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About Banda District

The district Banda is getting its name Banda from a Hindu sage Bamdeo. According to Hindu mythology, Bamdeo is known as a contemporary of Rama. The Hermitage of Bamdeo is located at the foot of the hill in this region since then locality has reflected its identity. The study area lies between latitude 24 degrees 53’ N and 25 degrees 55’ N and longitude 80 degrees 7’ east to 81 degrees 34’east. It is bounded by the district of Fatehpur in the North and the district of Allahabad in the east, in the west by the district of Hamirpur, and in the south by the Rewa, Panna, Satna, and Chhatarpur districts of Madhya Pradesh. Banda district covered a 4408 sq km area (https://banda.nic.in; 05/07/2020, 09:28 AM). According to the 2011 census, the total population of this area is 199,812,341. It is an increase of 20.2% from the previous year 2001. 77.7% population of the total population is rural. From the previous year, the rural population increased by 22.3% in this district.

Figure No. 1.3: Map of Banda District

Source: www.mapsofindia.com

The district largely consists of irregular uplands with outcrops of rock intermingling with marshy lowlands, frequently underwater in the rainy season. The Baghain River traverses the district from southwest to northeast. The tract lying to the right of the river I intersected by numerous smaller rivers and nullahs, but to the left, it is a flat expanse. Most of the mar and Kabar soils were eroded and converted into soils, along the banks of the Ken and Yamuna Rivers, and to a lesser extent the Baghain River and Garara nullah. The general slope of the district is from southwest to northeast. District Banda comes under division Chitrakoot Dham which was constituted in the year 1997. In the year 1997, Banda district was divided into two districts namely Banda and Chitrakoot. To provide efficient administration the district is administratively divided into 04 tehsils namely Banda, Naraini, Baberu, and Atarra. For implementation and monitoring of the development scheme, the district is divided into 08 Development Blocks namely Jaspura, Tindwari, Badokhar Khurd, Baberu, Kamasin, Bisanda, Mahuva, and Naraini. The total area of the district is 4408.0 Sq. Km. The rural area covers 4347.7 sq. Km. and urban recorded 60.3 Sq. Km. There are 437 Gram Panchayats and 694 Revenue villages with 657 inhabited villages and 37 uninhabited villages in the district. In urban areas, there are 08 Statutory Towns. Statutory Towns comprises of 02 Nagar Palika Parishad and 06 Nagar Panchayats (Census 2011, pp.13). 

For this paper, many books, newspapers, research papers and online sources has been reviewed. 

About the Naraini Block

Naraini block is located in Banda district and belongs to the Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. There are eight blocks in the Banda district named Jaspura, Tindwari, Kamasin, Naraini, Badokhar Khurd, Bisanda, Mahuwa, and Baberu. As per the administration records, the block number of Naraini block is 414. The block has 134 villages and there are a total of 47258 families in this block. The population of Naraini block is 258,432. Out of this, 138,795 are males and 119,637 are females. This block has 43253 children in the age group of 0-6 years. Among them 22869 are boys and 20384 are girls. The literacy ratio in Naraini block is 51% which reflects that the illiteracy rate of Naraini block is 48%. According to the census 2011, several working people in the Naraini block are 106745 while 151687 are non-working out of which 35308 are fully dependent on agriculture. The local languages of the block are Hindi, bundeli, and Urdu. The nearest railway station to Naraini block is Atarra railway station which is located approximately 10 km from the block. Atarra bus station is the nearest bus station and Naraini itself has its bus stand. According to Sankhiyikiya Patrika 2016, a brief profile of the Naraini block is given below

Sr.No.	Item		Unit		Period		Particular
1	Population Density			Per sq km	2010-11		311.6
2	SC/ST			Percentage	2010-11		21.69
3	Total main workers			“	2011		28.72
4	Agricultural workers			“	2011		84.53
5	Family-industry workers			“	2011		1.59
6	Peasant			number	2019		35266
7	Agricultural labors			Number	2019		27352
8	Family labors			“	“		1179
9	Other workers			“	,,		10277
10	Total main workers			,,	,,		74074
11	Marginal workers			,,	,,		32303
12	Total area of agriculture			he	2019		67310
13	Total sown area			he	,,		156
14	well			number	,,		2436
15	Ponds			,,	,,		421
16	Govt. tube wells			number	,,		129
17	Bhustariya well			,,	,,		333
18	canal			k.m.	,,		10515

