ISSN: 2456–5474 RNI No.  UPBIL/2016/68367 VOL.- VIII , ISSUE- II March  - 2023
Innovation The Research Concept
Role of Life Insurance Corporation in Inclusive Development: A Case Study
Paper Id :  17379   Submission Date :  2023-03-12   Acceptance Date :  2023-03-22   Publication Date :  2023-03-25
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Mukesh Sankhla
Assistant Professor
Accounting And Business Statics
Government Bangur P.G. College
Pali,Rajasthan, India
Abstract
The Life Insurance Company of India marks a turning moment in India's insurance industry's moderation and modernization. It is essential for preserving the populace's security, improving the country, and promoting equitable development in India. This article discusses how LIC contributes to equitable development in a country. This article centres on the impact of LIC on Growth, women's equality, infrastructure development, and job generation. According to LIC's Yearly Report 2020–21, rural areas account for 21.45% of the 2797.13 million people that LIC protects. With 1353808 workers (on roster) and 108987 straight employees, including 25192 women, there are 1462795 open jobs. During the 2020–21 fiscal year, it issued funds totalling 26322.90 lakhs of rupees for different growth initiatives. Secondary statistics were used from 1960–1961 to 2020–2021. Through the use of statistical tools in SPSS like trend analysis and association, two hypotheses have been developed and evaluated. The outcome demonstrates how GDP has a major impact on the availability of life insurance. The rise in jobs at LIC has a major effect on Economic growth.
Keywords LIC, Employment Generation, Inclusive Development.
Introduction
The origins of life insurance can be traced back to the beginning of human civilization. The Rig Vedic word "Yogakshema," which translates to "well-being," references to a type of societal benefit insurance that the ancient Aryans are said to have established around the year 1000 BC, as stated in the book "Human Aspect of Insurance" written by F.J. Maclean. On June 18, 1583, a policy was taken out on William Gybbons, who lived in London and worked as a salter. This policy was the first known instance of a life insurance policy. In India, the history of life insurance covers 138 years, beginning with the establishment of the first insurance company in 1818 and ending with the nationalisation of the insurance business (1956). During this time period, there were a total of 377 new life insurance companies established, 323 of which had their roots in India while the remaining 54 were located in other countries. The first insurance company in India, the Oriental Life Insurance Company, was established in Calcutta by Europeans who did so in order to provide assistance to the orphans in their community. A number of influential Indians, including Babu Muttylal Seal, Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Prince Dwarakanath Tagore, Ramtanu Lahiri, and Rustomji Cowasji, contributed to the decision to provide Indians with access to insurance coverage. After the Indian government made the decision in 1956 to nationalise the life insurance business, the Life Insurance Corporation was established the following year. There were a total of 245 Indian and international insurers that were taken over by the LIC. Of those, there were 154 Indian insurers and 16 non-Indian insurers, in addition to 75 Charitable organisations. Since the year 2000, LIC has maintained its position as the sole provider of life insurance, and it continues to hold the majority of the market share today. Because it is an investment company, it has consistently been one of the most important contributors to the prosperity of the country. It is important for mobilising household resources and directing them towards long-term expenditures in the development of infrastructure, such as electricity, sewage systems, highways, bridges, industries, and housing, among other things. Acting as a financial conduit between saving and investment is critical to the growth of the Indian economy, which is why it is one of the government's top priorities. In addition, this results in the creation of jobs all over the country. Similar difficulties lie in store for the LIC once it transitions into the private sector market after the year 2000, given that we are all aware that the circumstances of the market in which businesses operate evolve over time. Because of the intensely competitive environment, such enterprises are fraught with problems at every turn. These types of companies improve their competitiveness by delivering superior customer service, expanding their product offerings, reducing their pricing rates, and other similar strategies. LIC is presently experiencing challenges that make it challenging to uphold its reputation. • Inclusive Development: Meaning and Importance Both "inclusive development" and "development" can be traced back to the same root word, "development." Being inclusive means having a feeling of connection, being recognised and treasured for who you are, and getting help from other people so that you can perform at your highest level in whatever endeavour you undertake. The practise of including everyone engages each individual and cultivates a sense of value, both of which are essential for the development of the individual as well as the community in which they live. It is common knowledge that the word "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam" originates from the Upanishads and is written in Sanskrit. (Kutumbakam + Vasudha + Eva) The terms kutumbakam, vasudha, and eva all have to do with different aspects of the family, but they all relate to the planet. It gives the impression that we are all members of the same household. In the context of this discussion, the term "inclusion" alludes to a more diverse array of communal relationships between different people. Since the time of the civilization that flourished in the Indus Valley, inclusive development has been a central tenet of traditional Indian thought and practise. People in the past constructed buildings for the purposes of making roadways, transporting goods, storing goods, and digging wells. In a manner that is analogous to this, equitable development can be seen in India's time-honored gramme panchayat system, which is also referred to as the village republic. The inclusive development strategy has recently come to the forefront of discussions at the United Nations, the World Bank, and the Asian Development Bank, respectively. Participation, nondiscrimination, and responsibility as standards and principles of human rights are incorporated into the inclusive development approach of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). • Importance In a civilised society, we anticipate that people will have long, healthy lives, access to resources for a respectable standard of living, education, and opportunities for participation; all of these things will be made feasible as a result of the process of inclusion. The only way that development can occur is through widespread involvement, and inclusion is what makes this process feasible.
Objective of study
1. To highlight the contribution of the Life Insurance Corporation to the Economy since establishment. 2. To study the role of LIC in employment generation. 3. To study the role of LIC for the empowerment of women. 4. To study the role of LIC in economic development.
Review of Literature

