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Rivers have long been a symbol of Indian culture, and the filming of rivers is incomplete without showing all their dimensions. They are considered to be life-givers and destroyers; religious, spiritual and heavenly stories are incorporated into scenes to make them more meaningful. The Narmada Parikrama is a pilgrimage walk along the course of the river Narmada in central India. It is traditionally undertaken by revolutionaries who carry votive images of the goddess and perform various rituals. This documentary will present a personal view of this tradition, including how it is currently practiced by modern revolutionaries who undertake this journey to worship the river as a mother. Also Showcasing activities performed during this journey, their daily routine, personal grooming, packing of essential stuff, drinking and making tea, taking meals and gossiping amongst each other, etc...

1. To comprehend the Narmada Parikrama. 2. To analyze elements of Documentary filmmaking on Rivers.

India, which has been accepting various cultures and traditions since 3000 years, is a liberal and flexible country. It has accepted various traditions into its population. The country where thousands of civilizations settled around the banks of rivers and gradually turned into one unified civilization. History always gives proofs and signs of those destroyed civilizations and signs of their existing; since most civilizations developed nearer to rivers and water sources, historical proof and marks have been found around rivers, telling stories about past ages. If all these stories included in documentaries create special connection between people around the world, it certainly affects them differently.        

The Narmada is one of the oldest rivers in India and most important river in Madhya Pradesh. It originates from Amarkantak and after flowing hundreds of kilometers, it meets the Arabian Sea in Bharuch, Gujarat. The river covers a distance of 1312 kilometers in her entire journey. Over a territory of 98,796 square kilometers it stretches by the catchment area of the river bordered by Vindhya and Satpura mountain ranges. Satpura National Park, Boriyali National Park, Kanha National Park and many more national parks in which 276 categories are of birds and mammals of 76 categories have found home. All three states—Gujarat, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh are important regions encompassed by its catchment area. 

There are many documentaries that have been made about rivers or water bodies. These movies explain us about the importance of water and its many uses, which is why they are called alarm or warning movies. They inform us about future risks of losing this resource. The reason why there might be a third world war will be because of our lack of understanding about how to use water efficiently. Narmada documentary film will show cultural importance and beliefs held by people in India regarding the river, which is why it took so many years for it to become a reality. Here are examples of some documentaries -

Flow: For love of water (2008), Blue gold: World water wars (2008), One water (2008),Water on table (2010), Water (2006), Deep water (2006), Trouble the water (2008), The water war (1995), In our water (1982), Water’s journey: The hidden river of Florida (2003), 2008 Global conference, Water: The global battle for the world, Earth aid: Water conservation, Pani hari: The water women of India, Modern marvels : Water, Battle for the Klamath, Clean water: Common ground , Science world : Water harvesting (1979), Planet earth : Bole planet : Seas of life.

Narmada River is the only river in the world around which people do Parikrama. A whole Puran (Hindu religious holy book) has been written on the Narmada River. It is believed in India that our four rivers are like four vedas such as Ganga is Rigveda, Yamuna is Yajurveda, Saraswati is Atharv veda and Narmada is Samveda. Samveda is a symbol of Art. Narmada means “namrata” the meaning of which is “the one who never die”. According to geologist and experts, Narmada valley is nearly 60 to 250 crore year old. Also The Vindhya Mountains (172 million years old) is among the oldest mountains of the world. It makes boundaries between Aryavarta and the dakshinaavart according to the classical notion. Maa Narmada’s base is considered as prehistoric heaven by the scientists.

Narmada kund and Amarkantak have been mentioned in Vedic literatures like Shatapatha Brahmana, Puranas, Mahabharata and Ramayana many times. About 6000 years ago a town in the valley of Riksh Parvat was established by the Suryavanshi Samrat Mandhata and was called as Mandhata. The River got its title Narmada from the Mandhata son, Samrat Purukutsa. Historically, Chedi king of 10th-11th century offered this place to Kalachuri king in dowry. Karnadeva, the Kalchuri king had founded a temple in Surajkund during 1042-1072 AD. The river Narmada is amongst the most sacred holy rivers of India, Amarkantak has been chosen as a place for first tribal university. 