Source: Sankhiyikiya patrika block 2016

About Nahari Village:

The total population of Nahari village is 3,793, of which the male population is 2034 and the female population is 1759. The total number of households in Nahari village is 784HHs. The total SC population in the village is 1055 of which 564 are male population and 491 are females which is 27.81% of the total population. 72.19% of the total population belongs to General caste in Nahari Village. ST population is nil in this village. The total population of the 0-6 age group is 561 of which 284 are boys and 277 are girls. The total percentage of literates is 55.62% of which 34.40% are males and 21.22% are females.

Nahari village comes under Nahari gram panchayat of Naraini block. There are many hamlets in this village, in which people live from different castes, Names of these hamlets villages are- Udayipurwa, Bajrangipurwa, Diyulipurwa, Kachhinpurwa, and main Nahari village. The distance of Nahari village from the district headquarters is about 55km. The nearest police station is Naraini police Station, nearest railway station is Atarra railway station which is situated at a distance of 33 km. The nearest road is via Naraini to the nearest village Kartal which is a 25 km long route. Kartal village is the last village of Naraini which connects the Banda district from the Madhya Pradesh border. The nearest market from Nahari village is the market in Naraini tehsil which is located at a distance of 18 km. The main village is Nahari village which is a Brahmin caste-dominated area that includes Shukla, Upadhyay, Karwariya, Dwiwedi, Tiwari, Garg, etc. subcastes, Apart from this, Verma and Prajapati castes also reside in the main village. Udayipurwa hamlet includes Brahmin, Prajapati, Vishwakarma, and Sahu families. Bajrangipurwa hamlet includes Sahus and Vishwakarma families and Kachhinpurwa hamlet includes Yadav families. Apart from this Diyulipurwa hamlet is purely Kori's dominant area which is situated in solitude 5 to 6 km from the main village.

About Chitrakoot District

Chitrakoot is an ancient place and mentioned in ancient Indian literature. Chitrakoot finds special mention in the Ramayan where Ram spent a part of exile. On his way back to Ayodhya after completing exile of 14 years, Ram met Bharat here which is mentioned elaborately as 'Bharat Milap' in Ramayan. The district of Chitrakoot was carved out from Banda district on 6 May 1997. Earlier Karvi was sub-district under Banda. Karvi was 70 km away from headquarters at Banda. There are some villages in Mau tahsil situated at a distance of about 150 km from the district headquarters at Banda. The public was finding it inconvenient to visit the district headquarters at Banda. There was a general perception among the public that Karvi and Mau tahsils of the then Banda district were not getting proper attention. It was also felt that due to the distance of the district headquarters, there was mushrooming of dacoits. It is not surprising that the gun culture in Uttar Pradesh is at its ugliest peak in the present Chitrakoot and Banda districts. For the above reasons, the creation of Chitrakoot district out of the Banda district was necessitated.
Figure No. 1.4: Map of Chitrakoot District

Source: www.mapsofindia.com

At present the four districts of Chitrakoot, Banda, Hamirpur, and Mahoba form Chitrakoot Dham revenue division with headquarters at Banda. Chitrakoot district ranks 70th in terms of population in the Uttar Pradesh state. The percentage share of the urban population in the district is 9.7 percent as against 22.3 percent of the population in urban areas of the state. Chitrakoot district has a population density of 308 persons per sq. km. Which is less than the state average of 829 persons per sq. km. Chitrakoot district ranks 51st in terms of sex ratio 879 which is lower than the state average of 912 females per thousand males. Chitrakoot district ranks 50th in literacy with 65.0 percent which is lower than the state average of 67.7 percent. There are only 94 uninhabited villages out of total 656 villages in the district. Decadal growth rate of the district (23.7) percent which is higher than the state average of 20.2 percent.Karvi tahsil has highest (387) of inhabited villages while Mau tahsil has the lowest number (175) of inhabited villages. The district has 4 towns out of them 3 are statutory and 1 census towns. Neither any statutory town has been merged nor declassified after 2001 census. Total 656 villages are included in district , in which 562 are inhabited villages and 94 are uninhabited villages. The total population of the district is 991,730 in which Males are   527,721  Females are  464,009.