P. Suganthi, Dr. S. Rajaram (2016) the development of the Indian insurance industry from 2007-08 to 2014-15 is discussed in this study in terms of specified financial and marketing characteristics. The time period covered is from 2007-08. This report also includes an examination of trends as well as a calculation of the compound yearly growth rate.

According to Jothi A. L.'s research from December 2014, when the Indian insurance industry was privatized, a ferociously competitive environment emerged. As a result, businesses started selling a diverse range of products in an effort to entice customers, meet their requirements, and achieve customer satisfaction through the customer's optimistic anticipation. The purpose of this research study by is to investigate the question of whether or not socioeconomic characteristics have an influence on the impression that customers have regarding the level of quality provided by life insurance companies.

Sus (Pal, 2007) hil Chandra Pal's study from 2007: In his thesis, which was titled "Insurance industry in new millennium:- A Case of LIC- Challenges and Response," the author's goal was to evaluate not only the aspects of growth and consolidation that led to the organization's establishment on September 1, 1956, but also the saga of income generation and funds management over the years from 1970 to 1990. This evaluation was intended to take place in the context of the insurance industry in the new millennium.

In the research article that Pushpa Kumari (2002) authored and titled "Life Insurance Corporation of India: A Catalyst to Development," she states that the Life Insurance Corporation of India has been making significant contributions to the growth of the Indian economy by encouraging people to save money, investing in various forms of development, and engaging in other forms of activity that augment the growth of the economy.

Research Gap: The research gap of this study is that there are so many researchs have been done by many researchers but the period which is considered by researcher have not taken by any researcher.

Methodology
Rationale of the Study Life insurance for members of society helps alleviate the financial obligations that could be incurred as a result of an unexpected mortality or a lengthy lifetime for a covered individual. A common expression used in the field of life insurance is "Jeevan k sath bhi aur jeevan k baad bhi." It places an emphasis on the safety of lives that are protected. The objective of nationalising the life insurance market is to make everyone in society feel more secure. This aim applies to all aspects of society. This objective can be accomplished with the help of LIC, as demonstrated in Table 1. The entire quantity of life insurance contracts that have been issued is displayed here. It is evidence of how successfully LIC safeguards people's lives. Research Methodology This research report utilises secondary sources for its material. The information was compiled by researchers using a wide variety of sources, including annual reports published by organisations such as LIC and IRDA, annual reports published by the Government of India, and annual reports published on a variety of websites covering the years 1960-1961 through 2020-2021. The information that was gathered is organised into tables that cover a variety of topics, each of which demonstrates how LIC has contributed to the growth and development of India. Trend analysis and the observation technique are utilised in its dissection. Association, with the assistance of the SPSS software, is used to verify the hypothesis. Role of LIC of India in Inclusive Development LIC have various contribution in different field for building a nation. The table are numerated as below.
Sampling

