P: ISSN No. 2231-0045 RNI No.  UPBIL/2012/55438 VOL.- XI , ISSUE- III February  - 2023
E: ISSN No. 2349-9435 Periodic Research
Floristic Diversity and Ecological Characterstics of Flora of Ratannagar and Dabla Beed, Churu (Rajasthan)
Paper Id :  17190   Submission Date :  2023-02-12   Acceptance Date :  2023-02-23   Publication Date :  2023-02-25
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Mukesh Kumar Meena
Assistant Professor
Botany
Govt. Lohia College
Churu,Rajasthan, India
J. B. Khan
Associate Professor
Botany
Govt. Lohia College
Churu, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
The flora is considered the breathing lungs of ecosystem which holds the earth surface of its heart. The present work has been carried out to collect information regarding diverse plant species found in the study area. The study was conducted to explore and to identify plants species of Ratannagar and Dabla Beed of parts of Thar Desert near Churu. A list of angiospermous and gymnospermous plants has been developed after extensive field work- seasonal tracking of the plants species and floristic surveys of this region, during last four year. A total number of 173 species and 117 genera belonging to 50 angiospermous families and only species of gymnospermous family were reported. The ecological study might be helpful for protection and manageable utilization of plants. Biodiversity conservation is essential for living organisms.
Keywords Ratannagr Beed, Dabla Beed and Floristic Diversity.
Introduction
Floristic diversity can be defined as ‘the variety and variability of flora found in specific geographical area. It refers to number of plant taxa present in a specific area (Mishra et al., 2015). India has very rich plant diversity with four biodiversity hot spots; many plant species of hot spots are endemic. The flora of a region is a comprehensive reflection of the evolution and temporal distribution of plants in a certain natural environment i.e. it reflects relationship between flora, the environment and geological history of the local region. Various biotic and abiotic factors are responsible for the changing pattern of flora. The growing interest in investigation and validation of traditionally used herbal medicines in recent years asserts to explore through more and more studies on floral diversity. World Health Organization has estimated that approximately 80% of the world population is using traditional medicine for initial health care needs (Fransworth, 1990). India has great phytogeographical diversity and 8% of the world’s total biodiversity that place India among the 12 mega-diversity countries in the world. This status is based on the richness of plants species and levels of endemism (Roy and Roy, 2019). Indian desert is one of the largest sub tropical deserts of the world of which 20% is arid and rest is semiarid which encompasses vast area of western Gujrat, southwestern Punjab, Haryana and western Rajasthan, known as Great Indian Desert or Indian Thar Desert. Rajasthan is largest state in term of geographical area and located in the northwest part of the country (Mishra and Pareek, 2015). It covers 3,42,239 sq. km area¬¬¬¬ and a great variety of natural vegetation ranging from mixed deciduous and sub-tropical evergreen forests in the east and south-east of Aravalli range. The Aravalli, considered among the oldest system of mountains in the world, divides Rajasthan into two regions, a fertile region on the south-east direction and a sandy desert on the north-west direction. These two regions differ in their annual rainfall, physiographic, climate and pattern as well as floristic composition (Aery & Tiagi, 2001). Studies on vast phyto-diversity with different habitats in the region have been carried out by many workers of this field (Bhandari, 1978; Shetty and Singh, 1987-93; Singh et al., 1997; Trivedi, 2002; Tiagi and Aery, 2007; Joshi and Shringi, 2014). Churu district lies in the located in the northern part of Rajasthan. Most of Shekhwati region lies in the Great Indian Thar Desert, situated 400m above the sea level. Topography of the region is characterized by sandy dunes in most of the part. The whole central and northern part of the district is primarily occupied with Aeolian sand and partly by fluvial deposits. A lot of work has been done on the exploration of floristic diversity of different places of Rajasthan, but references for taxonomic description about district Churu are less documented and understood.
Objective of study
This objective of this study is: 1. To analyze floristic diversity, composition, and structure of study area 2. Studies on the role of biotic and climatic components on plant adaptation and ecological functioning 3. To develop database of plant diversity in study area 4. To access the plant community structure of this area that will no doubt be helpful for management of this biodiversity rich area in future.
Review of Literature