Documentary

The Narmada River has several spiritual and religious sites, including the Narmada Parikrama (Revolution around the river). Filming can be done at these sites, including usual practices and situations, as follows:

The tonsure ceremony of Parikrama Wasi, an Indian ritual that includes a cleansing ritual, an oath taking ceremony and worship of gods. The identity card issued by the government which is affiliated to the Religion Department. Worshiping god Shiv and Goddess Parvati as well as visiting banks of rivers or other shrines for bathing. Personal stuff used during the Parikrama among which are clothes on their heads with a cloth around it. Dishes used during their meals during Parikrama along with ways of digesting them. Daily routines include going to toilet and other personal activities like standing in queues to offer water at temples for worshipping god Shiv, The journey to Narmada is a source of pain for many people, because of the old ladies and children doing Parikrama, slogans of Narmade Har, prayers of mother Narmada, begging food items in the name of Narmade Har, way of devotion and experience of daily travelling by foot, bicycle or car.            The ashrams of Kapila Muni, Bhrigu Rishi, Markandeya Rishi and Ayodhya kingdom were included in the area of Vindhyachal according to tradition. Historical places, statues, symbols and ghats can be covered in shooting of this documentary. The caves of Bhimbetka (Stone Age) are also situated in the range of Narmada valley around 50 kilometers from Bhopal. Also fossils park of Dindori and Diaspora Museum of Mandu are situated around the Narmada River. The river Narmada is host to hundreds of holy temples. One of the most notable is the Omkareshwar Jyotirling, located on its banks, as well as the Amarkantak and Maheshwar Mahadev temples. Other noteworthy structures include the Choubis Avatar Temple, the Chausath Yogini Temple, and Shulpaneshwar Temple. While these structures are all in a region known as Vindhya Pradesh, there are other areas that are remarkable for their natural beauty. Marble rocks such as those found at Bhedaghat and Dhuandhar Falls provide a striking contrast to their surroundings; biodiversity is also abundant in Pachmarhi (Dhoopgarh, Pandav caves) and Amarkantak (Maa ki bagiya). Fairs along the banks of the Narmada River are a cultural tradition, followed by customs like Narmada Jayanti celebration, Chunari Yatra, Bhagoriya Fair of tribal people living in Alirajpur and Jhabua districts, Snan on Ghats of Narmada River during "Full Moon" and "No Moon Days". Tributaries flowing into the Narmada River such as Hallor river, Tawa River and Banjar river are also celebrated. The Narmada Valley project of dams like Sardar Sarovar dam, Omkareshwar dam, Indira Sagar Project, Maheshwar dam will give a new dimension to the area. Wildlife locations including national parks, sanctuaries, such as Kanha National park, in Mandla district, from where two tributaries of Narmada, Hallon and Banjar pass, also Mukki gate can be shot. Portion of Gujrat state where Narmada flows near the Sardar Sarovar Dam, there is a Shoolpaneshwar sanctuary which was earlier known as Dumkal sloth bear sanctuary. Statue of Unity established as a tribute to Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel is on the Narmada Banks and Bharuch City where Narmada merges with the sea. The Road map of Narmada Parikrama if travelled in One line can cover locations of Omkareshwar- Barwani – Shahda - Ankleshwar – Bharuch- Kukshi – Maheshwar – Barwaha – Khategaon- Nemwar- Bareli- Udaipura- Jabalpur- Shahdol- Amarkantak – Mandla – Narsinghpur – Hoshangabad- Omkareshwar.

Business: Every river where boats or ships travel and water level is always maintained is a place or channel for business. Various areas of India were famous for their business through water ways in ancient times. Documentary can show what kind of business happen and how they are practiced.

Large Cities: Human civilizations have always grown around rivers and small villages of ancient time. As these cities became larger and more populated, people began to move their businesses away from the banks directly connected to the river. This led to a change in life style in these cities as well as their involvement with water bodies. Documentary contains big buildings situated on the banks, huts, sewage systems that connect cities with rivers and crowd which show busy life styles of cities and their involvement with water bodies.

Flood Area: These are areas where people live in residential areas, where the backwaters of rivers enter due to dam construction and the people living there before have to move from there to another localities. The rising water level of the river can affect their living conditions and livelihoods. This can happen because of changes in the flow paths or due to government projects on rivers for development.

Large Bridges: Crossing Rivers is challenging since it slows down human activities and makes it difficult. As soon as human civilization progresses, bridge construction becomes possible and makes traveling easier. Viewing people crossing the bridge, boating in the river and other scenes of people visiting and watching people are important elements of river documentaries.

Rivers and Sewage: In modern human civilization, population growth and waste material generated from it have made rivers increasingly polluted. Disposing of human waste materials into the rivers is dangerous and can be fatal to both humans and animals. This documentary presents such scenes in a realistic way so as to make its message more effective.

Funeral: Hindu religion emphasizes on burning dead bodies, and to perform last rites on the bank of rivers.  

Fisheries / Machhali Palan: The majority of people in the world consume seafood in their diet. Fishing is one of the most important businesses in rivers and seas, and it has been growing continuously in India over the last few decades. In this field among the offerings of rivers to human beings, one is documentary filmmaking. Scenes from documentary films illustrate the progress between ancient businesses and modernization as an important form of entertainment.

Wild life: Rivers have always played an important role in connecting mountains, rocks, forests or wildlife populations that live within their banks. Documentaries about wild animal’s drinking water from rivers, playing around animals are attractive because they make documentary journeys compelling from start to middle.

