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Interpretation of Pan-Indian Identity Through Bhasha Literature and New Education Policy-2020 | |||||||
Paper Id :
16766 Submission Date :
2022-11-05 Acceptance Date :
2022-11-19 Publication Date :
2022-11-25
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Abstract |
India is a land of diversity and a large number of languages are spoken here in the different parts of the nation. Each and every language has its own literature and this literature has the richness of theme, beauty of style and universal appeal. It has the great treasure of knowledge. We can get and popularise the richness, beauty and universal appeal by translating this treasure into English and by studying it in our classrooms. We have Sri Lal Shukla & Raag Darbari and Omprakash Valmiki & Joothan for example. Such is the need of this hour on which we have to work a lot. Our New Education Policy-2020 & twenty second chapter in third part illustrates the promotion of Indian languages, art and culture. It says that the promotion of arts and culture is important not only for the nation for the individual also.
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Keywords | Bhasha Literature, NEP-2020, Promotion, Culture, Nation, Translation, Rabindranath Tagore, William Jones, Indira Goswami, Assamese. | ||||||
Introduction |
Bhasha literature is a new phenomenon and many scholars have expressed their views on the importance of it. Many of them have said that this is the need of hour to carry and assimilate the national culture and tradition as it.
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Objective of study | The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the Pan-Indian identity in the light of Bhasha Literature and New Education Policy-2020. |
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Review of Literature | Ngugi wa Thiongo said that we should focus on the literature
written in our vernacular and Rabindranath Tagore could get wide popularity
while writing in in Bangla though he became more popular when his Gitanjali was
translated into English. Many Indian scholars like Jaiwanti Dimri, S C Hajela,
H S Randhawa have given their views on the presented in the light of New
Education Policy-2020. The paper presents the importance of Bhasha Literature,
the role of translator and the universal appeal with an example of a short
story by Indira Goswami, the Assamese writer. As per the author's knowledge no latest literature was found
for this paper. |
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Analysis | The work of translation is a
new phenomenon and since the ancient time. Indian society had been rich in the
treasure of literature written in vernaculars which needs the
translation. This is not merely the translation but transcreation. It is the
made by which we can attain our richness of literature written in different
corners of our nation in different languages in our country. Prof. Jaiswanti Dimri points
out the importance of translation in the context of English literature. The connect between the renaissance
in England and other countries in Europe in the fifteenth and the sixteenth
century and the large scale translation of the Greek and Latin classical texts
into English and other European languages after the fall of Constantinople in
1453 is a well known fact ..... John Keats tribute to Chapman for his
translation of Homer in English in the Sonnet "On First Looking into
Chapman & Homer best qualities the importance of translation for all
times-present or past. [1] Bhasha literature is very useful
at the national and international level for the purpose of communication and
interaction. And this will help us in introducing the courses based on it to
the coming generation of our students. The biggest benefit of it is
to break the hegemony of foreign literature and by breaking that hegemony we
will be promoting our culture and tradition. We cannot forget the contribution
of Ngugi Wa Thiong & contribution in studying their own literature to
protect their country & culture and tradition in their own language. It was Obi Wali who pulled the
carpet from under the literary feet of those who gathered at Makerere
Conference in 1962 by declaring in an article published in & Transition
& (10 September 1963) that the whole uncritical acceptance of English and French
as the inevitable medium for educated African writing is misdirected and has no
chance of advancing African literature and culture, and that African writers
accepted that any true African literature must be
written in African languages.. [2] In the given lines Ngugi is
talking that their literature should be written in African language to advance
their literature and culture. Here the scholar wants to say that the treasure
of our Indian literature should be translated into our Indian English to get it
popularize at national and international level. We can not forget the name and
fame of the books written in Hindi language and later on translated into Indian
English. For instance This year Daisy Rockwell & translation of Geetanjali
Shree's Hindi novel "Tomb of Sand" became the first
novel translated from an Indian language to win the international Booker Prize. It got the wide popularity
because it succeeded in transfering the Indian spirit and treasure to the
world. Our nation, India is veritable melting pot of different culture and
tradition and myriad language has a rich treasure of literature which needs the
scholarly attention. In the same way we cannot
forget the short stories of Rabindranath Tagore, Asia & first Nobel
Laurate, who got a wide popularity when his short stories were translated into
English from Bangla. Such other examples are Asha Purana Devi & The First
Promise was translated from Bengli into English by Indira Choudhary, Tamas of
Bhisham Sahni was translated by Daisy Rockwell from Hindi into English, Gogu
Shyamla's "Father May Be an An Elephant, Mother only a Basket,
But, from Telgu by Diiya Rajan, K.R. Meera & Hangwoman, from Malyalam into
English by J. Devika, Salma's Women Dreaming has been translated
by Meena Kandasamy from Tamil into English. The English translation of
Abhigyanshakuntalam by William Jones has increased the popularity of text of
Indian origin. Tulsidas's Ramcharitmanas excels the original Ramayana
of Balmiki in Sanskrit in popularity of mass appeal. Six and Third Acres by
Fakir Monhan Senapati has been translated by K.K. Mohapatra from Odia into
English. Vultures a Dalit writing in Gujrati by Dalpat Chauhan has been
translated into English by Hemang Ashwin Kumar, and soon. My meaning to say is
that this is the new area on which we need to focus in our classroom teaching,
learning and research in our universities and colleges. Since the independence
the hangover of colonialism is influencing our decisions in the matters of our
culture and literature. It can be seen in our daily life style as well as in
our centres of learning. The arrival of globalization, the market policies
prepared in developed countries has compelled us to live in a Neo-Colonialism.
