Social Reserch Foundation

P: ISSN No. 2231-0045	RNI No. UPBIL/2012/55438	VOL.- XII , ISSUE- II November - 2023
E: ISSN No. 2349-9435	Periodic Research

Ethnobotanical Studies of Dholpur-Karauli Tiger Reserve (Rajasthan) India

Paper Id : 18466 Submission Date : 2023-11-15 Acceptance Date : 2023-11-20 Publication Date : 2023-11-25
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DOI:10.5281/zenodo.10560582

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Ramesh Chand Meena
Assistant Professor
Department Of Botany
S.P.N.K.S. Government P.G. College
Dausa,Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Dholpur-Karauli is the fifth tiger reserve area after Ranthambore, Sariska, Mukundra Hills and Ramgarh Vishdhari tiger reserve of Rajasthan state. A survey of medicinal plants has been carried out from Dholpur-Karauli tiger reserve in this paper. Total of 101 medicinal plants have been identified as useful in medicinal field from this reserve area. All these medicinal plants have been explained with their local name, family and uses in medicinal fields. Several medicinal plant species this tiger reserve area are on the verge of extinction due to different developmental activities, overgrazing, encroachments and unsustainable uses. People are unaware from the importance of medicinal uses of these plants in this region due to lack of awareness and research work. In this Tiger Reserve area dominantly found mixed deciduous plant species such as Acacia catechu, Anogeissus pendula, Butea monosperma, Lannaea coromendelica, etc.

Keywords

Tiger Reserve, Ethnobotanical, Inhabitants, Extinction, Diversity, Medicinal uses.

Introduction

The Dholpur-Karauli Tiger Reserve area is joint to Ranthambore in Rajasthan and attached with some area of Madhya Pradesh. It has a total of 1,075 sq km area with 580 sq km core area and 495 sq km buffer area. A total of eight tigers are present in this tiger reserve. Above than 5000 peoples located who are living in this reserve area. The tiger reserve area attached with the Chambal River. The Chambal River which makes divide line between Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh also become part of this reserve area. Exclude some part from tiger reserve area that falls in the periphery from firing range. Chambal corridors have successfully protected for tiger reserve area by the forest department.

Objective of study

This study was aimed to recognize the medicinal properties of studied area and know about the importance of medicinal plants for better human health.

Review of Literature

This is my original research work and no prior studies have been done the same topic. So latest review references are not available.

Main Text

Study Area

To know the position of tiger reserve area a field survey was carried out and show in Dholpur and Karauli districts located between 26⁰23’ to 26⁰70’ latitude and 76⁰05’ to 77⁰89’longitude. Sapotara, Mandrail and Karauli tehsil of Karauli district, Bari and Baseri tehsil of Dholpur district were surveyed. During the survey of study a total of thirty eight villages were notified. To know local ethnobotanical knowledge and documenting the medicinal plants carried out regular visit for at many times.

Figure of Dholpur-Karauli Tiger Reserve forest area

Ethnobotanical informations which have collected by different interviews were verified with other informes from different locations.

Methodology

The present research work on the tiger reserve area included ethnobotanical survey and documentation of medicinal plants their uses. According to methodology various interviews of tribal community have been carried out to know their ethnobotanical uses.