Rocks & Mud: The water that flows over rocks changes their shape, which gives an attractive appearance to rivers. These scenes help filmmakers create documentaries showing beauty of the rivers. In the area surrounding rivers, mud can present a variety of problems for people. These problems include the erosion that mud causes, as well as the damage that it does to buildings.

Dam: The dam is one of the most significant creations of human beings, because it promotes fisheries, water reaches remote lands via channels constructed in dams, increasing ground water levels. It produces hydroelectric power but also has some negative aspects which get overshadowed.

Delta: Some rivers in India create deltas, which are visible evidence that the specialty of a river can be learned through documentary. Scientific research has evolved into documentary and specific events can be portrayed through this medium.

Disaster: According to Dr. Ambedkar, floods are not inherently dangerous for humans, but improper management of excess water can cause problems. This is represented by the fact that rivers and other water bodies are compressed by settlement of human residential land and unnecessary construction near them.

Accidents, Crimes & Myths:  Rivers are creatures of their own, but human beliefs and actions often corrupt their natural state, causing thousands of crimes and accidents each year, as well as inhuman superstitious activities. Yet there is no responsibility of rivers in these myths to show there facts in documentary changes; human belief and documentary perform their basic fundamental role.

Displacement and Rehabilitation

When people are forced to leave their homes due to war or natural disaster, they often face many problems and conditions. They should follow certain ways in order to survive, such as finding a new place to live, planning their daily routines, and finding jobs. This experience can give a new perspective when making documentaries.

Pilgrims: River documentaries cannot be completed without filming famous pilgrims and holy places established on the banks of rivers, because this is a place where beliefs, faith and festivals are found.

Meal: Beliefs about meals emphasize the importance of eating food regularly and on time. There are many rules and regulations that dictate what can be eaten or avoided, how it should be cooked, how it should taste, and whether or not it provides energy for the whole day.

Clothes: Parikrama Wasi wear special clothes during their journey, which are different from normal clothes. Where do they get these clothes and why do they need them? These questions can be answered while watching the documentary.

Sanitation: Parikrama Wasi, who travel from place to place on foot, must go to the outhouse in the open during their journey. This brings up many problems for them both comfort wise and health wise, including how they overcome these situations and what are the rules for this. The documentary illustrates another face of human needs.

Facing Discomfort: Daily walking towards the destination causes restlessness, body pain, and fever. All these are a part of the pilgrimage known as Narmada Parikrama. If we want to inspire others to walk, we must document this event so that it resembles an important human aspect that remains untouched by documentary makers.

Every Age Group: Parikrama is a ritual performed by many children, youth, old age people, male and female adults. It brings an emotional touch in documentary and informs viewers that anyone can do it.

Offering Water To God Shiva: Parikrama Wasi offer water to God Shiva and worship the mother Narmada. They face many difficulties while doing it, like standing in a queue for hours and facing congested crowds.

Slogan: Narmada Parikrama Wasi say slogans of many types which are the symbol of their beliefs, how many slogans and their types, and timing of slogans, etc. will bring gusto in the documentary.

Maa Narmada Ki Aarti: This scene of the Aarti is always very prosperous and rich and Narmada Parikrama Wasi do it daily, it directly uplifts the environment and the feeling of worship.

Programs / Curricular Activities: Some groups sing songs, some dance, and others share their experiences with others through entertainment. They respect each other's feelings and interact with each other by sharing their experiences. These scenes captured on camera and turned into documentaries can help people understand each other better.

Begging for Necessities: Narmada Parikrama Wasi beg for their food needs, especially flour. Earlier it was the ladies who used to beg. Questions like where they live, what circumstances they face, how they exist, how they fulfill their basic needs, are answered in the documentary. It makes the documentary interesting if these scene of their struggle and begging for daily needs are shown in the documentary.

Knowledge of Rules: There are so many rules and regulations imposed on Parikrama Wasi weather, they are gentleman or ladies. What are these rules and what happens if they do not follow the rules? When these rules were defined, the rules of controlling new Parikrama Wasi would be important for the documentary.

The descriptive research and observation method used in this study follows the techniques of statistical research. In depth interviews, analysis of frequencies, and primary and secondary data were used to collect information for this study. A total of 176 respondents participated in this research study, and a secondary data source was obtained from research reports, journals, newspapers, books, Government offices and reports, documentary makers and area experts.

Findings- The above information has been taken from the Narmada Parikrama Wasi which are present at the Omkareshwar Narmada Tirtha, Nemawar, Koteshwar, Bharuch Tirtha. In this research, information has been taken from 176 people in which 88 are male and 88 are female. They all are adults and has used their right to vote.

Frequency Table

Sex

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	1	77	44.0	44.0	44.0
	2	99	56.0	56.0	100.0
	Total	176	100.0	100.0

Findings: There are 77 Female and 99 Male Respondent.

