|
|||||||
Motherhood Boon or Curse in Emecheta’s the Joys of Motherhood | |||||||
Paper Id :
16476 Submission Date :
2022-09-17 Acceptance Date :
2022-09-24 Publication Date :
2022-09-25
This is an open-access research paper/article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For verification of this paper, please visit on
http://www.socialresearchfoundation.com/innovation.php#8
|
|||||||
| |||||||
Abstract |
Buchi Emecheta uses her pen to describe Nigerian women's sensitive untouched stories and suffering as a Nigerian author. In Nigeria, a woman has to fight for surviving. Marriage and motherhood are essential for staying women. Sometimes marriage, and motherhood play a crucial role in the life of Nigerian women in the Ibo traditional society. In Africa, it is pretty standard and key to all life culture. The husband must have a lot of wives, and wives bear many children. These are the ornaments of men and women of African society. After puberty, a woman must marry and perform the traditional role of producing children. Without children, a woman is nothing and useless like barren earth. The main destiny of Nigerian women is to be a mother of seven to ten children. This prejudice is an enormous pride of Ibo society. Through Nnu Ego, Buchi Emecheta frankly represents motherhood which is a position. However, it damages all dreams and vision in the eyes of the mother. Mother gets nothing but the title of mother.
|
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Keywords | Motherhood, Ornament, Crucial, Buchi Emecheta, Patriarchy, Tradition. | ||||||
Introduction |
Buchi Emecheta’s work, The Joys of Motherhood, is opposite to the title. In this novel, no joy makes the mother happy except for distraction in Africa. In the Ibo tradition, marriage is an essential ritual for girls and boys. Marriage is a source of Joy for men, but it is the opposite for women. After marriage, people ask women to bear the child. A woman must face many unnecessary questions and complexities if she takes to conceive. Sometimes, she is tagged as barren. Man is free to enjoy life. Nobody dares impose a single question on man to ask about fatherhood. All questions go to women. Man deserts his wife if she cannot bear a child, and man can remarry quickly to grow a family tree. Children are the form of gods in Ibo society. The child is the symbol of happiness, especially the male child. The birth of a child is celebrated with great pomp. Children are considered helpers while the parents grow old. ‘Joys of Motherhood’ represents this reality of life. Women find nothing in the process of motherhood.
Nnu-ego is the daughter of Agbadi. Her father gets her married to Amatokwu. However, Nnu-ego fails to conceive. People blamed her as barren and juiceless. So Amatokwu is free to hold the second wife, and Nnu-Ego returns to Agbadi. Nnu-ego re-marries Nnaife Owulum. She hates him on the first night, but he finds the right to have a sexual relationship with her. He brutally raped her at night, but she could do nothing. She soon realizes she is blessed with a child, and Nnaife impregnates her. After birthing, the child cannot survive long. Finally, she is proud of seven children’s mothers (three boys and four girls).
But at last, she feels alienated and misses her children. Her children do not care and never return to her. Her whole life was shattered in poverty and the cradle of children. No child has time for her, so she is robbed by her children. Nnu-ego expresses her grief through these words:
“God, when will you create a woman who will be fulfilled in herself, a full human being, not anybody's appendage? I was born alone, and I shall die alone. What have I gained from all this? And if I am lucky enough to die in peace.” [1]
Successfully, Emecheta picturizes a reality of her contemporary social tradition where motherhood is a symbol of completeness; if married women want a prestigious place or right from their husband, they must be a mother.
The lack of a child is a symbol of inadequateness. She never deserves proper respect from her husband or society. In traditional Nigerian Ibo society, women are only trained and confined to grow a family tree. Tradition is a critical web where the survival of women is difficult. No one can be safe from this crucial tradition. It includes a lot of myths, theories, assumptions, affairs, and practices that are to obey without arguing.