Biodiversity is necessary for the survival of humans, economic wellbeing and the functioning or stability of the ecosystem (Singh, 2012). India has a rich tradition of plant diversity conservation. Traditional human relationships like beliefs, faith, customs and preferences played an important role in conservation of habitats and individual species of biomes. The Indian Thar Desert known as ‘Maru-Pradesh’ means the region known for the erosion and depletion of phytodiversity. It has diversification of several forest plant species, grasses, shrubs, herbs and ornamental plants and treasure house of wild economic plants, wild edible and medicinal used in several Ayurvedas. Sarup and Puri (1960) described and discussed the distribution of desert vegetation in various habitats in the state. The high floristic diversity of the area is due to the presence of diverse ecological habitats as well as climatic variations. Impact of climate on plant diversity and environment was studied by many workers. Thar Desert of Rajasthan, the floral diversity in this region is facing high anthropogenic pressure (Kaur, et al., 2020). Overgrazing of the lands by poorly managed traditional herd is one of the primary causes of desertification.  Significant and authentic taxonomic work was contributed in the field of botany by Bhandari with the publcation of a book ‘Flora of the Indian desert’ (1990). Habitat fragmentation is considered one of the leading causes of biodiversity losses (Chaudhari and Pathak, 2022). An environmental factor such as temperature, soil, air plays an important role into determining the types of flora and fauna (Sharma and Pandey, 2010). Collection and documentation of important ethno medicinal information were helped the scientific investigators to look into its scientific aspects (Swargiary et al., 2019). The world is undergoing a very fast loss of plant diversity comparable with the great mass extinction events that was previously occurred only five or six times in the Earth’s history (Barnosky et al., 2011). Extensive field work was done in most of the part of Rajasthan for exploration, population studies and conservation status of wild rare, endangered, threatened and endemic plants. They described about 20 species of which ex-situ conservation in the Desert lead garden has been attempted it has been also described as the efforts have been made to conserve a species at Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI) (Kumar and Purohit, 2015). Joshi and Shringi (2014) recorded 37 plant species as rare and threatened in Jawahar Sagar Sanctuary area in Kota (Rajasthan). Floristic diversity is the resource for healthy environment; it needs to be conserved for human welfare and of course for the coming generations (Manju Chaudhary and S.K. Shringi, 2017). Tiagi and Aery (2007) published the Flora of Rajasthan (South and South-East Rajasthan) and included systematic and up to date representation of 1378 plant species belonging to 126 families. “Flora of Churu” (Singh et al., 1997), the phytodiversity and ecology of Churu district has been studied by Harsh (2002) and Mohammed et al., (2002).

Main Text

Study Area

Churu district is situated in the middle portion of the North-East part of Rajasthan between 27◦ 24′N to 29◦ 00′N latitude and 73◦ 40′E to 75◦ 41′E longitude, occupying an area of about 13,858.38 km2. The district constituting a part of the Thar Desert of India is situated 286.20 meters above the sea level. The district is well known for huge diurnal and seasonal temperature variations from 0◦C in winters to 50◦C in summers with shifting sand dunes, erratic and scanty rainfall, and high wind velocity and poor vegetation cover. The sandy soil and bright sunlight are the two significant natural resources abundantly available in this region which are responsible for the development of the xerophytes having a variety of medicinal properties. Generally the folk people are well acquainted with these medicinal values.

Present studies were carried out at conserved areas in surroundings of Churu city- (A) Ratannagar Beed with area of 538.7 Hectare situated at Churu- Jaipur road and 5 Km away from Churu city in south Side; and  (B) Dabla Beed encompassing 621.62 Hectare area is the conserve area located at Churu-Buntia road and 1Km away  from Churu city North side.


Methodology
The following materials and methods were used during study: I. Floristic Survey: During the investigation, frequent field trips were undertaken in winter, summer and monsoon. The vegetation types of major parts in the adjacent areas of Churu beeds comprise of tropical deciduous forests on the sand dunes and exposed slopes along isolated pockets of semi-evergreen forests. II. Herbarium Method: During field trips, plants growing in different stages were collected; their photographs were taken and identified. The plant specimens were collected during different reproductive stages such as flowering, fruiting and folly mature stage. They were preserved according to the herbarium methods. It identified with the help of local people and relevant literatures (Verma and Khan, 2014). III. Interaction with local people: During field trips made in different seasons, regular interviews of local persons have been conducted to know about the medicinal uses of plants and documented the plants diversity used by the public residing in vicinity of the study area for various purposes such as food, fodder, furniture, fiber, fuel and medicine.
Result and Discussion

Study area have arid climate, therefore the vegetation of the area is adapted to environmental stresses including high temperature, extreme aridity, low nutrients and high evaporation and low precipitation. The present studies 174 species of plants belonging to 51 families used by the people for various purposes. The study focuses on an inventory of arid diversity of study area. After carefully screening, following plants have been identified.

