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Adjustment Problems of Adolescents with Special
Reference to Differently Abled Adolescents |
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| Paper Id :
18735 Submission Date :
2024-03-11 Acceptance Date :
2024-03-21 Publication Date :
2024-03-25
This is an open-access research paper/article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.11261512 For verification of this paper, please visit on
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| Abstract |
Adjustment of the organism to the changing conditions of
the environment is a subject matter of psychology. Man, among the living beings
has the highest capabilities to adapt to new situations. Man as a social being
not only adapts to physical demands but also adjusts to social pressures in the
society. Life is a process of adjustment to varied situations. Education
prepares children to meet the challenges of life. Most of the activities of
individual require adjustment it may be personal, social, economic, vocational
and so on. In this study the investigator intends to study the adjustment
problems of teenage students regarding social, emotional, health and adjustment
with their family members. The investigator used descriptive method in
conducting the study. The method of purposive sampling is used in the study.
The tools used for this study is Adjustment inventory prepared by R.K.Ojha. One
more self devised questionnaire is also used to get better result. To test the
significance of difference between the male and female students ‘t’ test was used. |
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| Keywords | Adjustment, Teenage, Adolescence, Adolescents. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Introduction | The process of adjustment starts from the birth of the
child and it continues till end of the life. The adaptability to the obstacles of
external environment goes on increasing as we proceed from lower extreme to
higher extreme of life. Man has the highest capacities of all living beings to
adjust to the new situations. According to biologist the term adjustment is for
physical demands of the environment on the other hand psychologist use the term
adjustment for various conditions of social and inter-personal relations in the
society. From this point of view we can say that adjustment refers to the
reaction to the demands and pressures of social environment imposed upon the
individual that may be internal or external. These external and internal types
of demands sometimes come into conflict with each other and it makes adjustment
process a complicated one for the individual. In this way conflicts among the
various demands of the individual creates special problems of adjustment. Psychologists have interpreted adjustment
on two ways --as a process and as an achievement. Criteria for Good Adjustment Psychologists have evolved four criteria to judge the
adequacy of adjustment. They are -- 1. Physical health: To be physically healthy the
individual must be free from physical ailments like headache, indigestion,
impaired of appetite etc. 2. Psychological comfort: The individual must be free
from psychological diseases as obsession, compulsion, anxiety, depression etc. 3. Work efficiency:
An individual is called well adjusted if he makes full use of his
occupational or social capabilities. 4. Social Acceptance: A person is termed as well adjusted
if he obeys social norms, beliefs and values. Definition of Adjustment According to Gates and Jersild, "Adjustment is a
continual process by which a person varies his behaviour to produce a more
harmonious relationship between himself and his environment." L.S.Shaffer defines, “Adjustment is the process by which
living organism maintains a balance between his needs and the circumstances
that influence the satisfaction of these needs." J.C Agarwal defines that, "Adjustment is a condition
or state in which one feels that one’s needs have been fulfilled and one’s
behaviour conforms to the needs of a given environment or the environment is
changed in a manner as it conforms to the needs of the individual. ’’ Adjustment as a process means interaction between an
individual and his/her external environment. Adjustment as a process in an
individual is studied throughout the entire phases of development, starting
from initial days as infant up to adulthood. As our environment are constantly
changing, individual's adjustment can be expected to change from situation to
situation. Adjustment as
achievement refers how effectively and Individual could perform his duties in
different conditions. One of the important phases of human life is the period
of adolescence. This period runs between childhood and adulthood and for this
reason this period is also termed as teenage. In this period marked physical
changes take place which have significant behavioral implications. These physical changes sometimes create
problems among the teenagers which may create problems in adjusting with both
external and internal environment. So, there is need and importance to know the
adolescent's development to guide them properly. Following points help us why we should study adolescence
-- 1. Understanding developmental characteristics and
problems. 2. Maintenance of mental health. 3. Adjustment to responsibilities. 4. Curiosity. Problems of adjustment: Adolescence is the period of transition from childhood to
adulthood which implies marked developmental changes specially the physical
changes. Systematic studies on problems of adolescence for the first time were
conducted by G.S. Stanley Hall who called this period as period of storm and
stress. S.R. Laycock stated the problems of adjustment into
following groups-- 1. Adjustment in home, school, society and to opposite
sex। 2. Freedom from home. 3. Adjustment in suitable vocation. 4. Developing a sound philosophy of life.