About Karvi (Chitrakoot Dham) Block

Karvi block is a part of Chitrakoot district. The study area lies between latitude 25degree5’58.383” to 25degree25’17.889”N and longitude 80degree41’40.233” to 81degree1’52.613”E covering an area of 51879.52ha (Saha et al: 2017; Pp 44). Karvi known as Chitrakoot Dham serving as a district headquarter and a municipal corporation in this district of Uttar Pradesh. Chitrakoot Dham falls on National highway 76 stretched from Pindar to Allahabad via Udaipur, Chittaurgarh, Kota, Shivpuri, Jhansi and Banda; it is a railway station Manikpur- Jhansi/Kanpur main railway track, served by the North- Central division of Indian railways (Saha et al: 2017; Pp 44). Population of this block is 256,526 according to 2011 census in which 136,915 are males and 119,611 are females. As per the administration records the block number of Karvi block is 416. According to Sankhiyikiya patrika 2016 a brief profile of Karvi block is given below

Sr.No	Item	Unit	Period	Particular
1	Population Density	Per sq km	2010-11	308.30
2	SC/ST	percentage	2010-11	23.91
3	Total main workers	,,	2011	29.78
4	Agricultural workers	,,	2011	78.88
5	Family-industry workers	,,	2011	2.54
6	Peasant	Number	2019	37848
7	Agricultural labors	,,	2019	20294
8	Family labors	,,	,,	1872
9	Other workers	,,	,,	13699
10	Total main workers	,,	,,	73713
11	Marginal workers	,,	,,	25864
12	Total area of agriculture	Hec	2019	82324
13	Total sown area	hec	,,	39889
14	Pucca  well	Number	,,	1311
15	Ponds	,,	,,	00
16	Govt. tube wells	,,	,,	00
17	Bhustariya well	number	,,	802
18	canal	k.m.	,,	79

About Padari Village:

Total population of Padari village is 1754 in which 802 are female population which is 45.7% of total population and 952 are female population which is 54.3% of total population. Literacy rate in village is 47.8% in which female literacy percentage is 17.5%. Total schedule caste population is 42.1% of total population, General caste population is of 26% and OBC population is 32% of total population.  0-6 age group population is 352 in which 42% are a girl Total number of households in Padari village are 295 HHs.

Padari village comes under Patwa Tirauha gram panchayat. There are two hamlets in Padari village names as – Rahunipurwa and Bodaki ka Purwa. Main village Padari includes Kori, Nai, Yadav, Sahu, Brahmin, Thakur, Prajapati, Jaiswar and Raikwar; Rahunipurwa hamlet includes Raidas, Chamars, Dumars, Prajapati, Gautam and Yadavas, apart from this Bodaki ka Purwa hamlet includes Yadav families. Padari village is located in Karvi tehsil of Chitrakoot. Majority of the population belongs to Hindu religion. This village is located 33 km towards west from district headquarter. The nearest railway station is Shivrampur railway station and Bharatkup railway station. Nearest police station is Shivrampur police station. Nearest bank is Aryawart bank which is situated at 3 km distance from village. Nearest market is Shivrampur market. Nearest post office is also situated in Shivrampur post office.  

1. Gazetteer of Uttar Pradesh. District Banda. 2015.

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5. Singh Priya.2022. Dynamics of Agrarian Structure and Changing Agrarian Relations: A Sociological study in rural areas of Bundelkhand region. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj.

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