                Table 1: List of Wild plant species of study area

S. No.

Name of Plants

Habit

Common Name

1. Family- Acanthaceae

1

Blepharis sindica T. Anders.

Annual herb

Bhangari, Bilikhoj

2

Peristrophe bicalyculata (Forsk.) Burm.f.

Annual herb

Kagjangha

2. Family- Aizoaceae

3

Trianthema portulacastrum Linn. Flava Form

Annual herb

Safed santo

4

Trianthema portulacastrum Linn. Rubra Form

Annual herb

Safed santo

5

T. triquetra Rottler ex Willd.

Annual herb

Lutanki

6

Zaleya redimita (Melville) Bhandari

Annual herb

Gudalio satto

3. Family- Amaranthaceae

7

Achyranthes aspera Linn.

Annual herb

Undo Kanto

8

Aerva persica (Burm. f.) Merrill

Perennial shrub

Bui

9

A. pseudotomentosa Blatt. & Halb.

Perennial shrub

Buari

10

Amaranthus hybridis Linn.

Annual herb

Poncha

11

A. spinosus Linn.

Annual herb

Chaulai

12

A. viridis Linn.

Annual herb

Jangli chaulai

13

Celosia argentia Linn.

Annual herb

Makhmal

14

Digeria alternifolia (Linn.) Mart.

Annual herb

Gundro

4. Family- Apocynaceae

15

Nerium indicum Linn.

Perennial shrub

Kaner

16

Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) Merr.

Perennial shrub

Pili kaner

5. Asclepiadaceae

17

Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br.

Perennial shrub

Aak

18

Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forsk.) Decne.

perennial shrub

Khimp

19

Pergularia daemia (Forsk.) Chiov.

Perennial climber

Gadaria ki bel

6. Family- Asteraceae

20

Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit.

Perennial shrub

Dancemar

21

Echinops echinatus Roxb.

Annual herb

Unt-kantalo

22

Launaea procumbens (Roxb.) Ramayya & Rajgopa

Annual herb

Jangali gobi

23

Oligochaeta ramosa (Roxb.) Wagenitz

Annual herb

Brahm buti

24

Parthenium hysterophorus Linn.

Annual herb

Congress Grass

25

Pulicaria crispa (Cass.) Benth. & Hook. f.

Annual herb

Sohanfali

26

P. wightiana (DC.) Clarke

Annual herb

Sonfuladi

27

Sonchus asper (L.) Hill.

Perennial herb

Kalijibi

28

Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth.

Annual herb

Jangli-genda

29

Vernonia cinerea (Linn.) Less.

Annual herb

Sahdevi

30

Xanthium strumarium Linn.

Annual herb

Adhasisi

7. Family- Bignoniaceae

31

Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem.

Tree

Rohira

8. Family- Boraginaceae

32

Heliotropium marifolium Koen. ex Retz.

Annual herb

Choti sanatri

33

H. ovalifolium Forsk.

Annual herb

Kundan

34

H. subulatum Hochst. ex DC.

Annual herb

Kali bui

9. Family- Brassicaceae

35

Farsetia hamiltonii Royle

Annual herb

Hiran-chhabo

10. Family- Cactaceae

36

Opuntia elatior Mill.

Shrub

Nag-phani

11. Family- Capparaceae

37

Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew.

Tree

Kair

38

Cleome gynandra Linn.

Annual herb

Safed bagro

39

C. viscosa Linn.

Annual herb

Hulhul

12. Family- Cascutaceae

40

Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.

Perennial climber

Amar-bel

13. Family- Celastraceae

41

Maytenus emarginata (Willd.) Ding Hou

Tree

Kankero

14. Family- Chenopodiaceae

42

Chenopodium album Linn.

Annual herb

Bathua

43

C. murale Linn.

Annual herb

Chilwa

15. Family- Commelinaceae

44

Commeliana benghalensis Linn.

