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| Effect of Menstrual Cycle on The Performance of Sprint of Women Athletes | |||||||
| Paper Id :
16583 Submission Date :
2022-08-07 Acceptance Date :
2022-08-20 Publication Date :
2022-08-25
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| Abstract |
The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of menstrual cycle on the performance of speed ability of women athletes. Thirty subjects from Lakshmibai National Institute of physical education Gwalior (MP) India were selected with the help of administering questionnaires to find out the normal samples that is the girls who were having normal menstrual cycle or flow.
The data on selected physical fitness components were collected by conducting test on 50- yard dash or sprint . The test was conducted fifteen days before the menstrual flow that is normal period, during the cycle and just after the cessation of the cycle that is next day. The study was restricted to 30 female students. The number of subject were same throughout the study.
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| Keywords | Menstrual Cycle, Sprint, 50 Yards Dash, Sports. | ||||||
| Introduction |
The fact that menstruation is a necessary precondition of human procreation is a biological truth and has never been disputed or debated but how ironical it is that it has been treated as a matter of shame be men and women alike across all cultures, societies and religions and social stigma is attached to menstruating women. They were restrained from attending places of worship, performing holy rituals, doing routine household chores especially cooking and at the same time they were subjected to suffer isolation and even humiliation at times. Even the face of diversified social awareness towardsmost of the sensitive female issues only a little headway is made in changingthe general mind set of the people and treating menstruation as a normal biological activity.
Fortunately we have passed the era when menstruation are less than positive. All one has to do is to consider the euphemism we use to describe menstruation to realizethat rather than talking freely about menses use get ‘sick' , ‘the curse’,’our period’ , ‘the monthlies ', etc . All those move to the ‘sickness' , to the burden or to the uncomfortable nuisance of menstruation . So today’swomen’ even though knowing that menstruation is not physically or psychologically capacitating, has inherited modern version of ancient myths, taboos and superstition. Consequently, it seems that a menstruatinggirl may even be ‘ excused ' from the physical education classes or sports activities at schools and colleges.
A great number of clinical and experimental investigation has felt with menstrual function in women till now. Some of these studies have revealed interesting interrelationship between exercise and menstrual function. The objective of those study, also is explore the question: how does the menstruation cycle effect exercise, physical performance, sports activities etc.
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| Objective of study | In order to analyze the data obtaining from selected physical fitness components( 50 yrdsdash), wasanalysed using one way analysis of variance. The level of significance was set at 0.05 level of confidence. |
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| Review of Literature | ShivangiBidua studied the comparison of speed ability between football and hockey female players during menstruating phase . The 30 mts flying start test was used to assess the speed between football and hockey players. The results of the study shows that the hockey players having good speed compare to the football players during the phase of mensuration.*1 The relationship between performance variation of females and phases of there Menstrual cycles was investigated. Sixteen college women,18-22 years of age free from any acknowledgement menstrual disorders, performed four exercise test of selected times during their Menstrual cycle. Statistical analysis with the Krushalwellis one way ANOVA, and Friendmen,two way ANOVA related the variations in performances in the 12 minutes run/walk , maximum oxygen consumption,the 600 yards run walk and 1.5 mile run walk were not significantly related to phases in the Menstrual cycle . These findings are in support of previous investigators.*2 AmitaJain, studied to access the knowledge, practice, and perception on menstruation, to educate adolescent girls regarding Menstrual hygiene management and to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention program through post test.The study findings suggest Menstrual health education including better accessibility and availability to sanitary absorbents and facilities helps in improving menstrual hygiene and changing the behavior among adolescent school girls of rural Lucknow.*3 Martin studied metabolic and cardio – respiratory responses to exercise in nine non athletes and eight Ohio State University athletes during three menstrual phases represented by 3, Day 13, and the 7thday following ovulation. No significant differences were found within the three menstrual phases at rest, during submaximal walking , maximal running, or recovery in the untrained group. Although there was a significantly higher hematocrit value in the trained group during the post Menstrual phase, this did not occur in the untrained group, nor was it accompanied by changes in hemoglobin values. The trained group also demonstrated a higher oxygen uptake during the post Menstrual phase during the walking part of the test. This difference did not persist during maximal running because the variations did not occur in both groups and disappeared with more strenuous exercise. Martin minimized the significance of the few changes seen. He stated, “It is responsible to assume that there is little influence on maximal performance due to cycle variation in any of the there phases of the menstrual cycle.” *4 Menstrual dysfunction is a common complaint amongst adolescent girls. An Australian cross- sectional study showed that approximately 25% of girls had significant Menstrual dysfunction affecting life activities and resulting in school absence*5
Statement of the problem: The statement of the study was to determine the effect of menstrual cycle on the performance of Sprint ability of women athletes. |
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| Tools Used | To measure the sprint ability or Speed , 50 yards dash was conducted. Speed- Speed is defined as ‘ rapidity ‘ with which a movement or successive movements of the same kind may be performed.*6 In other words we can say that covering shorter distance in which maximum effort can be sustain called Sprint or Dash or Speed . |
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| Analysis |
Variable Source of variance dfSSMSS F-ratio_________________________________________________________________________ BG 2264.66 132.33 SprintAbility________________________________________________________ 2.00 WG 875730.22 65.86. Significant at .05 level= 3.09 |
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| Conclusion |
The findings of the study showed that was no significant difference in the performance of Sprint ability (speed) among selected subjects during their menstrual phases. Different games and sports, ground/ field / courts are different in size, so women athletes are speeder according to nature of game , trainingschedule , ground measurements and obvious her capacity so we can say strongly that many other factors probably have more effect on performance than does menstrual phase. |
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| Suggestions for the future Study | It is recommended that many games/sports like football, hockey, basketball track and field, swimming, women playersmust be given training for speed during Menstrual cycle to enhance the performance. Similar studies can be conducted in different games and sports. | ||||||
| References | 1. BiduaShivangiand Das Anindita, “ International Multilingual Refereed journal in Towards Sustainable Women Health: Decoding the Menstruation Taboo , “ special issue, February – 2019 : pg.098 – 0101.
2. P.K.Pande and L.C. Gupta , Outline Of Sports Medicine( New Delhi : J.B. Medical Publishers (pLtd, 1996),p.409.
3. Jain Amita, “ Decoding Menstrual Taboos in India: Issues, Challenges, and Solutions ( DrGunjanShahi& Uma Singh ,2020 ) p. 23 “
4. F.L.Martin (1976), Effect of the Menstrual Cycle on Metabolic and Cardio – respiratory Responses,” unpublished Dissertation, Ohio State University , Columbus ,Ohio ,cited by Christine L.Wells, Women Sports and Performance ( Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics Publishers,1985),p.74.
5. parker M, Sneddon A, Arbon P: The Menstrual disorders of teenagers (MDOT) study: determining typical menstrual pattern and Menstrual disturbance in a large population based study of Australian teenagers. BJOG 2010;117:185-192.
6. H. Harrison Clarke, Application of Measurement in Physical Education ( Englewood Cliffs,N.J.: Prentice Hall Inc.,1976), p 173. |
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