For verification of this paper, please visit on http://www.socialresearchfoundation.com/innovation.php#8

Pollution is an undesirable change in the physical chemical and biological characteristics of our air water and soil that may or will harmfully affect human or plant life. The term pollution be restricted to certain human activities for instance affluent industrialized countries are dumping a lot a materials and waste in their immediate environment. Being non degradable the heavy metals persist in the environment and accumulate in living organisms through food chain some heavy metals such as manganese are normal constituents of living organisms but becomes hazardous when their presence exceeds a certain level.

This is study the problem of environmental pollution by heavy metals has attracted much attention in recent years. The metals have density greater than 5 gm cm-3 and atomic number greater than 23 are accumulated in to the environment through various human activities such as discharge through industrial effluent/emission use of fertilizers automobile exhaust etc.

Grieve and Flateher (1976) studies the distribution of heavy metals Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe in the river draser (Canada) Geo chemical maps and statistical analysis disclose close relationships between trace metal concentration. Petterson (1976) studied the uptake by heavy metal by various plant parts in case of cucumber, oat, tomato and wheat. Lag and Elsokkary (1978) studies the presence of certain heavy metals in some crops grown in industrially polluted soils at oddo.

Kozak and Tarkowaki (1979) studies magnese copper zinc iron and magnesium contents at different growth stages of tritloale wheat and rye. Niemtur et al (1979) observed the presence of some heavy metals in the needles of 3 pins species from area of a zinc work. The ash content and Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd and Fe in Pinus nigra, Pinus Strobus were determined, Taylor (1979) studied the distribution of eleven heavy metals (Mn, Pb, cd, Cr, Co, Cu, ng, Ni Ag v and Zn) in coastal sediments extending from Scottish border to the wash. Fytianos et. al (1986) investigated the distribution of heavy metals in several rivers and lakes of Northern Greece, Samples of surface water were collected once a month from rivers and lakes over the period of 1983-84.
Govardhan (1989) studied heavy metal pollution of different inland lakes of Northern Himalaya.
Pradhan et. al (1990) did chemical and biological analysis of the soil and plant samples collected at different sites of Bagmati river and its tributaries in Kathmandu (Nepal) The main cause of pollution is due to dumping of untreated sewage waste of Kathmandu and Patan and the industrial waste water discharged directly or indirectly in to Bagmati river.
Israili (1991) studied the occurrence of heavy metals in Ganga river water and sediment of various districts of Uttar Pradesh like Dehradun, Saharanpur Meerut etc. He suggested that pollution in these district is due to heavy inflow of untreated or inadequately treated municipal and industrial effluents discharge and also through other human activities due to increased population and industrial development. Chahat et. al (1979) showed uptake and translocation of zinc and Mn absorbed through roots and fruiting organs in pea nuts. pea nut plants (Arachis hypogeal) are known to absorb Ca, P and S through the fruiting organ but information on the Zn uptake is lacking. A green house experiment was conducted to study the uptake and translocation of Zn when applied in rooting and fruiting zones of pea nut plants to locate the pathway and distribution of radioactive Zn auto radiographs of plants were also taken intake data and auto radiography indicated that a substantial amount of Zn was absorbed through fruiting organ of the total Zn in whole plants 55.2% was absorbed through roots and the remaining 44.8% through fruiting organs Zn was translocated to all the plant parts regardless of its absorption through roots of fruiting organs.

Kozak and Terkowaski (1979) studied Magnese iron and magnesium contents at different growth stage of triticale wheat and rye. Memon and Yatazawa (1982) reported that extraction of Mn from plants may provide information concerning the chemical from in which it is bound in sensitive and tolerant plant Bhargava and Singh (1982) found that seedling growth of certain cucurbits cereals and legume was promoted at lower concentration and inhibited at higher concentration. Goel (1992) studied the physiological effects of polluted river water containing heavy metals on certain legumes, cucurbits and cereals. Result have shown the increased growth in presence of lower doses and discussed growth in presence of higher dloses.

Heavy metal Occurrence in the environment and plants
The flow of heavy metals, through different path ways to food stuff sand man is of fundamental interest in relation to human health. Heavy metals accumulate in many biological systems. The influence of the trace metal analysis of sea weeds for determining the distribution of heavy metal in fzord areas was investigated. Davis and Jack snow 1975 studies the presence of heavy metals in waste water in three urban areas. They have reported the occurrence of high- concentration of several toxic elements in the domestic and municipal waste. They have also shown that continuous addition of town waste in to the canal water may further enhance the concentration of heavy metal, which may be a health hazard in those areas further, the continuous application of such water and waste to soil result in enrichment of heavy metal in soil Ellison  (1976) studied the heavy metal content in moss Hypnum cupresiforma growing in the region of consett. The levels of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, cd and Mg were determined near a Fe and steel manufacture unit.

