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| Population Dynamics of Zooplanktons in Two Different Stations of Tapti River in Burhanpur District (M.P.) | |||||||
| Paper Id :
16334 Submission Date :
2022-08-06 Acceptance Date :
2022-08-20 Publication Date :
2022-08-25
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| Abstract |
Tapti is one of the major perennial rivers flowing towards west coast of India. The 720 km. Long river originates near Multai in the Betul District of Madhya Pradesh.The present study has been done to find out the diversity of zooplankton in Tapti River at two sampling sites viz,Nagjhirighat and Burhanpur from November 2018 to April 2019. The objective of the study was to observe the population dynamics of zooplanktons of Tapti river at Burhanpur district. In these two stations 6 group and 28 genera of zooplanktons were found. The total zooplankton groups in the river were Rotifera (10 species), Cladocera (7,), Copepoda (4), Protozoa (3 species), Ostracoda (2 species), Insects (2 species). Rotifera was the most dominating group in both the stations.
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| Keywords | Tapti River, Population Dynamics, Zooplankton, Protozoa, Rotifera, Copepoda, Cladocera, Ostracoda, Insects . | ||||||
| Introduction |
Water is vital for life and plays an important role as a medium in all biological processes. Tapti river is one of the important biodiversity rivers of India. This is an important source of water in Burhanpur district and it is called the lifeline of M.P. The branch of science that deals with the study of organisms found in stagnant and fresh water is called limnology (Wetzel,2001). Population dynamics is study of how and why population change in size and structure over time. Important factors in population dynamics include rates of reproduction, death and migration.
Plankton-meaning “Wanderer” and “drifter”. The zooplanktons form a link between phytoplanktons and microscopic invertebrates which they provide food to fish and aquatic birds. Zooplanktons are microscopic aquatic organisms that are non-motile or swimmers and float in water columns of sea or fresh water to cover any great distance. These are heterotrophs that play an important role in linking the primary producers and high trophic level to the food chain. Protozoans, Rotifers, Cladocerans, Copepods and Ostracods etc. have been included in fresh water zooplanktons.
Zooplanktons are the link in the water by which energy in transferred from the lower trophic level to higher thophic level (Agnieszka et al.,2015). Zooplanktons respond quickly to changing environment. So by studying them we can find out the population dynamics.
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| Objective of study | The objective of the study was to observe the population dynamics of zooplanktons of Tapti river at Burhanpur district. |
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| Review of Literature | Sarang et al., (2017) The zooplankton found during the study were classified into major 5 groups Protozoa, Cladocera , Rotifera, Copepoda and Ostracoda. Rotifera consisted highest generic diversity. The taxonomic diversity of Rotifera were 38.71%, Cladocera 25.80%, Copepoda 16.13%, Protozoa 9.68%, Ostracoda 9.68% were noted in Tapi River. Pandit et al.,(2020), obtained 23 genera of zooplanktons out of which 6 of Rotifera (43.60%), 5 of Protozoa(18.10%), 5 of Cladocera (31.11 %), 4 of Copepods (22.93% ) and 3 genera of Ostracods(13.4 %) were identified from Ganga river. Similar results were reported by various researchers (Negi et al., 2013, Sharma, 2020). |
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| Main Text |
Figure
1:Satellite map showing Burhanpur district of state Madhya Pradesh (marked in
circle)
Figure: Satellite map showing all two stations(Nagjhirighat,Burhanpur) marked in Burhanpur district (M.P.) |
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| Methodology | Study Area- Tapti is one of the major holy river of the country . Tapti River flows for 193km. from Multai and reaches Burhanpur. The Tapti river flows through the district from east to west. The water samples were collected from the river Tapti from 2 sites (S1 to S2) at Burhanpur , (during the period of May 2019 to October 2019). |
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| Sampling |
The sampling
was carried out over a period of two year. Drift sampling was carried out
between 8.00 a.m. to 12.00 p.m. at the two sampling sites on the same day of
collection. Samples were collected using plankton net (size 30x30x75 cm.,
mesh size 25µ,made of bolten silk). Suspended across the current
direction for 30 min. The planktons were preserved in 5% formaldehyde
after collection to prevent contamination of the bacteria and autolysis. Identification
and counting method-In the laboratory, analysis of plankton were made using
a Sedgwick Raftar plankton cell under a binocular microscope (Meopta; PRAHA
52027) following the method of Welch (1947) and APHA AWWA WPCF
(1981). Using taxonomic keys of Edmondson (1959),
Desikachary(1959),Needham and Needham (1962),Allan (1984) and Kamat and Sarode
(1984) the forms were identified, to the species level as far as possible. Counting of the
individual plankton was done by “Lac Keys” dropping methods (1935) using
the formula Plankton units/Liter = N×C × 10/Y Where N = Number of
plankton counted in 0.1 ml concentrate. C = Total
volume of concentrate in ml. Y = Total
volume of water filtered for sample in liters. |
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| Result and Discussion |
On
Tapti river from November 2018 to april 2019 , 6 group and 28 genera
of zooplanktons were found at site no S1,S2.(Table no 1).
