For verification of this paper, please visit on http://www.socialresearchfoundation.com/researchtimes.php#8

Ground water is the important source for drinking, domestic and several other purpose for all kinds of organisms, water is essential for survival.Toxic pollutants utimatally reach the ground water and enter into the food chain, lock down also effect the ground water quality. In developing country large population is not know about the treatment of waste water. In this paper we study qualitative analysis of ground water before and after lock down, impact on total dissovel solid, total hardness, electrical conductivity and pH due to lock down. Water quality parameters were studies include the determination of pH-values, total alkalinity(T.A.), total dissolved salt(T.D.S.) and electrical conductivity(E.C.). In addition to it, the concentration of different metal cations sodium (Na+), potassium(K+), calcium(Ca++), Magnisium(Mg++) and anions like bicarbonate(HCO3-- ), NO3--(nitrate), F-(fluride) and SO4---(sulphate) were analysed and compared with Indian standereds (IS) and World Health Organisation (WHO).

To analyse the ground water of different villages of nanuta block after and before lock down.

Due to increasing population, industrial activities and agricultural water demand is also increase, water is the one of the natural recourse of the earth. It is essential for survival, there are no substitute for water, river are the most dynamic of the earth ecosystem their major function is transport of water, release of domestic sewage and industrial waste increase the concentration of sulphate and chloride in ground water [6]. Soil act as natural filtration and sediments makes the ground water free from organic impurities[5], A number of studies regarding pollution  of river Hindon & its tributaries have been carried out by different workers9.Last twenty year atmosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere was more polluted.[11]

The organic waste discharge from the industries were change the ground water quality[7] Sugar mill effluent decrease the water demand for irrigation8.The dissolved oxygen levels and biological oxygen demand increase in Ganga river two months of lock down[13]. Temperature, colour and turbidity are physical parameter of water analysis [14], if heavy metal enter the food chain they end the life of the human[16], water for drinking should be colourless, odourless, tasteless and free from turbidity. The ground water are changing due to human activities3.Surface water is more polluted then groun water so demand of ground water increase. Fresh water and neutral pH is important for drinking purpose of all living being[12]. Pure water is basic right of humans and fresh water is limited in many area of the world [15]. It is compulsory to maintain the water quality, mainly surface water was not drinkable without treatment[17], in post monsoon ground water flow south, southwest and southeast and in premonsoon southeast, southwest and south i.e. in opposite direction[18]. Pollution due to different activites change the aquatic life totally [19],

Over uses of ground water in the country decrease the water quality [20].

The study was conducted in the department of chemistry, saharanpur.Total 58 ground water sample were collected from 16 villages of nanuta block before and after lock down.Three sample from each village, before post monsoon 2017 and after post monsoon 2021, standered solution were prepared in double distilled water .Village were chora, jadauda panda, jhabiran ,kuwakhera, maheshpur, tikraul, bhojpur kanshipur, khudana, mora, pandokheri, chanderpur, mahespur, ratanheri, fetahpur and sadhauli. Samples were collected in glass reagent bottles and stored at very low temp to retain their original form.The samples were brought to the laboratory to determine the parameter.The reagents used for the analysis were AR grade and double distilled water were used for preparation of solutions.The pH and E.C.were measured by using Eutech-Cybernetics pH meter and E.C. scan meter.Total hardness, calcium, Magnisium were measured by EDTA titration. Sodium and potassium were analysed using flame photometer. Sulphate were determined napthalometrically using ELICO-52 Nepthalometer.Bicarbonate titration with 0.01N sulphuric acid, fluride were measured by ELICO-52 spectrophotometer, compared with Indian standereds (IS) and WHO.