Annual herb

Moriyabati

16. Family- Convolvulaceae

45

Evolvulus alsinoides (Linn.) Linn.

Periennial herb

Shankhpushpi

46

Ipomoea cairica (Linn.) Sweet

Perennial climber

Railway creeper

47

I. pestigridis Linn.

Perennial climber

Panchpatia

48

I. sindica Stapf

Perennial climber

Rota belari

49

Merremia aegyptia (Linn.) Uraban

Perennial climber

Rota bel

50

M. dissecta (Jacq.) Hall.f.

Perennial climber

Rotabel

17. Family- Cucurbitaceae

51

Citrullus colocynthis (Linn.) Schard.

Perennial herb

Tumbo

52

C. fistulosus Stocks

Perennial herb

Tinsi

53

C. lanatus (Thumb.) Matsumara & Nakai

Perennial herb

Matiro

54

Ctenolepis cerasiformis (Stocks) Naud.

Annual climber

Ankh phutani

55

Cucumis callosus (Rottl.) Cong.

Annual climber

Kachri

56

C. melo (Linn.) var. agrestis Nanud

Annual climber

Kachari

57

Momordica balsamina Linn.

Perennial climber

Bar karela

58

Mukia madraspatana (Linn.) Spreng.

Perennial climber

Aankh phutani ki bel

18. Family- Cyperaceae

59

Cyperus arenarius Retz.

Perennial herb

Jachab

60

C. bulbosus Vahl

Perennial herb

Moth

61

C. compressus Linn.

Annual herb

Mothio

62

C. conglomeratus Rottb.

Annual herb

Mandusi

63

C. flavidusRetz.

Perennial herb

 

64

C. iria Linn.

Perennial herb

Moth

65

C. rotundus Linn.

Perennial herb

Motho

66

Dichanthium annulatum

Annual herb

Kail grass)

19. Family- Ehretiaceae

67

Cordia dichotoma Forst. f. Prodr

Tree

Lasora

68

C. gharaf (Forsk.) Ehrenb. & Aschers.

Tree

Goondi

20. Family- Euphorbiaceae

69

Croton sparsiflorus Morong

Annual herb

Kala-Bhangra

70

Euphorbia caducifolia Haines

Perrenial shrub

Thor

71

E. granulata Forsk.

Annual herb

Dudheli

72

E. hirta Linn.

Annual herb

Dhedi-dudheli

73

E. prostrata Aiton

Annual herb

Dudhi

74

E. thymifolia Linn.

Annual herb

Chhoti dudhi

75

Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn.

Annual herb

Gugario, Googajanti

76

P. fraternus Webster

Annual herb

Gugaria

77

P. niruri Linn.

Annual herb

Bhumi-aamla

78

Ricinus communis Linn.

Tree

Arandi

21. Family- Fabaceae

79

Alysicarpus monilifer (Linn.) DC.

Annual herb

Leel

80

Bauhinia racemosa Lamk.

Tree

Jhinjha

81

Crotalaria burhia Buch. Ham.

Perennial shrub

Sanio

82

Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.

Tree

Sisham

83

Indigofera cordifolia Heyne ex Roth.

Annual herb

Bakario

84

I. hochstetteri Baker

Annual herb

Aadio bekario

85

I. linifolia (Linn. f.) Retz.

Annual herb

Lambio-Bekario

86

Mililotus indica (Linn.) All.

Annual herb

Metho

87

Parkinsonia aculeata Linn.

Tree

Keshu

88

Rhynchosia minima (Linn.) DC.

Annual climber

Chirio-motio

89

Tephrosia purpurea (Linn.) Pers.

Perennial herb

Bansa

22. Family- Fumaricaceae

90

Fumaria indica (Haussk.) Pugsley

Annual herb

Pithpapro

23. Family- Lemnaceae

91

Lemna perpusilla Torrey

Aquatic herb

Kumudni

24. Family- Liliaceae

92

Aloe vera (Linn.) Burm. f.

Perennial herb

Gwrarpatha

93

Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav.

Annual herb

Piazi

25. Family- Malvaceae

94

Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sweet

Perennial shrub

Kanghi

26. Family- Meliaceae

95

Azardirachta indica A. Juss.

Tree

Neem

96

Melia azedarach Linn.