Analysis

Ethnobotanical Plants from Dholpur-Karauli Tiger reserve of Rajasthan, India

S. No.	Botanical name of plants	Family name	Local name	Medicinal uses of plants and plant parts
1	Adhatoda zeylanica	Acanthaceae	Adusa, Adusta	Ashes of wood and leaves use for cure of cough and asthma.
2	Barleria prionitis	Acanthaceae	Bajardanti	Use as toothbrush of plant twing and leaf extract decoction use as better health
3	Dipteracanthus prostratus	Acanthaceae	Kalighava ni	To cure of ear maladies use the decoction of plant.
4	Peristrophe paniculata	Acanthaceae	Atrilal	Use as antidote to snake-poison
5	Achyranthes aspera	Amaranthacea e	Latjira	For cure of pneumonia one spoon powder of whole dry plant is use with warm water.
6	Aerva javanica	Amaranthacea e	Bui	Use in cure of rheumatism and headache.
7	Alternanthera pungens Kunth	Amaranthacea e	Kunth	For cure of gonorrhea plant decoction is used.
8	Celosia argentea	Amaranthacea e	Sufaid murgha	To cure of ovarian and uterus diseases used approximately twenty gram crushed seeds is taken orally.
9	Digera muricata	Amaranthacea e	Latmahuri a	To prevent from pus formation leaf paste is used.
10	Gomphrena celosioides	Amaranthacea e	-	Extract of leaves are used to cure in malaria
11	Holarrhena antidysentrica	Apocynaceae	Koorwa	To cure of fever taken the juce of leaves.
12	Calotropis procera	Asclepiadacea e	Aakada	To cure of malaria fever taken twice a day for three days the decoctions of root bark along with black pepper.
13	Calotropis gangetia	Asclepiadacea e	Aak	To cure of bronchitis and asthma decoction of leaves is used and in cure of syphilis and ulceration roots are used.
14	Parthenium hysterophorus	Asteraceae	Gajarghas	To cure of skin diseases the Plant decoction is used as externally.
15	Xanthium strumarium	Asteraceae	Bilawa	To cure of urinary diseases and small pox the fruits are used.
16	Verbesina encelioides	Asteraceae	Nakli- Surajmuk hi	To reduce hurt swelling use the infusion of plant.
17	Vernonia cinerea	Asteraceae	Sahadevi	To cure of fever the decoction of leaves are used.
18	Tridex procumbens	Asteraceae	Khoon datni, Rukhdi	Leaf extract is used in clotting of blood and leaf paste along with hot ghee is used on cuts.
19	Eclipta prostrata	Asteraceae	Bhrangra	Leaf extract is used in jaundice and hair tonic
20	Cordia dichotoma	Boraginaceae	Lisoda	To cure of chest disease and cough used the fruits.
21	Heliotropium marifolium	Boraginaceae	Choti- santri	To cure of emetic dry leaves powder used with hot water.
22	Sisymbrium irio	Brassicaceae	Khubkala	To cure of fever seeds are directly eaten.
23	Boswellia serrata	Burseraceae	Saalar	To cure of fever the flower Powder used along with hot water.
24	Commiphora wightii	Burseraceae	Guggal	Use to cure of lower blood cholesterol
25	Opuntia elatior	Cactaceae	Nagphani	To cure of diabetes plant extract used.
26	Caparis decidua	Capparidaceae	Kair, Tainti	To cure of fever the extract of root bark is taken orally.
27	Capparis sepiaria	Capparidaceae	Jal, Hainsa	Leaf paste is used to cure of piles and extract of root bark used in diuretic febrifuge and stomachic.
28	Cassia tora	Caesalpiniacea e	Panwad	To cure skin diseases decoction of leaves are externally used.
29	Cassia fistula	Caesalpiniaceae	Amaltas	To cure of fever the extract of bark and pods are used.
30	Cleome viscosa	Cleomaceae	Pili hulhul	To cure of fever the extract of leaf is used orally.
31	Ipomoea carnea	Convolvulacea e	Beshram	To cure of filarial the paste of seeds is used.
32	Ipomoea dichroa	Convolvulacea e	-	To cure of purgative the powder of seeds are used.
33	Ipomoea eriocarpa	Convolvulacea e	Hara	To cure of rheumatism and leprosy the paste of plant is used externally.
34	Ipomoea pes- tigridis	Convolvulacea e	Kamalata	To cure of carbuncles and boils the plant paste is used.
35	Ipomoea turbinata	Convolvulacea e	Balkauri	Extract of leaves are used as insecticide and laxative.
36	Citrullus colocynthis	Cucurbitaceae	Indrayan	To cure of rheumatism the paste of root bark and ashgandha mixed with honey is used orally.
37	Coccinia cordifolia	Cucurbitaceae	Kanduri	To cure of diabetes the extract of roots and leaves is used orally.
38	Momordica dioica	Cucurbitaceae	Kakoda	Use the paste of root bark on snakebites.
39	Trichosanthes cucumerina	Cucurbitaceae	Jangli- chichonda	To cure of bronchitis and heart diseases the extract of root bark is used.
40	Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.	Cuscutaceae	Amerbel	To cure of tonsillitis the extract of leaves is used.
41	Cyperous rotundus	Cyperaceae	Motha	To cure of fever the extract of root bark is taken orally.
42	Enicostema axillare	Gentianaceae	Naav	To cure of malaria fever the extract of leaf is taken.
43	Evolvulus aisinoides	Convovulaceae	Neeli shankhpushpi	To cure of fever the decoction of plant is taken.
44	Acalypha ciliata	Euphorbiaceae	-	To cure of ulcers the leaf paste is used.
45	Acalypha indica	Euphorbiaceae	Kho-kali	For cure of scabies the extract of leaves mixed with common salt used.
46	Acalypha lanceolata	Euphorbiaceae	-	On boils, sores and swellings the leaf paste is externally used.
47	Croton bonplandianum	Euphorbiaceae	Ban-tulsi	On heal cuts and Wounds the latex of plant is used.
48	Euphorbia caducifolia	Euphorbiaceae	Dandathor	Use as effective abortifacient at initial phase of pregnancy the root decoction is applied.
49	Euphorbia hirta	Euphorbiaceae	Dudhi	To cure of leucorrhoea the extract of leaves is used along with honey in the morning.
