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| Study Of Different Solar Energy Strategies | |||||||
| Paper Id :
17000 Submission Date :
2023-01-06 Acceptance Date :
2023-01-19 Publication Date :
2023-01-25
This is an open-access research paper/article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For verification of this paper, please visit on
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| Abstract |
Solar energy is one of the world's most cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative energy options. The flow of solar energy is extremely unpredictable due to its dependence on a variety of variables such as weather, seasons, and other environmental/ecological conditions. Estimating solar radiation is an inevitable prerequisite for optimizing solar resources and improving the efficiency of solar systems. The solar industry requires supportive policies to continue its development. Solar power systems and their related technologies have become a common green energy source around the world. Solar energy is not yet widely used in contrast to traditional forms of energy owing to the extremely high cost of building, low conversion rates, and issues with battery capacity. Considering all of this review solar system have a positive outlook future as a solar-powered global powerhouse. This paper studies a comparative analysis between grid extension and the implementation of renewable off-grid hybrid power system. Despite the challenges, numerous advanced materials and approaches to improving the efficiency of solar energy transitions raise the consumer appeal of solar power. In this paper we study the literature from the previous year research paper of promising solar power technologies. This paper also tries to discuss about which type of system used by different authors and also discussed about power generation profile used by different authors.
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| Keywords | Solar Energy, Photovoltaic Energy, Machine Learning. | ||||||
| Introduction |
With technological advancements and an ever-increasing population, energy output must rise to meet rising demand. Our planet's energy demand is forecast to climb to an alarming 36.5 trillion kWh by 2040. Our reliance on assets such as gas, coal, and natural gas will soon come to an end as we become more aware of the dangerously unsustainable lack of these services. As a result, the emphasis is on discovering new, clean energy sources.[1] Foreign annual expenditures in green energy suppliers, for example, are rising significantly, with solar energy being one of the more prominent sources and it is one of the most renewable energy supply sources. In fact, global solar energy production increases by an average of 8.3 percent each year[2] and is expected to increase to 15.7 percent between 2012 and 2040.[3]
Although solar energy is green, the sources of energy itself are dependent on a variety of ecological and environmental factors. A correlation between various historical data and the availability of solar energy is critical for organisational, policy, and planning purposes. It would also be beneficial to automatically learn these relations using machine learning algorithms in order to embed them in workflows for energy consumption optimization.[4] Climate change and the gradual decline of nonrenewable energy supplies are motivating forces behind clean energy research and growth, which impacts both countries and businesses.
Green energy, also known as renewable energy development, is a hot topic of science right now. Solar energy is one of the most common and well-known forms of renewable energy since it is simple to get and has less constraints on procurement and implementation. Solar energy is relatively expensive in comparison to fossil fuels, and energy storage options are often insufficient for night power, extended storms, and gloomy weather. The aim of this paper is to explain the development of solar power technologies. On Earth, sunlight is an inexhaustible source of free energy.[5] To produce enough electricity, a number of renewable energy sources may be used (e.g. hydraulic, biomass, geothermal and solar).
In order to generate energy i.e. it involves green resources with substantial global potential, but geothermal and hydraulic (such as dams) are geographically restricted, and biomass (such as wood and vegetables, solid waste, waste coal, biogas, ethanol, and biodiesel) needs combustion, which practically raises the intensity of carbon pollution.[6] “Technologies are being developed to generate power from harvested solar energy. Several solar power systems are economically practical and are used as renewable alternatives around the world (though not entirely eliminating conventional electricity sources)”.[7]
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| Objective of study | The flow of solar energy is extremely unpredictable due to its dependence on a variety of variables such as weather, seasons, and other environmental/ecological conditions. More energy from the sun falls on the earth in one hour than is used by everyone in the world in one year. Solar power systems and their related technologies have become a common green energy source around the world The study aims to assess recent developments in solar science and make predictions about the future of solar electricity. A variety of technologies convert sunlight to usable energy for buildings. The most commonly used solar technologies for homes and businesses are solar photovoltaics for electricity, passive solar design for space heating and cooling, and solar water heating.