Cereals
The seed germination and subsequent seedling growth was also studied in pretreated seeds of cereal viz. Zea Mays Linn CV. Golden hybrid.
On the basis of trial experiments here three concentrations used are 1, 10 and 50 mg/1 M. Result shows that germination and seedling growth shows that germination and seedling growth of cereal is promoted at 1 mg/ 1 Mn concentration and inhibited at 10 and 50 mg/1 Mn concentration. However the extents of inhibition is more at higher concentration. Results are shown in table.
ZEA MAYS Table and figure shows the effect of manganese pretreatment to seeds of Zea-Mays linn. CV. Golden hybrid on germination and subsequent seedling growth in dark.
Germination table show that there is both acceleration and retardation in present seed germination of Zea Mays in lower and higher concentration of manganese in dark however the extent of inhibitions more at higher manganese concentration table.
Effect of Manganese on Germination Percentage of ZEA MAYS CULTIVAR GOLDEN HYBRID seedlings grown in Dark.

  

Seedling Growth
Table and figure shows that like germination growth indicates promotion and inhibition in lower and higher concentration of manganese this seedling growth promoted at 1 mg/1 Mn concentration and inhibited 10 50 Mg/1 Mn concentration. Thus in 1 Mg/1 Mn concentration at 5^th day root and shoot lengths are 129.8% and 112.4% of the control respectively. Similarly fresh weight parameters are promoted at lower concentration. Thus in 1 mg/1 Mn concentration on 5^m day root and shoot fresh weights are 133.9% and 117.2% of the control respectively. Unlike promotion at higher concentrations Zea Mays shows inhibition of seedling growth. Thus on the 5^m day root and shoot lengths are 62.4% and 59.7% of the control respectively in 50 mg/1 Mn concentration. Like wise these inhibitions are observed in fresh weights of root and shoot on the same day.
Table also show that pattern of dry matter transfer from cotyledons and distribution in the seedling parts as affected by manganese pretreatment to seeds in dark. In the control as well as 1 mg/1 Mn treated sets the rise in dry matter of root and shoot is paralleled by the loss of dry matter from cotyledon where as at the two inhibitory concentration, the dry matter increase in root and shoot are suppressed with simultaneous decrease in dry matter loss/transfer from cotyledon. However the dry matter distribution in the seedling part is nearly similar in the control and manganese treated sets foy et. al (1978) studied that plant species and cultivar differ widely in their tolerance to excess soluble or exchangeable Mn, Maize and rice are more tolerant than soybean or barley.
ZEA MAYS CV. G.H.

MANGANESE CONCENTRATION, Mgl^-1
Table Effects of 24th Pretreatments of seeds with different concentrations of manganese on the growth of Zea Mays
CV Golden hybrid seedling in Dark

The studies on the effect of pretreatment of heavy metal Mn carried on yield of Zea Mays CV. Golden hybrid. Result show that there is retardation of yielding growth in presence of higher concentration of Mn and acceleration of growth and yield is the lower concentration of same metal.

1. Ashraf, A. Rashid, M. Ali Q. and Malik, A. (2020) Genetic advances and Hesitability Analysis for seedling growth Traits in zea mays under heavy metal stress, Genetics and Molecular Research 19. 2. Bhargava, A.K. and S.N. Singh (1982): Twin action of growth promotion and inhibition of certain cucurbits and legumes by the heavy metals Ni and Zn Journ. Ind. Bot. Soc. 61 (Suppl) 790. 3. Chahal et. al (1979): uptake and translocation of zn absorbed through roots and fruiting organs in pea nuts, plant soil 51 (1) 109-116. 4. Foy et. al (1978) The physiology of plant tolerance to excess available aluminium and Manganese in acid soils publication plant psyiol Instt. ARS. Belts villa. 5. Fytianos et. al (1986) comparative study of heavy metal pollution in various rivers and lakes of Northern Greece Ambio is (1) 42-44. 6. Grieve and Flateher (1976) Heavy metals in deltic sediments of the prescher river British columbia cand. J. Env. Sci 13 (2) 1683-93. 7. Goel (1992) studies on effect of polluted waste on certain crops with particular reference to distillery effluent discharge Ph.D. thesis Meerut university Meerut (India). 8. Govardhan (1989): heavy metal pollution of different land lakes of Northern Himalaya, Ind. Journ Environ. Projection 9 (7) 531-36. 9. Israeli (1991) occurrence of heavy metals in Ganga river water and sediments of western Uttar Pradesh Pollution Research 10 (Z) : 103-105