50	Euphorbia thymifolia	Euphorbiaceae	Choti- dudhi	To cure of small pox the extract of leaf extract is used.
51	Phyllanthus nirurii	Euphorbiaceae	Bhuian anvala	To cure of skin infections the leaves are mixed with salt and used externally.
52	Ricinus communis	Euphorbiaceae	Arandi	To cure of stomachache the decoction of leaves is used.
53	Bridelia retusa	Euphorbiaceae	Kajhi	To cure of rheumatism the extract of b is used on the wounds paste of bark is used.
54	Abrus precatorius	Fabaceae	Charmoti	To cure of fever the root powder is used.
55	Trigonella foenium graecium	Fabaceae	Methi	As an antipyretic component the seeds are used along with water.
56	Leucas urticaefolia	Lamiaceae	Panihari	To expel placenta after delivery of buffaloes the boiled leaves are taken with jiggery.
57	Ocimum canum	Lamiaceae	Kali-tulsi	To cure of skin disease the leaf paste is used externally.
58	Abutilon indicum	Malvaceae	Kanghi	To cure of dental problems the Leaf extract is used orally.
59	Azadirachta Indica	Meliaceae	Neem	Extract of leaf and stem bark used externally in leprosy and skin diseases
60	Acacia leucophloea	Mimosaceae	Rounch	In the fever of malaria and stomachache the extract of root and stem bark is used.
61	Acacia nilotica	Mimosaceae	Babul	To cure of ulcer the powder of stem and root bark is used externally.
62	Acacia senegal	Mimosaceae	Kumta	To cure of inflammation of intestinal mucosa gum is used orally.
63	Acacia catechu	Mimosoceae	Khair	Gum is used orally in difficult child birth.
64	Prosopis cineraria	Mimosaceae	Khejari	During pregnancy period the flower powder used orally mixed with sugar by women to protect of miscarriage.
65	Ocimum sanctum	Lamiaceae	Tulsi	Extract of leaves used orally to cure cold and fever.
66	Aloe vera	Liliaceae	Gwarpatha	To cure of fever the extract of pulp is taken orally with honey.
67	Sida acuta	Malvaceae	Bala	To cure of cut and wound the paste of leaves is used externally.
68	Sida cordifolia	Malvaceae	Kungyi	To cure of Parkinson disease the powder of root bark is orally used with cow milk.
69	Sida rhombifolia	Malvaceae	Atibala	To cure of rheumatism the root bark decoction used.
70	Sida veronicaefolia	Malvaceae	Bhiunli	To protect from thorn poison the paste of powdered leaves used externally.
71	Martynia annua.	Martyniaceae	Bichu	Used the paste of powdered nuts to cure in bites of venomous insects.
72	Azadirachta indica	Meliaceae	Neem	To cure of malaria fever the decoction of leaves given orally.
73	Tinospora cardifolia	Menispermaceae	Giloy	To cure of fever the powder of is used orally.
74	Ficus reliogosa	Moraceae	Peepar	To cure of fever the extract of fruit is used orally.
75	Ficus racemosa	Moraceae	Gular	To cure of diarrhea and dysentery the fruits are used.
76	Boerhavia diffusa	Nyctaginaceae	Santhi	As antipyretic medicine the powder of dried plant is used.
77	Argemone mexicana	Papaveraceae	Pilikateli	To cure of eczema the seeds are used with Mahua oil.
78	Butea Monosperma	Papilionaceae	Dhak	To cure of cut and wounds the paste of stem bark used.
79	Indgofera tinctoria	Papilionaceae	Neel Plant	To cure of fever the decoction of root is taken.
80	Tephrosia purpurea	Papilionaceae	Sarphonk a	To cure of headache the decoction of root used with ginger extract.
81	Tephrosia uniflora	Papilionaceae	Bhaker	To cure of syphilis the decoction of whole plant is used.
82	Rhynchosia minima	Papilionaceae	Govindpall i	To cure of fever the roasted seeds are used.
83	Abrus precatorius	Papilionaceae	Chirmi/Rat ti	Decoction of leaves and flowers are used to cure the disorder of nervous system.
84	Cynodon dactylon	Poaceae	Dubghas	To cure of migraine the extract of grass is used as a nasal drops and paste is used in hair cure.
85	Zizyphus nummularia	Rhamnaceae	Jhadi Ber	To cure of rheumatism the extract of root bark is used externally.
86	Ziziphus mauritiana	Rhamnaceae	Beri Tree	To cure of mouth ulcer and stomachic the fruits is eaten.
87	Aegle marmelos	Rutaceae	Bel	Juice of fruits are used to cure of diarrhoea and dysentery.
88	Cardiospermum halicacabum	Sapindaceae	Kanphuti	Used paste of leaves externally for wounds healing.
89	Lindenbergia muraria	Scrophulariace ae	Chatti	To cure of scorpion- sting the paste of leaves is used externally.
90	Bacopa monnieri	Scrophulariace ae	Brahmi	To cure of nerve disorder the decoction of leaves used.
91	Ailanthus excelsa	Simaroubaceae	Arru / Aldoo	To cure of malaria fever the decoction of stem bark is used.
92	Solanum nigrum	Solanaceae	Makoi	To cure fever the decoction of leaves is used.
93	Datura fastuosa	Solanaceae	Datura	To cure cough the leaves are used as smoking.
94	Lycium barbarum	Solanaceae	Morali	To cure of diuretic disorder the decoction of leaves is used.
95	Physalis minima	Solanaceae	Pipat	To cure earache the leaf extract is used.
96	Solanum xanthocarpm	Solanaceae	Bhatakataiya,chhoti kateri	To cure of cough and asthma the seeds are used. These are also use in removing of stones from bladders.
97	Solanum virginianum	Solanaceae	Pili kateli	To cure of cough and asthma the decoction of leaves with zinger and black pepper used.
98	Vitex negundo	Verbenaceae	Nirgund / Nagad	To cure of fever the extract of flower is used.
99	Lantana camara	Verbenaceae	Jharmari	For cure of tetanus the decoction of leaves with salt used.
100	Cissus quadrangularis	Vitaceae	Hadjod, hadjora	Plant extract is used in muscular pain and fractures.
101	Tribulus terrestris	Zygophyllacea e	Gokhru	To cure Spermatorrhoea the dry fruit powder with sugar and Piper nigrum is used orally.

