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| Effect of Monsoon on The Quality of Underground Drinking Water at Jalalpur Block (U.P.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Paper Id :
16887 Submission Date :
2023-11-04 Acceptance Date :
2022-11-17 Publication Date :
2022-11-24
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| Abstract |
Jalalpur is a small block of Jaunpur district, Uttar Pradesh. Ten different underground drinking water samples of India Mark-II hand pump were collected from ten different sites of this block in year 2021. The samples were collected in order to study the effect of monsoon on the quality of underground drinking water with respect to their physico-chemical parameters, for pre-monsoon and after onset of monsoon. The statistical data obtained from quantitative analysis of underground drinking water and water quality standards of W.H.O. are used for calculating the water quality.
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| Keywords | Drinking Ground Water, Jalalpur Block, Water Quality Parameters, Contaminants, Monsoon. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Introduction |
Water is the only naturally occurring inorganic liquid. It is also the only chemical on this planet that occurs naturally in all three states of matter solid, liquid and gaseous. The origin of water preceded the evaluation of life. It is on essential ingredient of animal and plant life. Water is distributed in nature in different forms, such as rain water, river water, spring water and mineral water. Rain water is the purest form of naturally occurring water. (EPA, 1999).
Jalalpur block is a small block which is about 18 km from district Headquarter Jaunpur (U.P.). It is located 82.832 longitude and 25.602 latitude and it is situated at the elevation of 82 meter above sea level. Jalalpur block is located on the south bank of the ‘Sai river’. According to 2011 census the population of Jalalpur block area was found to be 170084 lakhs. Jalalpur block is surrounded by Kerakat block from East, Mariahu block from West, Sarkoni block from North and Pindra block from South. UPSIDC Pindra, Varanasi is the industrial areas situated in the south West of Jalalpur.
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| Objective of study | Study of site-wise and seasonal variation of quality of underground drinking water with respect to their various physico- chemical parameters for ten different sites for pre-monsoon and after onset of monsoon. |
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| Review of Literature | Water below the land surface both from unsaturated and saturated zones,
is referred to as ground water (Edwin et al, 2016). The presence of safe &
reliable drinking water is an essential pre-requisite for a stable community
(A.K. De, 2003). Millions of Handpumps and tube wells have been installed all
over the country to provide safe and potable water for various uses. The
quality reports have shown that the ground water supplies are now at the risk
of contamination (W.H.O., 2008).
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| Methodology | The different physico-chemical parameters used for the analysis of drinking water samples are, pH, Hardness, alkalinity , Turbidity, TDS, Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen, BOD, COD, Fluoride Chloride, Sulphate, Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Zinc for pH, Systronics m pH system 361, for conductivity systronic conductivity meter 306 and for turbidity Nepheloturbidity meter type 131 were used. |
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| Sampling |
Ten different underground drinking water sampling sites at Jalalpur block of Jaunpur district (U.P.) were selected in order to study the physico-chemical characteristics of underground drinking water for pre-monsoon and after onset of monsoon period. All the ten samples were collected from India Mark-II (IM-II) hand pumps. All
the samples were collected and preserved by following the standards and
procedures. A proper description of sampling sites is presented in table first.
The different physico-chemical parameters used for the analysis of drinking
water samples are, pH, Hardness, alkalinity , Turbidity, TDS, Conductivity,
Dissolved Oxygen, BOD, COD, Fluoride Chloride, Sulphate, Calcium, Magnesium,
Iron, Zinc for pH, Systronics m pH system 361, for conductivity systronic
conductivity meter 306 and for turbidity
Nepheloturbidity meter type 131 were used. A brief description of sampling site
is presented in table-1. Table-1: Brief Description of
sampling sites
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| Result and Discussion |
The critical analysis of data represented in table-2 indicates that the underground drinking water of Jalalpur block is fit for human consumption invariably at all the sites for pre-monsoon as well as after onset of monsoon. Fig. No.-1:
Site-wise Seasonal Variation of pH.
Fig. No.-2: Site-wise Seasonal Variation of Hardness
Fig. No.-3: Site-wise Seasonal Variation of Chloride
Fig. No.-4: Site-wise Seasonal Variation of Sulphate
Fig. No.-5: Site-wise Seasonal Variation of Magnesium
Fig. No.-6:
Site-wise Seasonal Variation of Iron
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| Findings | The observed values of different physico-chemical parameters for pre-monsoon and after onset of monsoon with their WHO standards are presented in table-2. Site wise and seasonal variation of some important water quality parameter are also presented in fig.- 1 to 6 following facts are obtained regarding the effect of monsoon on drinking water on alaysing the data presented in table and graphs. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conclusion |
The underground drinking water of Jalalpur is found to be alkaline in nature and small decrease is observed in its pH value after the onset of monsoon. The pH value of pre-monsoon period range from 7.08 to 7.67 and after onset of monsoon it becomes 7.03 to 7.57. From given data and inference can be drawn that the water of study area is found to be hard at all the sites for both the season except at site no. (ii) (iii) and (ix) were it is very hard. The concentration of magnesium is quite higher than their permissible limit whereas the concentration of calcium is below the W.H.O. standards. Hence, the hardness of water is mainly due to the salts of magnesium. The concentration of iron in pre-monsoon period is quite higher than the recommended W.H.O. standards. After onset of monsoon the concentration is slightly decreases is comparison to pre-monsoon. Due to high concentration of iron the drinking water of all the ten sites is injurious for human health. From given table-2 it is concluded that the underground drinking water of all the ten sites is found to be deficient of essential micro-nutrients-calcium and zinc. The concentration of fluoride is quite below than their permissible W.H.O. standards, 1.0 ppm. Its deficiency and high concentration both are injurious to public health. Table-2 indicates that the fluoride concentration increases after onset of monsoon. |
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| References | 1. A.K.De (2003), Environmental Chemistry, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
2. D.K. Sinha, Rajneesh Singh, Gaurav Kumar Rastogi, (2011) “ Ground water quality and effect of monsoon at Sultanpur” Int., J. Chem. Sci., 9(2), 911-918.
3. Edwin Brands, Raj Rajgopal (2016). “International Encyclopedia of Geogrphy: People the Earth, Evironment and Technology, 1-17.
4. EPA, (1999) “Health effect from exposure to high levels of sulphate in drinking water study. Environmental protection”. January 25th.
5. W.H.O. (2008); Guidelines for drinking water quality, World Health Organization, Geneva.
6. W.H.O. (1994) International Standards for Drinking Water, World Health Organization, Geneva.
7. Sonone SS Jadhav, S. Sankhla, M.S. Kumar R. (2020) by heavy metals and toxic their effects on Aquaculture and human health through food chain letters in applied Nano bioscience 10,2 2,2148-2166. |
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