Nigerian society's rules are the same. Modernity never affects the condition of women. It always dominates women under the shackles of tradition and culture. Emecheta's novels are remarkable evidence of woman’s suffering, problems, and sacrifices. In the Joys of motherhood, Emecheta picturizes her journey from childhood to motherhood. She feels or rejoices the pride of the dearest daughter of Agbadi. Her first husband, Amatokwu, abuses and blames her for not becoming a mother. Gradually, he behaves like an animal to Nnu-ego. One day he remarries, and she returns to Ibuza. Her father, Agbadi, welcomed her. After many years, she remarries Nnaife. She does not accept Nnaife's physical appearance. But she to think that she would get the tag of motherhood by impregnation Emecheta describes how the people expect a woman to be a mother and good wife, sound woman for the society, family, and community. This story focuses on how crucial it is to maintain their people's values. Nnu-Ego also wants to live
up to her father's standards by becoming a good wife and mother. A good wife means to obey her husband's command without saying anything.
Agbadi says:
“Let her go, she is as barren as a desert.” [2]
The motive of Ibo males is to suppress their wives using conjugal rights. Buchi Emecheta’s title Joy of motherhood is also a line of Efuru. Both have the same similarity, just the traditional practices of motherhood. Motherhood is just like a boon for conventional Ibo people. But gradually, this boon transforms into curses for the mother. The Joy of motherhood can understand this. Nnu-Ego is pregnant with her first child, but he cannot survive long. Then, she becomes the mother of twin daughters. In this way, she gives birth to seven healthy children: three sons and four daughters. She is on cloud nine after getting the tag of seven children’s mothers. But very soon, she notices that she has engrossed in raising children and doing another homely chorus. Day by day, she feels that she is falling into the pit. But she can do nothing to become a puppet. Her life moves around her children. She thinks about her children's growth and development, but the title of motherhood eats her gradually, which she never sees it. After being a mother, she thinks that she will be prosperous in her coming age because she is a mother of seven children, but motherhood becomes a silent worm that, like a termite, her body and soul. Katherine Frank expresses her view on the Joy of Motherhood, “The complete futility of motherhood that we find in the joy of the motherhood is the most heretical and radical aspect of Emecheta’s vision of the African women."[3]
|
||||||
Objective of study | the objective of this paper aims to learn about motherhood. How motherhood has become a curse for women. Many scholars and critics have written down this topic. The novel the Joy of Motherhood represents women’s condition in society. The title of this novel is full of sarcasm on the boon of motherhood. Its purpose is to raise awareness of the situation of women, like the burden of motherhood, loneliness, and gender discrimination. |
||||||
Review of Literature |
A lot of research work is done on the patriarchal system. Through this paper, sweet motherhood change into a dig of garbage. This is the reality of society. |
||||||
Main Text |
She becomes a
traditional Nigerian wife and mother without respect for these complications.
Emecheta explores the themes of the negation of motherhood. Emecheta tries to
search for women's identity in this Ibo culture society. Nnu-Ego is her
father's princess, but she has to follow the rules and strict traditions to
achieve womanhood and motherhood. Her life is discarded and sacrificed at the
altar of ritual, myth, and culture. When Nnu-Ego fails to follow the
traditional rules of women (motherhood), her father, Agbadi, also rejects her.
The taunting of the childless constantly shivered her soul like an arrow.
Emecheta points: “It is in Ibuza
that a childless marriage is not recognized. When a woman is virtuous, it is
easy for her to conceive.” [4] According to
Ibo's standards, her compulsion to stay with Nnaife is to prove she is a good
wife and mother. She has hated him since the first night. Nobody can escape
from the imprisonment of tradition. When she gets the happiness of motherhood,
she has to struggle to nurture her children. She must work hard to feed them.
She has to perform the double duty of a father and a mother because her husband
works under the colonizer. His income is insufficient to provide for the
children properly; she works as a street-side peddler. This society exploited
her. She wipes the tag of barrenness, but her happiness never comes into her
life. She wants to be a good mother/complete mother to children. So, she
decides to support her husband in financial matters. She has to face many
complications and difficulties to cross all hurdles. Nnu-Ego is entirely
devoted to her children. Her life starts with her children, which is why she
thinks the future will be full of Joy and happiness, but all her sweet dreams
never come true. She has no escaping from her physical as well as internal
pain. It seems she remains to bear all pain without expressing uneasiness and
unhappiness. When she is with her first husband, he has a sexual relationship
with his junior wife. Nnu-Ego has to face the junior wife without complaint.