Result and Discussion

Many active medicinal components have been discovered by the ethnobotanical information. These components are helpful for the discovery of new drugs. So we can say that the ethnobotanical information have reliable approaches for drug industries. All these active components have been discovered from plants on their ethnobotanical information’s. Tribal peoples are used these ethnobotanical plants and their products to cure of different diseases such as cough, cold, fever, boils, asthma, body ache, dysentery, diarrhea, rheumatism, fracture, leucorrhoea, poisonous bite etc. Tribal peoples are use all above plants as source of vegetables, fruits, timber wood, fuel and fibers. Western lifestyle is rapidly change human nature toward urbanization and the area of forest is being to loss. Some developmental activities like as construction of dams, spread of residential colonies, advanced agricultural practices, use of plant resource as large scale and fast movement toward allopathic medicines are hardly effected. Traditional knowledge about these medicinal plant species are vanishing regularly from this area and being destructed of their habitat. It has been finding out that the ethnobotanical information about these medicinal plants are being go to destructed due to lack of written knowledge. Due to lack of government support tribals are not take traditional uses of plants exhibited. It is also find out that some tribal’s are going to adopt allopathic treatment and not using the traditional plants to treat numerous diseases. So it is confirmed that the traditional plant-based treatment is losing rapidly. Cultural and socio- economic conditions are attributed for partly dependent on herbal medicine for the primary treatment. It should be protect the forest area for medicinal plants and practicing with traditional medicine based treatment. Use this knowledge on currently medicine methods and understand about the system for also use this knowledge in the future even in urban regions. Due to rapid urbanization a large number of plant species have become threatened to their habitat loss. It has been find out within the ethnobotanical survey that tribals are hesitant to disclosing the information about their traditional treatment. Ethnobotanical informations are give them a reputed identification so they hesitant to disclose their knowledge. It found during survey that the transmission of knowledge has been lost from one generation to other generation with their depth. According to tribal’s their forfathers knew much more ethnobotanical knowledge comparisons of themselves. The pressure on the plant resources in nature have increased and their uses is also fast expanding in market due to present globalization towards herbal drugs. For threatened medicinal plants the conservation plans should be adopt for future needs. Making plans for the conservation strategies for medicinal plants, the tribal’s should be participate in planning of problem formulation and adopt their supporting view for the conservation management.

Conclusion

In Dholpur-Karauli Tiger Reserve a total of 101 ethnobotanical plant species have observed. Dholpur-Karauli Tiger Reserve is famous for very important plant and animal species. Plant products such as flowers, fruits, leaves, bark, seeds are using as antibiotic producers by local people and ayurvedic doctors for their better healthy life in a crude manner. Medicinal values of these plant species have much potential for with their antibiotic properties. In the field of biochemistry, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and biotechnology a lot of scope for researchers in this tiger reserve. Many other plant species are occurring in this tiger reserve which can be applying as ethnobotanical plant species.

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