Sampling was done in different reagent bottle from different villages of Nanuta block

The chemicals dissolved in ground water were analysed quantitavily for major cation   and anions before and after lock down.The overall range of nanuta block before lock down  T.D.S .range was 120-216mg/l, T.H. range 102-375mg/l, E.C.range130-652mg/l, pH range 6.3-7.5, and after lock down 123-223mg/l, T.H. range 109-378mg/l, E.C.range134-655mg/l, pH range 6.1-7.6.before lock down of Ca⁺⁺ was 13-52mg/l, Mg⁺⁺ was 12-62mg/l, Na⁺ was 19-46mg/l and K⁺ was1.2-2.5mg/l, the range of cations were , Mg⁺⁺˃Ca⁺⁺˃, Na⁺ ˃ K⁺ .Anions range NO₃^--  was 0.03-7.5mg/l  , F^-  was 0.15-0.65mg/l   , SO₄^—was 11-455mg/l  , HCO₃^{-- .}mg/l   ^.0.20-0.28  , the range of anions were SO₄^{- -} ˃ NO₃^-- ˃  F^-˃  HCO₃^{-- -}.  And after lock down Ca⁺⁺ was 15-58mg/l, Mg⁺⁺ was 14-61mg/l, Na⁺ was 21-44mg/l and K⁺ was1.4-2.5mg/l, the range of cations were , Mg⁺⁺˃Ca⁺⁺˃, Na⁺ ˃ K⁺ .anions range NO₃^--  was 0.12-7.6mg/l  , F^-  was 0.2-0.8mg/l   , SO₄^—was 9-53mg/l   , HCO₃^{-- .}mg/l   ^.0.20-0.28  ^,, the range of anions were SO₄^{-  -}˃ NO₃^--  ˃  F^-˃  HCO₃^-- .  Before lock down T.D.S . value of                Jadauda panda was highest and Pandokheri was lowest, T.H. value chora village was highest and Sadhauli was lowest and E.C. value Pandokheri was highest and mahespur was lowest, and after lock down T.D.S . value of Kuwakhera was highest and mora was lowest The ground water of different  villages were less polluted.

Table No.-1

Physico – chemical parameter of  nanuta block before lock down

S.	Name of village	T.D.S. mg/l	T.H.	E.C.	pH
No.			mg/l	mg/l
1.	Chora	187	375	445	6.9
2.	Jadauda panda	216	301	546	7.1
3.	Jhabiran	191	294	492	7.4
4.	kuwakhera	214	276	403	7.3
5.	Maheshpur	192	359	130	7.5
6.	Tikraul	134	106	556	6.7
7.	Bhojpur	141	141	439	6.6
8.	Kanshipur,	154	123	590	7.4
9.	Khudana	163	296	631	7.2
10.	Mora	122	116	440	7.3
11.	Pandokheri	120	118	652	7.5
12.	Chanderpur	194	120	132	6.8
13.	Mahespur	163	107	234	6.4
14.	Sadhauli	172	102	136	6.3
15.	Ratanheri	174	124	142	7.2
16.	Fetapur	193	354	430	7.1
	min.ave.v.	120	102	130	6.3
	max.ave.v.	216	375	652	7.5

Table No. - 2

Physico–chemical parameter of  nanuta block after lock down

S.	Name of village	T.D.S. mg/l	T.H.	E.C.	pH
No.			mg/l	mg/l
1.	Chora	189	378	447	6.8
2.	Jadauda panda	219	305	548	7.2
3.	Jhabiran	198	296	495	7.3
4.	kuwakhera	223	279	407	7.4
5.	Maheshpur	196	364	134	7.6
6.	Tikraul	135	109	558	6.7
7.	Bhojpur	146	145	442	6.6
8.	Kanshipur,	159	125	598	7.4
9.	Khudana	168	300	636	7.2
10.	Mora	123	118	447	7.3
11.	Pandokheri	127	120	655	7.5
12.	Chanderpur	197	124	135	6.8
13.	Mahespur	163	107	234	6.4
14.	Sadhauli	172	112	136	6.3
15.	Ratanheri	176	119	144	6.1
16.	Fatahpur	156	169	134	6.1
	min.ave.v.	123	109	134	6.1
	max.ave.v.	223	378	655	7.6

 

Physico – chemical parameter of  nanuta block after lock down

Table No. - 3

 Physico – chemical parameters of different villages of  nanuta block  before lock down

(cations and anions)

 

Table No. - 4

Physico – chemical parameters of different villages of  nanuta block  after lock down(cations and anions)