Amatokwu neglects her day by day. “if I go to
Amatokwu hut, they will say I am jealous because he prefers the young nursing
mother to me.” [5] The same
condition is in her eyes in the hut of her first husband when he is with his
new younger wife. Nnaife throttles her privacy bitterly. It is tough to stay in
the same cabin while her husband is with his new wife, Adaku. She has to sleep
on the floor with her baby. Emecheta presents a painful condition of society.
Nnaife is shameless; he never cares for his child because he has a relationship
with his new wife before his child. This act is entirely illicit. Buchi lights
the suffering of Nigerian women. Nnaife always picks the condition to show his
manhood before Nnu-Ego. When pregnant with his first child, she asks Nnaife
about her pregnancy. Is he happy or not? Nnaife boasts his manhood before her.
She never becomes a mother without him. He has the power to impregnate her. It
is not a moment of happiness except to show his power or manhood. “Of course, I am
happy to know that I m a man, yes, that I can make a woman pregnant… Remember,
though, without me you could not be carrying that child.” [6] She never
achieved a proper place in the eyes of her husband. He is quite a typical Ibo
husband who has no words of praise. Nnaife has too much superiority. He never
takes a single step for the welfare of Nnu-Ego and his children. He knows how
to spend a little money on drinking. Nnu-Ego is always busy thinking about the
welfare of children, especially sons. However, she sends her sons and daughters
to school for education. She never touches the book, but she wants them to
educate. Her health worsens gradually due to many deliveries, pregnancies, and
malnutrition. Her daughter Kehinde goes away without informing anyone. He
raises the question of bringing the children to Nnu-Ego. "All her
struggles and efforts to be a good mother, to give all that she could to be her
children, etc. went in vain.” [7] She is anxious for her children's happiness; she manages everything without Nnaife’s help. She bears beyond all limits. She achieves nothing but humiliation, suffering bandages, and hypocrisy. Now she wants to break all shackles, chains, and obligations. But she knows very well; she never achieves freedom from all applications. She thinks that death gives a piece to her and her soul. Lack of nutrition, she grows old in her adulthood. She is always busy doing work for her children instead of making friends.“She had never really made many friends, so busy had she is building up her joys as a mother.” [8]
|
||||||
Conclusion |
Emecheta builds this story under the tradition of patriarchal oppression. Patriarchy and hierarchy controlled women because they were only a commodity used and were thrown like things. She is thrown like waste material. Buchi Emecheta shows the hollowness of motherhood; at the age of forty, Nnu-ego is pregnant again, but this embryo dies in the womb. She feels proud of bearing a child at such an age but feels bad for a dead child in these moments. At the last of the novel, she is compelled to think about what duties go on father to children. A mother has to carry a child in her womb, feed the breast, manage clothes, education, etc. After all, the mother is nothing; people ask about her nurturing and caring for children. She said:
“I don’t know how to be anything else but a mother.” [9]
Now her big family is useless; she feels alienated. All time of her life
has been spent caring for children. That way, she has no friends. Children never ask her about her health or anything. They are busy in their life. Nigerian people considered her a happy mother who has many children. But Nnu-Ego is robbed in this gambling. She scarifies all but gets nothing after being a mother of seven children.
She achieves only suffering, alienation and neglect. She never wears good clothes. At last, there is none to cry at Nnu-Ego's death when she has a massive family of seven children. She dies of neglect and uncaring. At the end of the novel, her death invites all her children who celebrate her funeral. Her children Oshia and Adam get a shrine in memory of their mother. The making of this shrine is a symbol of great reward before the Ibo community. Now people say that Nnu-Ego is a very auspicious and lucky mother with such good children. Currently, she is a goddess of motherhood. Flora Nwapa’s Efuru also resembles this article's theme that the Joy of motherhood is a waste to earn in life.
“She had never experienced the joy of motherhood. Why then did women worship her?”[10] |
||||||
References | 1. Emecheta, Buchi. The joys of motherhood: A Novel. (New York: G. Braziller, 1979), pp.186. (Further reference is in parenthesis).
2. https://www.sparknotes.com/lit/joysofmotherhood/quotes/page/5#
3.Frank, Katherine.The death of the Slave Girl: African No mnhood in the novels of Buchi Emecheta.” World Literature in English, 21.2, 1984, p.490.
4. JOM,30-31.
5. JOM,33
6. Ibid,50-51
7. Ibid,215
8. Ibid,224
9. Ibid,222
10.Efuru-221.
|