Table 1(a): Gross Domestic Saving and GDP Growth

F.Y

Gross Domestic Savings (%)

GDP Growth (%)

1960-61

11.6%

3.72%

1970-71

14.6%

1.64%

1980-81

18.9%

6.01%

1990-91

23.1%

1.06%

2000-01

23.4%

4.82%

2010-11

33.7%

5.24%

2020-21

31.38%

8.95%

Table 1(b): Number of Policies/Lives Covered Under Individual/Group Insurance

(in Lakhs)

F.Y

(At the End of the Year

Assurances

Rural Share (in percent)

Group Insurance Schemes

Superannuation Scheme

1960-1961

85.77

36.5

-

-

1970-71

147.85

31.4

3.11

0.08

1980-81

228.12

29.62

63.96

0.49

1990-91

455.68

42.5

169.57

2.43

2000-01

1131.11

55.53

236.68

8.84

2010-11

2404.84

32.76

898.46

81.35

2020-21

2797.13

21.45

835.22

96.45

Source: LIC Annual Report

The table shows that the number of individual Assurances increased 33 times from 85.77 lakhs in 1960-61 to 2797.13 lakhs by 2020-21. This reflects the effectiveness of the policies and practices continued by LIC.







Table 2 Life Insurance Penetration (1960-2021)
(Annual Averages)
This table shows that insurance penetration during 1960-61 to 2020-21 gone up which shows the effectiveness of Life Insurance Industry but still penetration is less.  

F.Y

Life Insurance Penetration (Per Cent)

Life Insurance Density (Rs.)

1960-61

0.66

2.19

1970-71

0.68

4.28

1980-81

0.74

10.98

1990-91

0.84

38.71

2000-01

1.26

187.72

2010-11

4.40

 

2020-21

3.2

 

Source: GOI, Economic Survey, various issues; LIC Annual Report, various

Statistics Used in the Study

LIC and Employment Generation

LIC being a large size of organisation provides a number of employment opportunities directly to public. A number of person are working as an advisor of LIC. This table represents the number of employees and agents. It depicts that number of employees increased 2.48 times from 43848 in 1960-61 to 108987 in 2021-21. However it was 2.7 times in 2000-01 Where as agents on roll increased 8.68 times from 155890 in 1960-61 to 1353808 in 2020-21. If both of these are being added it comes to be more than 14.5 lakhs people are engaged directly or indirectly by LIC in 2020-21. It means that one out of thousand people get job in this oragnisation. Futhermore LIC provides benefits to employees as well agents get benefitted through various incentive schemes. 

Analysis

Table 3: Number of Employees during 2011-21 F.Y Employees (Total) Female    

Years

Employee

Agents (on Roll)

Employees (Total) Female

2011-12  

119767

24295

1278234

2012-13

116711

24470

1172983

2013-14

120388

24867

1195916

2014-15

117453

24776

1163604

2015-16

114773

24368

1061560

2016-17

115934

27890

1131181

2017-18

111979

24510

1148811

2018-19

108684

24009

1179229

2019-20

114498

25602

1208826

2020-21

108987

25192

1353808

Source: LIC Annual Report.

This table shows the trend of employment of LIC during 2011-12 to 2020-21. It depicts that LIC not only provides huge employment it also play a keyrole in the path of women empowerment. Female employee has increased by 1.03 times from 24295 in 2011-12 to 25192 in 2020-21. It means women are also empowered though this organisation.

132 International Journal of Education, Modern Management, Applied Science & Social Science (IJEMMASSS) - January - March, 2023

Table 3(a): Number of Employee and Agents Selected Years (1961-2021)

F.Y

Employees

(I)

Agents on Roll (II)

Active Agents

(III)

Total Employed

(IV)=(I)+(II)

1960-61

43848

155890

125000

199738

1970-71

51938

148214

136578

200152

1980-81

55434

121257

112312

176691

1990-91

96289

489660

414820

585949

2000-01

120158

786516

743064

906674

2010-11

115362

1337064

1293816

1452426

2020-21

108987

1353808

1086000

1462795

Source: LIC annual report







Table 4: Loans Advanced to Various Development Activities During Various Years
(Rupees Crore)

