining agricultural land which creates concern for food security, poverty and livelihood for the common mass. Rajasthan has diverse agro-climatic region where different types of crops are being grown. Agriculture continued to be the backbone of Rajasthan economy as it contribute 25.19% of Gross State Value Added(GSVA) of Rajasthan(2019-20). Sawai Madhopur District region has plain as well as undulating terrain; hence optimal utilization of the scarce land resources through proper area specific policy is imperative for the overall balanced regional development.
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| Keywords | Land Use Pattern, Land Use Planning, Agriculture Education, Cropping Intensity, Organic Farming. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Introduction |
Land is that natural resource which provides basis for each developmental activity including agriculture. Land use pattern studies are one of the most important geographical studies to deduce the way land is utilized in a particular region. On this aspect many human activities such as social, economical, political and environmental activities are related.
India accounts for 17.7 percent of the world population but occupies only 2.4 percent of the world land area. India is agriculturally which country whose larger population still resides in rural areas for which land is like mother who gives them food, shelter and livelihood. In geography land is studied in relation with human and its activities.
The first land use survey and mapping was carried by Patrick Geddes, but the practical work on land use was carried by L D stamp. In India National land use Policy was formulated in 1988. land use planning is necessary to utilize the land in a scientific manner, create optimal forest and tree cover, control fallow land and other non agricultural purposes land, transform Barren and waste land in to Agricultural suitable land, develop permanent pasture land and increase agricultural cropping intensity for the overall growth in agricultural production.
Absence of land use planning has negative impact on environment and ecology, soil conservation, soil health, vegetation, wildlife etc which invariably also has negative impact on human life.
Ever increasing human population and its materialistic wants has created a wide gap between the demand and supply of land resource because land is a fixed natural resource. Human, through its scientific intelligence, had started to use this land in a very intensive manner such as use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, high yielding variety of seeds, extensive source of irrigation using tube wells, canals has also led to depletion of natural groundwater resources. This unsustainable use of resources snatched the resources for future generation through its present demands. Overcrowded and polluted urban areas, degrading culturable land and depleting quality of forest and tree cover areas can all be checked through optimal land use policy initiatives.
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| Objective of study | 1. To assess the contemporary land-use of the study area.
2. To analyze the land use pattern and its changing paradigm in Sawai Madhopur district.
3. To assess pressure on the land resources due to increased population and urbanization and suggest some remedial measures. |
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| Review of Literature |
Notable studies in land use had been carried out in the world as well as by Indian geographers. First such studies was carried out by LD Stamp in 1948 who adopted seven fold system of land viz. arable, heath and rough, pastures, Orchards and nurseries, meadowland, forest and Woodland, and urban areas in his Memorial work of "The land of Britain: Its uses and misuses". In India M Shafi 1960 was the Pioneer of land use studies. He published the land use survey of East Uttar Pradesh in 1962. In Rajasthan DP Singh 1972 and SC Kalwar 1973 started studies related to land use pattern.
Recently Ankit Jain (2011) has done study on “changing land use pattern in Sirohi district”. Dr. K. Naryane Gowda (2012) concluded that, in any region the land use pattern mainly depends on its physical characteristics along with institutional and other resource endowments like labor, capital available etc. H. Sharma, S.S. Burark and G.L. Meena (2015) studied Land Degradation and Sustainable Agriculture in Rajasthan. Vandana Mishra (2017) carried out study on “Land Resources and Population in Sawai Madhopur district: A Geographical Study”. Shravan Kumar Meena (2018) performed study on “Changing agriculture land use pattern in Dausa district”. Shamsher Singh (2019) studied “the changing land use pattern in Rajasthan”. Mahesh K. Gaur (2020) studied “Changes in Agricultural Land Use and Food Security: Challenges for North West, India”.
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| Main Text |
Study
Area The Sawai Madhopur district
is located in the south eastern region of the Rajasthan between 25°45' to 26
°41' North latitudes and 75º59' to 77º00’ East longitudes. Total area of the
district is 4498 sq. Km. The district Sawai Madhopur in comparison to other
district in terms of area at state level comes on 29th position in Rajasthan. Sawai Madhopur district has been divided into
8 revenue sub-divisions and tehsils namely- Sawai Madhopur, Choth ka Barwara,
Khandar, Bonli, Malarna Dungar, Gangapur City, Wazirpur and Bamanwas.
In Sawai Madhopur both
plain and undulating and isolated hill terrain lies. Plains of the region are
generally fertile with mostly alluvial light and sandy soil. The south and
south east portion of the district comprise hills and broken ground which form
a part of vast tract of rugged region enclosing the narrow valley of the
Chambal River. Northern, western and southern portion of the district has
scattered hills of Aravali. The landscape above sea level in the
region is between 450 to 600 meters. Climate of the study area is
largely a dry climate except during the short rainy season. According to the 2011 census, total population of Sawai Madhopur district was 13,35,551 . The sex ratio in the district is 911, the child sex ratio is 868, the literacy rate of the district is 78.96 percent, in which male literacy is 89.76 and the female literacy rate is 67.22 percent. According to the 2011 census, 80.05 percent population of the district is rural. According to agriculture census 2005-06, Sawai Madhopur district has farmers according to their operational holdings as marginal farmers (43.97%), small farmers (24.14%), semi medium farmers (17.87%), medium farmers (11.10%) and large farmers (1.61%). |
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| Methodology | This study is mainly based on mapping, diagram and statistical methods. To make this is study easily understandable and effective, pie chart, table and other diagrams have been used.
