ISSN: 2456–5474 RNI No.  UPBIL/2016/68367 VOL.- VII , ISSUE- XII January  - 2023
Innovation The Research Concept
Phytochemical Profile of Gymnema Sylvestre Used in Diabetes Problem in Chhatarpur District (M.P.) India
Paper Id :  16819   Submission Date :  2022-12-15   Acceptance Date :  2023-01-20   Publication Date :  2023-01-25
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S. S. Ahirwar
Assistant Professor
Botany
Govt. CMD College, Maharajpur
Chhatarpur,Madhya Pradesh, India
Dayalu Ahirwar
Research Scholar
Botany
MCBU, Chhatarpur
Madhya Pradesh, India
Abstract
Diabetes is a lifestyle disorder of human body. The trend towards a sedentary lifestyle is recognised as a major contributor towards many of the health and social issues. There is a growing focus on health related issues in the media and an increasing government spending on health campaigns. Regular physical activity remains an important behaviour for promoting health. GymnemaSylvestre is a herb of family Asclepiadaceae is distributed throughout the world.The leaves of the plant are widely used for the treatment of diabetes and as a diuretic in Indian proprietary medicines. Gymnemic acid is the main active chemical constituent isolated from the (Gurmar) GymnemaSylvestre plant. GymnemaSylvestre has been contain many types of chemical substances. After chemical analysis of leaf powder of GymnemaSylvestre is clear some useful constituents useful for balancing for blood sugar level. (Diabetes problem) in Chhatarpur district M.P.Different types of secondary metabolites found in the Gurmar (GymnemaSylvestre) which play an important role in control and treatment of diabetes and also use for manufacturing medicines.
Keywords Diabetes, Gymnemasylvestre, Phytochemical Profile, Secondary Metabolites, Finger Print.
Introduction
In present day ethnobotany is basically the study of interaction between man and plants. It holds and records an old age knowledge of tribal people about the miracle use of diverse and plants the science of mediciousdetes-back to the caveman they use the plants to cure various diseases. The knowledge is inherited in to the tribal and local rural people. They have prepected the knowledge through their own experiences. Now a day due to Global warming, industrialization, urbanization and population exploitation, day by day people are suffering from so many chronic diseases like – diabetes, nervous breakdown, paralysis, ulcer, including blood sugar, high blood pressure and arthritis. GymnemaSylvestre (Gurmar) is a valuable herb belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae, and widely distributed in India. The plant is commonly known as Gudmar ,Madhunashini. It is believed that it might neutralize the excess of sugar present in the blood. “Ethnobotany”, a name coined by John Hershberger in 1895. Is a study of “plants used by ancient and indigenous peoples” (Balick and Cox, 1996) human society has established a close relationship with plant life ( De JN, 1980) since ancient time. The relationship between indigenous peoples and their surroundings forms the theme of ethnobotany science ( De, JN. 1968), which deals with the study of the plants used by nations for food, medicines and clothing ( Jain and De, JN, 1966) knowledge of plants age is an important component of ethnobotanical research. Natural products are important sources for biologically active drugs ( Saleh et: al:, 2009). These has been a growing interest in the study of medicinal plants as natural products in diverse plants of the world (Gazzaneo et:al:, 2005).In present paper not only ethnomedicinal aspect have been taken but it’s phytochemical analysis and HPTLC of sample of Gymnemasylvestre fingerprinting.
Objective of study
Main aim of this paper is awareness for rural peoples for self treatment of normal diseases by herbal products and plant materials.
Review of Literature

“Ethnobotany”, a name coined by John Hershberger in 1895. Is a study of “plants used by ancient and indigenous peoples” (Balick and Cox, 1996) human society has established a close relationship with plant life ( De JN, 1980) since ancient time. The relationship between indigenous peoples and their surroundings forms the theme of ethnobotany science ( De, JN. 1968), which deals with the study of the plants used by nations for food, medicines and clothing ( Jain and De, JN, 1966) knowledge of plants age is an important component of ethnobotanical research. Natural products are important sources for biologically active drugs ( Saleh et: al:, 2009). These has been a growing interest in the study of medicinal plants as natural products in diverse plants of the world (Gazzaneo et:al:, 2005).In present paper not only ethnomedicinal aspect have been taken but it’s phytochemical analysis and HPTLC of sample of Gymnemasylvestre fingerprinting.
Methodology
Chhatarpur district is a district of Bundelkhand region, located at Jhansi-Panna and Sagar-Mahoba road in Betwa, Ken, Dhasan and Urmil river. The region is marked by streams of temperature reaching 48°c during summer and dropping 1°c in winter, the method, to identify plants and remedy periodic tips of ethnobotanical exploration were understanding rural forest and villagers of the district.
Sampling