Dr. S.C. Hajela writely points out when he says- A cursory view of the Syllabi
in our universities all over the country in the departments of English makes it
quite evident how English text popularized and canonized by the Western media
and market forces have marginalized the texts of Bhasha Literatures in the
domain of Indian English studies. While the best literary writers in the
regional languages still struggle for adequate publicity and recognition. [3] Therefore there is a
persistent requirement to forge commonalties in Indian languages which
celebrates God's plenty towards the idea of Bharat. Dr. H.S. Randhawa has focused
beautifully on the importance of Bhasha Literature in the following lines: These native languages may not
be able to establish the pan- Indian identity unless they
come out in a language easily understood in each nook and corner of India. Thus
translation becomes a potent expression of regional identities, merging in
Indian identity through revealing pan-Indian ethos. [4] An Illustration of Assemes
Literature: Assemes literature is excellent in poetry and short stories. The
illustration of The Empty Chest a beautiful short story with universal appeal
by Indira Goswami is very remarkable here. Indira Goswami is also known by the
name of Mamoni Raisom Goswami particularly in Assam. This short story has been
translated by Pradipta Borogohain. He is a professor of English in Guhati
University. He is also a novelist and a translator. The Empty Chest is based on
a real story of a coffin found in a cremation ground. The sight of the coffin
made the writer brood and she created a life like personal. This is a story of
Toradoi, the protagonist published first time in the nineties. The Empty chest
symbolises the emptiness in protagonist & life. Toradoi lives in a shack near
a cremation ground. One day she finds a bloodstained empty chest lying in the
ground. On coming to know that it had carried the dead body of her lover Saru
Bopa, she retrieves it and takes it to her shak. Saru Bopa was the son of a
Zamidar in whoose house Taradoi has worked. Saru Bopa and Toradoi
were in love with each other and he had vowed that he would marry her. But he
did not marry her and they get separated. She decorates herself in
whatever meagre way she can and sleeps in side the empty chest in order to
reliver her moments of love with her lover until reality dawns upon her. She
comes to know through her policeman brother that Saru Bopa was not faithful to
her as she had thought him to be and he had planned to marry someone else. And
as a proof he shows her the invitation cards that had been printed for the
occasion. When this reality breaks upon, she is stunned. But she recovers in a
few days and with the help of her two children she drags the empty chest
outside and burns it down. Her husband is in jail for
rash driving and in her absence a firewood vendor Haibor has been pestering her
to sleep with him, promising to look after her two children. Earlier she would
find in variably him standing outside her door fruitlessly waiting two her. But
when after the death of love for Saru Bopa. Se comes out of her
shack ready to do anything, there is no Haibor waiting for her. The story portrays the death
of the protagonist & love for the Zamidar & son. She works in Zamidar
& house as a maid and she falls in love with his son. Her love for Saru
Bopa is intense and passionate and she had given herself to him completely. But
there was family opposition to the marriage. We are not given the full detail
of the quarrel or what happed thereafter. We are only told that following the
quarrel Saru Bopa was transfered to upper Assam. All that happed some twelve
years back. We are left to assume that she had married a driver, who is now in
jail for rash driving. Saru Bopa's dead body is brought to the very
crematorium on the fringe of which Toradoi now lives along with her two
children. The appeal in the story is
that even after separation from him and her own marriage, her love Saru Bopa
has known no abatement. In fact her love for him has been a source of
strength for her through all these years of adversity and has helped her to
hold her own and survive. She is living with her two children in abject poverty and
they are half starved. However faithful to him, she can rebuke the lusty
advances of Haibor, the firewood vendor, who promises a world of comfort.