SOURCES OF THE DATA
This geographical study of land use is mainly based on secondary data which were being collected from District Information centre, Sawai Madhopur; District economic and statistical office, Sawai Madhopur; district census handbook 2011,Sawai Madhopur; Directorate of agriculture, Rajasthan etc.
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| Analysis | Comparative
Analysis:
Land being is scarce resource in Sawai Madhopur district, it is imperative to
perform comparative analysis of land use pattern over the years. Total reported
area of Sawai Madhopur district in 2010-11 was 497145 ha which increased by
meager 3 hectare in 2019-20.
In
2010-11, out of 497145 ha (100 %), forest area was 79288 ha (15.95%), area not
available for cultivation was 67477 ha (13.57%), permanent pastures and other
grazing land area was 24485 ha (4.93%), land under miscellaneous tree crops and
groves was 796 ha (0.16%), other uncultivated land area including culturable
waste land was 34478 ha (6.93%) and net sown area was 290621 ha (58.46%). While
in 2019-20, out of 497148 ha (100 %), forest area was 82887 ha (16.67%), area
not available for cultivation was 62405 ha (12.55%), permanent pastures and
other grazing land area was 25869 ha (5.20%), land under miscellaneous tree
crops and groves was 3255 ha (0.65%), other uncultivated land area including
culturable waste land was 34614 ha (6.98%) and net sown area was 28118 ha
(57.95%).
Changing
Paradigm of Land Use in Study Area: In this study, some classified land
areas increased while others are decrease.
It
is evidently found that there is a drastic change in gross cropped area and
area sown more than once. Gross cropped area increased from 82.94% to 91.29%
i.e. increment of 8.35 %( 41531 ha) and land area sown more than once increase
from 24.48% to 33.34% i.e. increment of 8.86 %( 44034 ha). This increase in
gross cropped area and area so more than once reported despite decrease in net
sown area by 0.51%(-2503 ha). Also
there is four fold increment in land under miscellaneous tree crops and groves
from 0.16% to 0.65% (increased by more than three hundred percent).
While there is increase in
forest area by 0.72% (3599 ha) and permanent pastures and other grazing land by
0.27 % (1384 ha), there is reduction in area not available for activation
including area under non agricultural purposes and Barren and unculturable land
by 1.02% (decreased by 5072 ha).
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| Conclusion |
From the above data and Facts regarding land use in the study area, following conclusive point can be observed:
1. There is increase in gross cropped area despite decrease in net sown area because of more and more area sown more than once had been increased during 10 year study period of the study area.
2. There is increasingly use of groundwater for irrigation using tube wells which resulted in increased gross cropped area despite fluctuating rainfall over the last 10 years.
3. Forest area are creeping but still well below National Forest policy 1988 target which establishes that a region should have one third area under forest cover.
4. Overall culturable land is decreasing due to degradation of land which is the cause of utmost concern.
5. Increased population and industrialization is pressurizing the land resources intensively hence it is imperative to formulate a region specific land use plan to check the unmindful and over exploitation of the resource. |
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| Suggestions for the future Study | 1. Appropriate agricultural crops should be promoted instead of water guzzling crops which pressurizes the groundwater level in the study area. 2. Uncultivated area including fallow and barren land should be made suitable for agriculture using modern techniques like using gypsum. Also expansion of barren land must be checked. 3. Soil erosion and desertification of land must be checked by educating and training to farmers with modern agricultural practices and techniques such as agro forestry, crop rotation, mixed farming etc 4. Land consolidation and land Reform programs must be encouraged to check the further fragmentation of land holdings for profitable and sustainable use of land resource. 5. Horticulture and organic crops should encouraged among farmers to utilize the maximum benefits in sustainable manner as the study region has over 2/3rd farmers are small and marginal. 6. Increasing population and urbanization is pressurizing the land, land bank should be encouraged for planned development of urban infrastructure as well as industries. |
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| References | 1. Rajasthan Agricultural Statistics at a Glance (2010-2020), Statistical cell, Directorate of Agriculture, Rajasthan, Jaipur
2. District Census Handbook, 2011, Sawai Madhopur District, Rajasthan
3. District Gazetteer, Sawai Madhopur
4. District Statistical Outline 2015, Economical and statistical office, Sawai Madhopur
5. Mishra, Vandana, 2017, ”Land Resources and Population in Sawai Madhopur district: A Geographical Study”, VBS Poorvanchal University, Jaunpur
6. Meena, Shravan Kumar, 2018, “Changing agriculture land use pattern in Dausa district ” Rajasthan University, Jaipur
7. Meena K. Rajeev, 2018,”water resources problems and its resolutions in Sawai Madhopur district”, Srinkhala peer reviewed journal.
Websites
8. https://www.indiastatdistricts.com/
9. https://agriculture.rajasthan.gov.in/content/agriculture/en/Agriculture-Department-dep.html
10. https://sawaimadhopur.rajasthan.gov.in/home/dptHome/52
11. https://rajasthan.gov.in/
12. https://www.google.com/
13. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawai_Madhopur_district
14. https://statistics.rajasthan.gov.in/content/planning-portal/en/des.html
15. https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1562687 |
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