Phytochemical analysis and HPTLC were carried out on silica gel 60 F254 precoated Aluminium plates 0.2mm thickness, Merck, Mumbai. An applicator from Camagliomat-5 ( Camag Switzerland. 140443) was used for band application and photo documentations unit (Camagreprostar -3:140604) was used for documentation of chromatographic finger print. The mobile phase used for HPTLC fingerprinting forGudmar( GymnemaSylvestre leaves )(G) Toluene: ethyl acetate (7:3) and derivatizing reagents 5% Methanolic – ssulphuric acid: The plants were developed over a distance of 9 cm in a saturated development chamber. Twin through chamber 10 x 10 cm with sslid and visualized under at 254nm, 366mm, under 5ultraviolet before and after derivatization. After spraying with 5 % methanolic sulphuric acid followed by heating at 105°c for 5-10 minutes.

Table 01

Phytochemical analysis of Gudmar (GymnemaSylvestre) leaves (G)

S. No.

Name of phytoconstituents

Result

1.

Alkaloids

Positive

2.

Carbohydrates

Negative

3.

Protein

Positive

4.

Resin

Positive

5.

Saponin

Negative

6.

Starch

Negative

7.

Tannin

 positive

8.

Steroid

 Negative

9.

Flavanoids

Positive




Table 02 Quantitative estimation of carbohydrate, protein, Alkaloid, Saponin in GymnemaSylvestre sample.

S. No.

 

Name of sample

Concentration

Result

1.

Gymnema

Sylvester

2.

(Gudmar)

Carbohydrate 0.015

3.

Protein

2.864

4.

Alkaloid

4.49%

5.

Saponin 5.690 mg

19%   

Table-3:Showing Rf Values of HPTLC Finger prints profile of Test Solution of Gudmar  Leaves (M)

Rf  Values

Before derivatization

After derivatization

 

 

Under 366nm

Under 366nm

Under UV light

Rf 1

0.08( pink)

0.09(pink)

0.08(brown)

Rf 2

0.14(red)

0.14(pink)

0.18(light red)

Rf 3

0.17(blue)

0.19(pink)

0.66 (violet)

Rf 4

0.19(pink)

0.64(pink)

0.73 (light green)

Rf 5

0.21 (red)

0.75(pink)

0.93(light green)

Rf 6

0.63(red)

0.89(pink)

-

Rf 7

0.74(red)

0.96(pink)

-

Rf 8

0.78(red)

-

-

Rf 9

0.88(red)

-

-

Rf 10

0.94(red)

-

-

Result and Discussion

Chemical analysis of GymnemaSylvestre is presented in Table 01 including that Alkaloids, Proteins, Resin, Tannin present in the sample but carbohydrates, saponin and starch are absent in the sample, by chemical analysis and HPTLC fingerprinting seen in different coloured fingerprinting of sample.   
Conclusion
From the perusal of the aforementioned discussion, it can thus, be said that the present study reveals the traditional system of primary healthcare that utilises the plant resources as medicines in the research area (Chhatarpur district) Bundelkhand M.P. India. Ethnobotany can strengthen our links to the natural world. After chemical analysis these chemical substances are really act in the balancing sugar in the blood of human beings.
Acknowledgement we are thankful for Dr. Amita Arjariya Botany Department MCBU Chhatrarpur MP & Deen Dayal Research Institute Chitrakoot Satna MP
References
1. Ankit S, et al:, scholars research library, Gymnemasylvestre (Gurmar): A Review 2010 P: 275-276. 2. Balick MJ, Cox Paul Alan. Plant people and culture the science of ethnobotany, scientific American library, USA 1996. 3. De JN, Relationship between ethnic group (tribal) and their plant life in Purulia district, West Bengal a study vanyajati New Delhi 1980:28:26-30. 4. De JN, ethnobotany a newer science in India. Science and culture 1968:34:326-328. 5. Gazzaneoir, De lucenaprf, Paulino De Albu QV (2005). Invitro antioxidant activities of Ocimum species: ocimumbasilicum and ocimum sanctum, J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed. Pp 1:9. 6. Jain SK, De JN. Observation of ethnobotany of purulia West Bengal. Bull Bot Surv India 1966:8:237-251. 7. Saleh AL, AL-Dosari M, Abdul MS, Alsheikh M, Abdel-Kaderms (2009). Evaluation of the Hepatoprotective effect of the fumaria parviflora and Momordica balsaminafrom Saudi folk medicine Against Experimentally induced liver injury in Rats. Res. J. Med. Plants. 3(1):9-15. 8. Tripathi MK, IRO, And incharge sample test report Ayurveda sadan (research lab) AarogyadhamChitrakoot Satna M.P. iso 9001 : 2008.