Table no-5

pH value before and after lock down of different villages of nanuta block

		before	after
	Name of village	pH	pH
1.	Chora	6.9	6.8
2.	Jadauda panda	7.1	7.2
3.	Jhabiran	7.4	7.3
4.	Kuwakhera	7.3	7.4
5.	Maheshpur	7.5	7.6
6.	Tikraul	6.7	6.7
7.	Bhojpur	6.6	6.6
8.	Kanshipur,	7.4	7.4
9.	Khudana	7.2	7.2
10.	Mora	7.3	7.3
11.	Pandokheri	7.5	7.5
12.	Chanderpur	6.8	6.8
13.	Mahespur	6.4	6.4
14.	Sadhauli	6.3	6.3
15.	Ratanheri	7.2	6.1
16.	Fetahpur	7.1	7.1

 

min.ave.v.	6.3	6.1
max.ave.v.	7.5	7.6

Table  No.-5

Different parameter according to Acceptable limit(IS) ,Permissible limit(IS) and Permissible limit(WHO)

S.No.	parameter	Acceptable limit(IS)	Permissible limit(IS)	Permissible limit(WHO)
1.	pH	6.5-8.5	6.5-8.5	6.5-8.0
2.	T.D.S.	500mg/l	2000mg/l	1000mg/l
3.	Ca	75mg/l	200mg/l	75mg/l
4.	Cl	250mg/l	1000mg/l	250mg/l
5.	Mg	30mg/l	100mg/l	50mg/l
6.	So4--	200mg/l	400mg/l	150mg/l
7.	T.H.	200mg/l	600mg/l	500mg/l
8.	T.A.	200mg/l	600mg/l	-
9.	HCO3-	300mg/l	-	-
10.	Na	200mg/l(BIS)	-	200mg/l
11.	D.O.	4-6mg/l(USPH)	-	-

The ground water of different villages of nanuta block before and after lockdown were not more polluted, so used in different purposes.

1. De A.K.& De A.K.,environmental chemistry,waste water treatment,page 291-295,2017. 2. Guidelines for drinking water quality –World Health Organisation (WHO) 2004. 3. Gehreels H.,Peters,N.,E.Hoehn.,E.JensenK., Leibundgut,C.Griffioen,J.,Webb,B., and Zaadnoordijk.,W.J(Eds) Impacts of Human Activity on Ground water Dynamics IAHS Pub.No.269,2001. 4. Indian standered ,IS10500L:Drinking water specification,2012. 5. Karanth K.R.,hdrology ,new delhi tata McGraw-Hill,1989 6. Mukhapadhyay,S.,Mukherjee R.physico-chemical and Microbiological quality Assessment of ground water in adjoining Area of tamla Nala,Durgapur,District., Burdwan (W.B),India Intrunational Journal of Environment Science 4:360-366,2013. 7. Prakash P., Srivastava S.k.andbhartariya K.G. central ground water board Northern Region,vol.28,1-2 ,2013. 8. Saranraj.P.and Stella D.Impact of sugar mill effluent to environment and bioremediation,AReview , world applied science journal 30(3), 1818-4952,299-316 ,2014. 9. Verma ,S.R. and Muthur,R.P. Characterstics and pollution effect of paper mill wastes on Hindon river.,Institution of Engineers (india),roorkee,vol.2,,E-4,1-11.,1971. 10. Verma ,S.R and Dalela ,R.C.,Studies on the pollution of the Kalinadi by industrial wastes near mansurpur,part I&II,Actahydochim hydrobiol.3(3),239-274,1975. 11. Ali P. yunuia,b,Yasuski Science of the total Environment,vol.731, 20 auguest 2020. 12. Shrikant Kate,Shridhar Kumbhar and prajkta tamale,applied water science10,artical number:95 2020. 13. http://doi.org/10.3389/frwa 2021.603531. 14. Rohit Sharma, Raghvendra Kumar, Fron. , 21 january 2016. 15. Yirdaw Meride &et.al.Environmental systems research research, vol.87, issue-7, july 2015. 16. Geoffrey K. Kinuthia,Veronica Nqure,Luna Kamau,scientific reports 10, artical no. 8434 21 may 2020. 17. W.D.Sean, Turner, Jennie S.R.ice landon Marston, Nature Comminication, artical no.7254,13 december(2021). 18. A.k.Batanyal, Surajit Chakraborty, water environmental Environ.Sci. 11 december 2020 http://doi.org/10.3389/fenvi.2020.581591. 19.https://doi.org/10.3389/fenus.2020.58159. 20. Gupta R.,srivastava P.&et.al.,International Journal of theoretical & applied Science 10(1):79-82(2018).