Businesses and industry use solar technologies to diversify their energy sources, improve efficiency, and save money. Energy developers and utilities use solar photovoltaic and concentrating solar power technologies to produce electricity on a massive scale to power cities and small towns. The main objective is to learn more about the solar technologies. |
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| Main Text |
Solar
Technology Development The sections
that follow represent the detailed history of solar energy and its invention
mining initiatives. “The aim of this paper is to look at the past of solar
science and clarify where it is going now. This framework would be used to
explore additional theoretical aspects of solar physics. Solar power is
attractive because it is abundant and offers a remedy to the emissions
generated by fossil energy and global climate change.8 The
Earth receives solar radiation at a rate of approximately 1,73,000 TW.9 This
greatly exceeds the current global average energy consumption rate of about 15
TW10, as well as all potential criteria.11 India is
an ideal solar combination since it is both highly settled and has high solar
insulation.12 India is now a major producer of wind” energy. Table 1. Table shows a review of literature
of power generation profile, a load profile, and the methods used by various
academics (In different research papers). Abbreviations: OGH (off-grid
home)
Demonstrates
that “HOMER can optimise standalone hybrid systems that combine renewable
energy sources (such as wind turbines, PV panels, and hydro turbines) with
backup and storage systems based on batteries and hydrogen. In this study, we
present the methodology used to develop an independent hybrid system that can
meet the load energy need all year round. Each method's hybrid system design
for the standalone application under investigation has been simulated using a
model of the hybrid system. In this work, a proposal is made for the use of
off-grid hybrid systems to provide the constant power requirements of telecom
distant base stations. The preferred function of electrolytic hydrogen inside a
hybrid system was studied using a model. As a result of the hybrid designs presented,
systems should be more robust and have a longer lifespan than is possible with
only batteries alone. Two different integrated hydrogen energy systems for
eco-friendly homes are compared and contrasted. The energy systems employ a mix
of solar photovoltaic arrays and wind turbines to satisfy the power needs of
the dwelling a detailed parametric analysis is undertaken to evaluate the
impacts of various essential factors such as wind speed, ambient temperature,
and solar irradiation on the energy efficiency of the systems. Here, we use the
hydrogen-based energy development methods that have been shown to be effective
elsewhere, and we look at how well they may work in tandem with renewable
energy. An analytical model to size, evaluate and assess the feasibility of a
hybrid photovoltaic/hydrogen (PV/H2) energy conversion system using actual
meteorological data is described in this study. Both the amount of energy
stored and the necessary electric load are factors in determining the hybrid
system's efficiency. The author demonstrates that battery storage and/or hydrogen
storage are theoretically viable options for energy storage. System
configurations that use both forms of storage in parallel provide the best
results with the lowest carbon emissions (during operation). The findings will
also be utilised to help make decisions on appropriate storage options for the
area under consideration in this study. In this research, we examine the pros
and cons of both grid expansion and the introduction of a renewable off-grid
hybrid power system. The research takes into account needs for heating,
cooling, and lighting. The Net Present Cost of each possible outcome is used to
choose the best one. To examine how the cost of hydrogen storage affects the
overall price of electricity in a renewable off-grid system, a sensitivity
analysis of past and future costs was performed. An economic analysis of
hydrogen electrolysis for off-grid applications is presented in this research.
The Ely4off project (n 700359) in Europe is funding this research. The optimal
Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCoE) is determined by comparing four different
system configurations supplied solely by photovoltaics under certain
techno-economic hypothesis: photovoltaic-batteries,
photovoltaic-hydrogen-batteries, photovoltaic-diesel generator, and diesel
generator; the impact of location and different consumption profiles is
investigated. This article makes use of the advantageous
geographical position of Ecuador in regards to solar radiation via the research
and implementation of renewable energy systems (RES). A highly efficient hybrid
PV-FC-B power system is proposed here. Grid-side faults may cause
frequent power outages, voltage reductions, and power fluctuations in
off-the-grid locales including villages, islands, and mountainous regions.