Authorities

2005-06

2010-11

2015-16

2020-21

Electricity:

State Board/ Power Corporation

8471.90

7616.61

2222.80

11380.40

Housing 

State Govt for Housing Scheme

Apex Co-Operative Housing Finance Ltd,

Debentures, Bonds etc to Housing Finance Companies

 

493.60

45.37

3925.00

 

460.08

42.30

3979.37

 

10.00

10.00

9977.61

 

 

 

3669.72

Irrigation/Water Supply & Sewerage :-

26.16

24.78

34.00

-

Transport:

Bridges/State Road Transport Corporations

 

128.00

 

685.58

 

35.55

 

4101.92

Other Infrastructure

760.81

2427.22

11274.46

7170.86

Total

13850.84

15235.94

23564.46

26322.90

Source:- LIC annual report

This table shows that the Loan Advanced by LIC in infrastructure development. Which have significant role in nation building. 

Table 4(a). Investment by LIC

 

Sector –wise

 

Investment wise of which

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

F.Y

Public

Private

Joint

Cooperative

Stock Exchange Securities

Loans

Total

1961

-

-

-

-

503.6

35.2

-

1971

1198.9 (74.82)

239.5

(14.95)

4.7

(0.29)

159.3 (9.94)

1152.7

449.0

1602.4

1981

4707.8 (78.2)

647.2

(10.75)

0.0

665.5

(11.05)

3591.3

2725.6

6020.5

1991

19980.2 (80.24)

3310.0 (13.29)

165.2 (0.66)

1444.3 (5.80)

15871.2

7416.6

24899.7

2001

141256.2 (84.58)

22779.5 (13.64)

799.7 (0.48)

2168.4 (1.30)

140106.0

32155.4

167003.8

2011

 

 

 

 

1146610.04

85464.75

 

2021

 

 

 

3669.72

3522547.08

120396.39

 

Source:- RBI handbooks of Statistics on Indian Economy

Notes:- Figures in bracket are percentage of total. 

This table shows the investment made by LIC in various field. It helped the nation building.

Analysis

H01: GDS have the significant effect on Life Insurance Penetration

 

Correlations

 

 

GDS

Life Insurance Penetration

GDS

Pearson Correlation

1

.891**

Sig. (2-tailed)

 

.007

N

7

7

Life Insurance Penetration

Pearson Correlation

.891**

1

Sig. (2-tailed)

.007

 

N

7

7

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

The result of correlation is 0.891 which shows that GDS have the strong relation with Life Insurance Penetration. Thus H01 is accepted. 

H02:  Employment Generation by LIC have significant effect on GDP

Correlations

 

 

 

Employees

GDP Growth

Employees

Pearson Correlation

 

1

.588

Sig. (2-tailed)

 

 

.165

N

 

7

7

GDP Growth

Pearson Correlation

 

.588

1

Sig. (2-tailed)

 

.165

 

N

 

7

7

The result of correlation comes 0.588 which shows that the employment generation by Life Insurance Corporation have significant role in GDP Growth. Thus, H02 is accepted.  

Conclusion
According to the results of the research, LIC plays a significant role in the progression of national development. It results in employment opportunities, which play a substantial part in the expansion of GDP. Because it offers a wide variety of life insurance products that can be customised to an individual's level of income, spending capacity, and coverage needs, this company is the most dominant player in the market, and it is able to provide protection for the lives of members of every segment of society, regardless of their ability to pay. In order to increase its market position, the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) should take actionable measures to redesign its marketing approach. Additionally, the government ought to place an emphasis on educational programmes for financial inclusion, as these contribute to Gross Domestic Savings (GDS), which in turn contributes to Life Insurance Penetration (LIP). The ordinary people's well-being should receive increased attention from the administration. It ought not to go into private hands.
References
1. Annual report of LIC 2. IRDA Annual report 3. RBI Annual report 4. GOI, Economic Survey, Various Issues 5. P. Suganthi, Dr. S. Rajaram (2016) “An assessment of growth patterns of life insurance sector in India”, International Journal of Marketing & Financial Management, Volume 4, Issue 2, Feb-Mar-2016, pp 31-46. 6. Kumari, Life Insurance Corporation of India: A Catalyst to Development, July 2022