Tree

Bakain

27. Family- Menispermaceae

97

Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers.

Perennial climber

Nim-Giloy

98

Cocculus pendulus (J.R. & G. Forst.) Diels

Perennial climber

Pilwani

28. Family- Mimosaceae

99

Acacia jacqemontii Benth.

Tree

Bu-banvali

100

A. nilotica (Linn.) Del.

Tree

Babul

101

A. senegal (Linn.) Willd.

Tree

Kumbat

102

A. tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne

Tree

Israeli babul, Umbrella thorn

103

Albizia lebbeck (Linn.) Willd.

Tree

Sares

104

Mimosa hamata Willd.

Perennial shrub

Alai

105

Prosopis cineraria (Linn.) Benth. & Hook.f.

Tree

Khejri, Jaanti

106

P. juliflora (Swartz) DC.

Tree

Vilayti Babool

29. Family- Molluginaceae

107

Gisekia pharnaceoides Linn.

Annual herb

Sureli

108

Mollugo cerviana (Linn.) Ser.

Annual herb

Chirio ghas

109

M. nudicaulis Lamk.

Annual herb

Hilro

30. Family- Moraceae

110

Ficus bengalensis Linn.

Tree

Bargad

111

F. religiosa Linn.

Tree

Pipal

31. Family- Moringaceae

112

Moringa oleifera Lamk.

Tree

Sanjano

32. Family- Myrtaceae

113

Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.

Tree

Safeda

33. Family- Nyctaginaceae

114

Boerhavia diffusa Linn.

Perennial herb

Sata

115

B. erecta Linn.

Annual herb

Santa

116

Bougainvillea glabra Choisy

Perennial climber

Bogan bel

34. Family- Orobanchaceae

117

Orobanche cernua Loefl.

Annual herb

Margoza

35. Family- Papaveraceae

118

Argemone mexicana Linn.

Annual herb

Satayanasi

36. Family- Pedaliaceae

119

Pedalium murex Linn.

Annual herb

Bara-gokhru

120

Sesamum indicum Linn.

Annual herb

Jangli Til

37. Family- Periplocaceae

121

Cryptostegia grandiflora R. Br.

Perennial climber

Vilayti akaro

38. Family- Poaceae

122

Aristida funiculata Trin. & Rupr.

Annual herb

Lamp

123

Brachiaria ramosa (Linn.) Stapf.

Annual herb

Murat

124

Brachiaria reptans (Linn.) Gard.

Annual herb

Para grass

125

Cenchrus biflorus Roxb.

Annual herb

Bhurat

126

C. ciliaris Linn.

Annual herb

Dhamanio

127

C. prieurii (Kunth) Maire

Annual herb

Lambio-bhurat

128

C. setigerus Vahl.

Annual herb

Dhaman

129

Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers.

Annual herb

Dhob

130

C. barberi Rang. & Tad.

Annual herb

Doob

131

Dactyloctenium aegyptium (Linn.) P. Beauv.

Annual herb

Makaro

132

D. sindicum Boiss.

Annual herb

Tantia

133

Desmostachya bipinnata (Linn.) Stapf

Annual herb

Dab

134

Digitaria biformis Willd.

Annual herb

Jhernio

135

D. ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler.

Annual herb

Jharanio

136

D. sanguinalis (Linn.) Willd

Annual herb

 

137

Eragrostis ciliaris (Linn.)  R. Br.

Annual herb

Lutia-lamp

138

E. pilosa (Linn.) P. Beauv.

Annual herb

Seta ghaas

139

E. tremula Hochst. ex Steud.

Annual herb

Chuvalio

140

Erianthus munja Linn.

Perennial herb

Kuncha

141

Lasiurus sindicus Henr.

Perennial herb

Shevan

142

Panicum antidotale Retz.

Perennial herb

Garmano

143

P. turgidum Forsk.

Perennial herb

Muratio grass

144

Perotis indica (Linn.) O. Ktze.

Annual herb

Lonki-puncho

145

Polycarpaea corymbosa (Linn.) Lamk.

Annual herb

Zotniokhad

146

Sorghum halepense (Linn.) Pers.

Perennial herb

Baru ghas

39. Family- Polygalaceae

147

Polygala erioptera DC.

Annual herb

Jhojhru

148

Calligonum polygonoides Linn.