During grid-side outages, important loads in these outlying areas may be met
more reliably by using renewable energy sources that are linked to the grid or
by using micro-grids. Solar photovoltaic (PV) power systems are readily
available in renewable energy systems, and hybrid PV-battery systems or energy
storage systems (ESS) are better capable of delivering uninterruptible power to
the local critical loads during grid-side breakdowns. A solar power
conditioning system (PCS) mediates communication between the photovoltaic (PV)
source, the battery, and the load/central” grid in this setup. |
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| Conclusion |
The study aims to assess recent advances in solar science and make prophecies about the future of solar electricity. Thorough assessments of solar power know-hows are provided via the study's proposed discovery process based on literature learning techniques. Policies that encourage solar energy are essential to the sector's future development. Both grid development and the introduction of renewable off-grid amalgam power systems are appraised, and an optimal design of a hybrid PV-FC-B power system is carried out. Hence, this work presents a literature review of the sources used by a large number of researches, including the unit, power production outline, load profile, and systems. |
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| References | 1. Cano, A., Jurado, F., S´anchez, H., Fern´andez, L.M., Casta˜neda, M., 2014. Optimal sizing of stand-alone hybrid systems based on PV/WT/FC by using several methodologies. J. Energy Inst. 87 (4), 330–340.
2. Scamman, D., Newborough, M., Bustamante, H., 2015. Hybrid hydrogen-battery systems for renewable off-grid telecom power. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 40 (40), 13876–13887
3. Khalid, F., Aydin, M., Dincer, I., Rosen, M.A., 2016. Comparative assessment of two integrated hydrogen energy systems using electrolyzers and fuel cells. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 41 (44), 19836–19846
4. Yunez, A., Gonz´alez-Huerta, R.d.G., Tufi˜no-Vel´azquez, M., Barbosa, R., Escobar, B., 2016. Solar-hydrogen hybrid system integrated to a sustainable house in Mexico. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 41 (43), 19539–19545
5. Prasanna, A., Dorer, V., 2017. Feasibility of renewable hydrogen based energy supply for a district. Energy Proc. 122, 373–378.
6. Lai, C.S.; Jia, Y.; Lai, L.L.; Xu, Z.; McCulloch, M.D.; Wong, K.P. A comprehensive review on large-scale photovoltaic system with applications of electrical energy storage. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2017, 78, 439–451.
7. Sridhar, V.; Umashankar, S. A comprehensive review on CHB MLI based PV inverter and feasibility study of CHB MLI based PV-STATCOM. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2017, 78, 138–156.
8. Luta, D.N., Raji, A.K., 2018. Decision-making between a grid extension and a rural renewable off-grid system with hydrogen generation. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 43 (20), 9535–9548.
9. Gracia, L., Casero, P., Bourasseau, C., Chabert, A., 2018. Use of Hydrogen in Off-Grid Locations, a Techno-Economic Assessment, Energies 11 (11)
10. Chen, L.; Chen, H.; Li, Y.; Li, G.; Yang, J.; Liu, X.; Xu, Y.; Ren, L.; Tang, Y. SMES-Battery Energy Storage System for the Stabilization of a Photovoltaic-Based Microgrid. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 2018, 28, 1–7.
11. Rallabandi, V.; Akeyo, O.M.; Jewell, N.; Ionel, D.M. Incorporating Battery Energy Storage Systems Into Multi-MW Grid Connected PV Systems. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 2018, 55, 638–647.
12. Yang, Y.; Ye, Q.; Tung, L.J.; Greenleaf, M.; Li, H. Integrated Size and Energy Management Design of Battery Storage to Enhance Grid Integration of Large-Scale PV Power Plants. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 2018, 65, 394–402 |
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