Following was the sequence of influence of the zooplankton groups in Tapti
River- Rotifera > Cladocera > Copepoda > Protozoa > Ostracoda >
Insects. The total zooplankton groups at site S1 in the river were Rotifera (10
species,37.90%), Cladocera (7, 22.15%), Copepoda (4, 16.01%), Protozoa (3
species, 10.22 %), Ostracoda (2 species,5.9 %), Insects (2 species, 7.21%). On
Tapti river from November 2018 to April 2019 , 6 group and 28 genera
of zooplanktons were found at site no S1,S2.(Table no. 1). The
total zooplankton groups at site S2 in the river were Rotifera (10 species,
36.59 %), Cladocera (7, 23.46%), Copepoda (4, 17.66 %), Protozoa (3 species,
11.96 %), Ostracoda (2 species,6.92 %), Insects (2 species, 3.38 %). Dominating
group was Rotifera at S1 and S2. Similar result were reported by Das et
al (2016). Sarang et al., (2017) The zooplankton found
during the study were classified into major 5 groups Protozoa, Cladocera ,
Rotifera, Copepoda and Ostracoda. Rotifera consisted highest generic
diversity. The taxonomic diversity of Rotifera were 38.71%, Cladocera
25.80%, Copepoda 16.13%, Protozoa 9.68%, Ostracoda 9.68% were noted in
Tapi River. Pandit et al.,(2020), obtained 23 genera of
zooplanktons out of which 6 of Rotifera (43.60%), 5 of Protozoa(18.10%), 5 of
Cladocera (31.11 %), 4 of Copepods (22.93% ) and 3 genera of
Ostracods(13.4 %) were identified from Ganga river. Similar results were
reported by various researchers (Negi et al., 2013, Sharma,2020).
Table 1. Month-Wise Population Density (Units/L.) Of Zooplanktons At S1 And S2 Station From November 2018 To April 2019.
Table 2. Total Number of Zooplankton Species and Percentage Between November 2018 To April 2019 At Site S1,S2.
Fig
3: Total Abundance of Zooplanktons At Station S1,S2 Between November 2018 To
April 2019. Diversity
Indices of Tapti River- Highest population recorded at station S1 and lowest at S2 between November 2018 to April 2019. Simpson Index was found be maximum (0.038) at S2 and minimum (0.036) at S2. Simpson index of diversity was minimum (0.95) at S2 and maximum (0.98) at S1. Simpson Reciprocal Index recorded highest (27.51) at station S1 and lowest (26.25) at S2. Shannon Weiner Index was minimum (1.39) at S1 and maximum (1.41) at S2. Margalefs Index recorded highest (9.40) at station S1 and lowest (9.19) at S2. Evenness was minimum (0.41) at S1 and maximum (0.42) at S2.
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| Findings | Population dynamics of zooplanktons in two different stations of Tapti river in Burhanpur district | ||||||
| Conclusion |
The study of the above mentioned zooplankton shows that the Tapti river water is suitable for irrigation and for fish culture. The number of animals was found more in summer and less in rainy season. Similarity of zooplankton was found at both the sites. No bio indicator species of zooplankton related to pollution was found, so the water of Tapti river is potable, cultivable and suitable for fish farming. |
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