Perennial shrub

Phog

40. Family- Portulacaceae

149

Portulaca oleracea Linn.

Annual herb

Luni

150

P. pilosa Linn.

Annual herb

Lunkia

151

P. quadrifida Linn.

Annual herb

Ram-jata

41. Family- Primulaceae

152

Anagallis arvensis Linn.

Annual herb

Neel

42. Family- Rhamnaceae

153

Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.

Tree

Ber

154

Z. nummularia (Burm. f.) Wt.

Perennial shrub

Jhadi

43. Family- Rubiaceae

155

Borreria articularis (Linn. f.) Will.

Annual herb

Agio

156

Spermacoce articularis Linn.

Annual herb

Agio

44. Family- Salvadoraceae

157

Salvadora oleoides Decne.

Tree

Kharo Jhal

158

S. persica Linn.

Tree

Pilu

45. Family- Simaroubaceae

159

Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.

Tree

Aadu

160

Balanites aegyptiaca  (Linn.) Delile.

Tree

Hingoto

46. Family- Solanaceae

161

Datura innoxia Mill.

Annual herb

Dhaturo

162

D. stramonium Linn.

Annual herb

Dhaturo

163

Lycium barbarum Linn.

Perennial shrub

Morali

164

Physalis minima Linn.

Annual herb

Chirphoti

165

Solanum nigrum Linn.

Annual herb

Makoi

166

S. surattense Burm.

Perennial herb

Ringani

167

Withania somnifera (Linn.) Dunal

Perennial herb

Ashawagandha

47. Family- Tamaricaceae

168

Tamarix aphylla (Linn.) Karst.

Tree

Farash

48. Family- Tiliaceae

169

Corchorus depressus (Linn.) Christensen.

Perennial herb

Cham-gash

170

C. tridens Linn.

Perennial herb

Kagnasha

49. Family- Verbenaceae

171

Clerodendrum phlomidis Linn. f.

Perennial shrub

Irna

50. Family- Zygophyllaceae

172

Fagonia indica Burm. f.

Shrub

Dhamaso

173

Tribulus terrestris Linn.

Perennial shrub

Chhota gokhuru

Gymnosperm

1. Family-  – Gnetaceae

174

Ephedra foliata Boiss. & Kotschy ex

Perennial climber

Unt-phog

Plant Habits

No. of Plants

Percentage

 

Tree

29

16.67

 

Shrub

18

10.34

 

Herb

109

62.65

 

Climber

18

10.34

 

174

100

 

 

Plant Habit

The habit of plant demonstrated that there are 4 distinct classes of species in the area of study. The present investigation recorded 16.67% trees, 10.34 % shrubs, 62.65 % herbs, and 10.34% climbers.

Table 3: Life Span, diversity of plants and their percentage in study area

S. No.

Life Span

No. of Plants

Percentage

1

Annual

90

51.72

2

Perrenial

84

48.28

Total

174

100


Life Span

Different plant taxa life span demonstrates that the perennial group comprises of 84 species (48.28%), followed by annuals with 90 species (51.72%). The herbaceous species were seen as leading members comprising of 109 species (62.65%) followed by tree 29 species (16.67%), and climbers and shrubs were each accounting 18 species (10.34%).

Conclusion
Biological diversity and ecosystems provide diverse goods and services to human beings. Unprecedented loss of biodiversity and degradation of ecosystems over the past years poses new and urgent challenges. This region is sparsely vegetated and has limited floral diversity due to high temperature, low rainfall, and exceeds evaporation. All these factors results into very little moisture to support the vegetation. The study area has seen with growth of plants with significant medicinal value, but due to over grazing, forest cutting, lack of awareness and over exploitation the valuable medicinal resources are being lost. The rapid degradation of floral diversity has resulted in the depletion of natural resources on which local communities depend and it has become difficult for them to follow traditional way of life.
Acknowledgement The authors are very grateful to the Principal of the Govt. Lohia College, Churu, Dr. Sher Mohammed, Head of the Botany Department, Dr. P. K. Sharma Associate Professor, and Ashish Sharma Assistant Professor, Deaprtment of Botany, Govt. Lohia College, Churu for their inspiration and co-operation during the whole course of study. Thanks to all officials of the Forest Department of Churu for their assistance in conducting field studies.
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