Age

 

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	2	176	100.0	100.0	100.0

Findings:  Everyone is above 21 year.
What problems come in Narmada Parikrama? And how can Narmada Parikrama be made better?
Findings- Respondent common Experiences state -No Accommodation Facilities, No Food Facilities, No Electricity, No Sign Boards for proper directions, No Safety Measures, No Idea about Culture, No Medical Treatment Facility, No Government Support, No ID or Registration organization, No Money Support, No Emergency Facility, Dirty Ghats, No Clothes Changing Facilities, No Locker Facilities, No Crowd Control System, No Parking Facility, No Garbage (Waste) management and recycle System, No Online Information, No call center Support, Most problems occur during rainy season. If all the above mentioned Facilities are provided Narmada Parikrama shall became much easier and comfortable. 

What are the problems with the Narmada River or what problems can happen in the future?

Findings:  69% Respondent think Old Places or Archeological important places will merge in river water, Flora and Fauna will be Lost.  20% Respondent think Culture Loss, Tribal traditions will be hampered. 11% Respondent think geographical locations of villages will displace, many tirtha sthal along the Narmada River will sink. Due to this, the people of Narmada Parikrama said that there will be far more problems in the future while conducting Parikramas.

Why are you doing Narmada Parikrama or why did you want to do this?

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	1	52	29.0	29.0	29.0
	2	17	10.0	10.0	39.0
	3	88	50.0	50.0	89.0
	4	19	11.0	11.0	100.0
	Total	176	100.0	100.0

Findings:  29% Responded – it’s a type of prayer, 10% Responded – its life altering and the correct way to respect Maa Narmada, 50% Responded -  it’s the Correct Way of Worship, 10% Responded – it’s a Learning with Nature and want to live in Peace. All Respondent believe that this Parikrama has completed because they have faith in Maa Narmada a.k.a Rewa.

Have you completed the Narmada Parikrama earlier?

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	1	51	29.0	29.0	29.0
	2	125	71.0	71.0	100.0
	Total	176	100.0	100.0

Findings:  71% Parikrama Wasi said no. 29% partake in small level of Narmada Parikrama for five to seven days and few manage to do full Parikrama.

Did tribal or other people bother you during the Parikrama?

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	2	176	100.0	100.0	100.0

Findings:  100% Parikrama Wasi said that no one disturbed them on the pathway.

Are the number of trees reducing in the Path of Narmada Parikrama?

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	1	176	100.0	100.0	100.0

Findings: 100% Parikrama Wasi said that trees are reducing in the Path of Narmada Parikrama.

Do you sense that the number of trees have reduced all around you, which hampers rainfall.

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	1	176	100.0	100.0	100.0

Findings:  100% Parikrama Wasi said that that the number of trees has reduced around the path which causes reduction in rain.

 Is there any Nala that flows in your locality which was a River in the Past?

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	1	176	100.0	100.0	100.0

Findings:  100% Parikrama Wasi said that a Nala flows in most localities which was a
River in the Past.

Does any small river or Nala flow in your locality which dries up in summer days?

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	1	176	100.0	100.0	100.0

Findings: 100% Parikrama Wasi said that small river or Nala flows in their locality and has dried up in the summer days.

Do you watch any documentary Related to Rivers?

		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	1	20	11.0	11.0	31.0
	2	156	89.0	89.0	100.0
	Total	176	100.0	100.0

Findings:  Only 11% Respondent watch Documentaries and acknowledge that River Documentary Films Create Awareness.

After speaking to the target group of people I found out that there are many problems that Parikrama Wasi's face while travelling. These problems can be solved by the government by implementing schemes/plans specifically for these travellers. There is a need for Health Services, sanitation, food delivery, accommodation, insurance, overall safety, etc.. for the Parikrama Wasi's.

There is a lot that has already been written about the Narmada Parikrama and there is a lot that I learnt while researching this paper. There are many points of discussions regarding the health management, food supply, travelling gear and equipment, sanitation,  accomadation etc.. That can be made better for future Parikrama Wasi's.

The significance of the rivers in human civilization, its economy and culture, spiritual deeds and religious activities can be expressed through documentary films. During the Narmada Parikrama, one can feel salvation experiences which are the only purpose of human life. One can understand its existence and attain inner peace by doing this journey. Through this practice tradition, humanity, conservation and culture can be created. The story moves with experiences of Narmada Parikrama Wasi and their belief in God during their journey. The journey of the Parikrama begins from Omkareshwar to Amarkantak, then Amarkantak to Bharuch, then Bharuch to Omkareshwer. The story moves with experiences of Narmada Parikrama Wasi, their belief in God and struggles during the journey. The documentary examines the beauty of rivers, the dependence humans have on them and the unique way of devotion to river-related cultural values.

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