Her annoyance at the advances of Haibor can be felt in her words when she says
: What is left in this body to
keep drawing you here. [5] The point which I want to
convey here that we have the rich treasure of Bhasha Literature which is needed
to be the part and parcel of syllabi. The story like & The Empty
Chest & are in bundle which at any cost should be presented on the national
and international level. Our National Education Policy-2020 stresses on
promotion of Indian languages, arts and culture to bring the hidden treasure in
the vernaculars. Let us see what is illustrates in the given para: The promotion of Indian art
and culture is important not only for the nation but also for the individual.
Culture awareness and expression are among the major competencies considered
important to develop in children in order to provide them with a sense of
identity, belonging as well as appreciation of other culture and identities. It
is through the development of a strong sense and knowledge of their own
culture, history, arts, languages and tradition that children can build a
positive cultural identity and self-esteem. Thus cultural awareness and
expression are important contributors both to individual as well as societal
well being. And again The language of
course, is inextricably linked to art and culture. Different languages see the
world differently, and the structure of language, therefore determines a native
speaker's perception of experience. In particular, language influence
the way people of given culture speak with others, including with family
members, authority figures, peers and strangers, and influence the tone of
conversation. The tone perception of experience and familarity/apnapan'
inherent in conversation among speakers of a common language are a reflection and
record of culture. Culture is thus encased in our languages. Art in the form of
literature, plays, music films etc. cannot be fully appreciated without
language. In order to preserve and promote culture, one must preserve and
promote a culture's languages. Teaching and learning of
Indian languages need to be integrated with school and higher education at
every level. For languages to remain relevant and vibrant, there must be steady
stream of high quality learning and print material in these languages including
text books, workbooks, videos, plays, novels, magazine, etc. Language must also
have consistent officials updates to their vocabularies and dictionaries, widely disseminated, so that the most current issues and concepts can be effectively discussed in these languages. Enabling such learning materials, print materials, and translations of important materials from world languages, and constantly updating vocabularies are carried out by countries around the world for languages such as English, French, German, Hebrew, Korean and Japanese. However India has remained quite slow in producing such learning and print materials and dictionaries to help keep its languages optimally vibrant and current with integrity. [6] |
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Findings | We the people of India are multilinguals and the work of translation of one language to other is the index of our literary taste. Through the translation we transfer the culture of one part of the country to the other part and from the national level to the international level. Therefore this process works as a bridge between cultures, human beings and languages to establish real equalitarianism. This process will help in redefining nationhood in a better way. | ||||||
Conclusion |
The role of translators remained neglected for a long time but at present our New Education Policy promotes it because translation is the two way traffic to carry and assimilate the different culture and traditions. This policy stresses on Indianness so we should work for the spirit of the nation. We must
read and re-read, we must dig and re-dig the treasure hidden in our vernaculars and transfer it to the whole world so that world can be familiar with our culture and tradition. We should fill our syllabi with the text of Indian origin or Bhasha Literature because it is the need of the hour to decolonising the mind for blending the text with context. |
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References | 1. Dimri Jaiwanti - Translation : Some Reflections, Nation Translation and Bhasha Literature, Edited by Harbir Singh Randhawa, Sarup Book Publisher Pvt. Ltd. Darya Ganj New Delhi-110002, 2013, Page No. V.
2. Wa Thiong & Ngugi - Decolonising the Mind, Zimbabe Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. Harare-1981, Page No. 24.
3. Hajela, S.C. - Decolonizing English Studies Through Translation : A Select Reading of C.N. Ramchandran & Translated Works, Nation Translation and Bhasha Literature, Edited by Harbir Singh Randhawa, Sarup Book Publisher Pvt. Ltd. Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110002, 2013, Page no. 111.
4. Randhawa H.S. - Translation as a Form of shared Cultural Transaction: A Study of select Bhasha short stories in English, Nation Translation and Bhasha Literature, Edited by Harbir Singh Randhawa, Sarup Book Publisher Pvt. Ltd. Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110002, 2013, Page 235.
5. Goswami Indira, The Shadow of Kamakhya Stories, Rupa & Company, Delhi, 2001, Page 36.
6. New Education Policy 2020 Ministry of Human Resource Development, Govt. of India, Chapter 22, Promotion of Indian Languages, Arts and Culture Page 53. |