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Antifungal effects of some oils against F.oxysporum in Ridge gourd seed. |
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| Paper Id :
18076 Submission Date :
2023-08-10 Acceptance Date :
2023-08-15 Publication Date :
2023-08-16
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| Abstract |
Eight vegetable oils were screened for
controlling infection of F. oxysporum in ridge gourd seed. Out of eight
oils sesame, mustard and linseed oil were found most effective against seed
infection of F.oxysporum. Seed germination and seedling vigour were also
increased in seed treated with sesame, mustard and linseed oil at 50℃ for 5 min. |
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| Keywords | Antifungal Effects, Ridge Gourd Seed, Vegetable Crops, Synthetic Fungicides. | ||||||
| Introduction | Ridge gourd is an important vegetable crop belonging to Cucurbitaceae. Crop is grown from seeds for their fruits. Fruit has high contents of Ca, P, Oxalic acid Vit. A and C. Boiled fruit is cathartic, expectorant, diuretic and nutritive, anthelmintic stomachic and antipyretic (J.F. Dastur,1964). Crop suffers from a number of phytopathogenic fungi causing severe loss (Westcott,1969). R. bataticola associated with seed and cause charcoal root rot disease. Fungi transmit to stem and fruit from their seeds and causing severe phyto-pathological losses. These seeds can be treated with fungicides but repeated use of fungicides causes serious environmental problems and are toxic to non-targated organisms as well. Biocontrol is the best alternatives of fungicides as they have minimal environmental impacts in contrast to synthetic fungicides, so we used ecofriendly management to control seed-borne pathogen. |
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| Objective of study | The objective of study is to analyse the Antifungal effects
of some oils against F. oxysporum in Ridge gourd seed. |
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| Review of Literature | Review of literature has given in heading result and
discussion. |
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| Methodology | Eight vegetable oils viz. mustard, coconut, groundnut,
sesame, mahua, neem, linseed and castor oil and five replicates of 10 seeds for
each treatment and for each sample were used. The seed tied in cheese cloth
were kept in beaker containing oil heated at 50 and 70°C on a temperature
controlled hot plate for 5 min and 10 min. The seeds were allowed to cool at
room temperature and washed in 70% ethanol to remove excess of oil. These were
air dried and plated on blotter (10 seeds/plate). Untreated seeds served as
control. Observations on seed germination, incidence of pathogen and seedling
infection were taken on 8th day of incubation. |
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| Result and Discussion |
The germination was significantly high in sesame oil 96%
in 5 min. treatment and in linseed oil 92% in 10 min. treatment at 500C
temperature. At 700C temperature, mustard oil gave maximum 76%
germination in 5 min. treatment followed by linseed oil 74% and sesame oil 72%.
The effective control of pathogen incidence was observed
in sesame oil (94.28%) in 5 min treatment followed by mustard and linseed oil
(91.42%) at 500 C. At 700
C, the best control of pathogen incidence was observed in sesame oil
(85.71%) followed by mustard and linseed oil (77.14%) in 5 min treatment. Highest seedling infection control (88.88%) was observed
in sesame oil in 5 min treatment at 50 0C followed by mustard and
linseed oil (83.33%). Seedling infection
control was also maximum in sesame oil (77.77%) followed by linseed and mustard
oil (72.22%) in 5 in treatment AT 700C. In 10 min heated oil
treatment mustard and sesame oil were most effective to control seedling
infection. Kumar (2000) observed maximum inhibition of F.
oxysporum by linseed mustard and coconut oil in 5 min treatment at 700C.
Pyndji, Sinclair and Singh (1987) also studied that soybeen seeds stored for
more than one year are more susceptible to heat treatment by oil thermotherapy
than fleshy harvested seeds. According to them oil of refined maize,palm,
soybeen and sunflower heated oil at 900C for 10 minutes were most
effective to control seed-borne infection of Cercospora kikucchi.
Singh et al. (1989) used six oils (neem, eucalyptus, ocimum, citrus, pine and oil from Cymbopogon nardus) against Sclerotium (Corticium rolfsii) Sacc. and some soil mycoflora, and found neem oil as a most effective against the pathogen. Mustard seed oil and Anethum graveolens were inhibitory to growth of Alternaria alternata, A. flavus, A. fumigatus and A. wentii (Kazmi et al., 1993). Atanda et al. (2007) and Dhingra et al. (2009) reported that various natural plant products are known to be effective against seed associated pathogen. Tian et al. (2011) found that conidial production was inversely proportional to the concentration of essential oils applied.
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| Conclusion |
Results obtained
are indicative of the differential activities of different vegetable oils on
mycelial growth of F. oxysporum because
many of these oils have shown very strong inhibition against mycelial growth of
fungi. |
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| References | 1. Atanda O O, Akpan I, Oluwafemi F (2007) The Potential
of some spice essential oils in the control of Aspergillus parasiticus
CFR223 and aflatoxin production. Food Control 18; 601-607 2. Dastur, J.F.1964 Useful plants of India and Pakistan.
D.B. Tetraporevala Sonsand Pvt. Ltd.,Bombay pp 118 3. Dhingra O., Jham, G.N., Rodrigues F.A., Silva G.J.
Costa M.L.N. (2009) Retardation in fungal deterioration of stored
soybeen by fumigation with mustard essential oil. Australian Plant Pathology
38;540-545. 4. Kazmi, A.R. Niaz, I. and Jilani, G. 1993. Evaluation
of some plant extract and oils for antifungal properties. Pakistan Journal
of Phytopath., 5(1-2): 93-97. 5. Kumar, D. 2000 Studies on seed-borne micro-organisms
of Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L) Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. of Raj.,
Jaipur. 6. Pyndji, M.M., Sinclair, J.B. and Singh, T.
1987. Soybean seed thermotherapy
with heated vegetable oils. Plant Disease 71: 213-216. 7. Singh, R.K., Shukla, R.P. and Dwivedi, R.S. 1989.
Studies on fungitoxicity of oils against Sclerotium
rolfsii Sacc. and soil mycoflora. National Academy Science Letters,
12(6); 183-185. 8. Tian J.,Ban X .,Zeng H.,Huang B.,Wang Y.(2011)
chemical composition and antifungal activity
of essential oil from Cicuta
virosa L. var. latisact celak. International Journal of Food
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9. Wescott,C. The
Plant Doctor1969. Plant Disease Hand Book. Van Nastrand Reinhold Company,
pp.585 |
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