Besides these problems in Bell Adjustment Inventory we
found four types of adjustment such as home, health, social and emotional. |
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| Objective of study | The objectives of the present paper are as follows: 1. To study the adjustment problems of the teenagers. 2. To compare the adjustment problems of teenage boys and
girls.
3. To find out the significance level of adjustment of
teenage boys and girls. |
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| Review of Literature | Rajeswari, S and Eljo, J G. J.O (2013) in their study on
Emotional adjustment of adolescents school students found that majority of the
respondents have high level of emotional adjustment. It is also found that
there is no significant difference between gender and the level of emotional
adjustment. B. Ningama and M.Armin (2010) in their study
"Relationship between adjustment and self esteem among adolescence "
conducted on students of class ix in Mysore City. The findings of the revealed
that home, parents, self-esteem had positive influence over emotions of the
students. The results of the study also showed that school environment had
positive impact over the health adjustment of the students. W.M. Sureen and A. Jain and Ayere (2012) conducted a study
on "The relationship among School Adjustment, gender and academic
achievement among the secondary school students’’in Kisumu district, Kenya to
see the level of school adjustment and its relationship with academic
achievement, gender differences. The results of the study revealed that there
were no significant differences between boys and girls in school adjustment. P. Louis and A. Emerson (2012) in their study on
"Adolescents adjustment in high school students: a brief report on
mid-adolescence transitioning" to identify the adjustment difficulties I
high school students within a city. The findings of the study showed that there
were problems in the area of emotional, social and educational in both boys and
girls but the difference are not significant one. There was no significant
gender difference too.
Talukdar, L. (2016) in
her study on “A comparative study on adjustment and emotional intelligence of
deaf/dumb and blind children ’’found that both the categories of differently
abled children have adjustment problems. It is also found that boys have more
adjustment ability in comparison to the girls. |
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| Methodology | In the present study descriptive method is used. |
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| Sampling |
For the study 200 teenage students are taken from
different schools of Kamrup district, Assam. The sample of the study consists
of 100 boys and 100 girls.
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| Tools Used | For the Study following tools are used - 1. Bell's Adjustment Inventory. 2. Self-devised questionnaire. Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age ranges from 12 to 18 years. 2. Area of the study is Kamrup (Rural) district of Assam. Statistical Methods: Statistical methods used to analyse the data are-- 1. Mean and S.D. 2. "t" test is used to test the significance of difference between the adjustment of boys and girls. |
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| Analysis | Analysis of data : Table : 1 Mean and S.D. in different areas of Adjustment of male and female students.
Figure 1: Graphical representation of Mean scores of male and female students in the areas of adjustment (BAI)
From the table 1 above it is seen that the mean
scores of male students in different areas of adjustment i e. Home, health,
social and emotional are 8.08, 7.58, 6.57 and 6.14 respectively. On the other
hand the mean scores of female students in the areas of home, health, social
and emotional are 7.96, 7.17. 6.34 and 5.65 respectively. From the mean scores
of male and female students it is seen that the mean scores of female in
comparison to male students are found to be less. From the analysis of data it can be inferred
that the male students are more adjustable than the female .It is seen that
there were differences in mean scores of male and female students but the
differences were not significant one
accept in the area of emotional. In the
area of emotional adjustment the “t” value is 2.04 which show a significant
difference between the male and female in the area of emotion. |
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| Conclusion |
Adjustment is a process by which all living beings
try to keep balance between their needs and surrounding environment. With the
help of adjustment process every person whether male or female tries to deal
with stress, tension, conflict and demands of the external and internal
environment. From the study it can be concluded that both male and female
students have adjustment problems but the level of adjustment is not same. Boys
showed adjustment behaviour quite well in all the areas of adjustment than the
girls. Regarding emotional adjustment
too boys showed better emotional adjustment than the girls. From this study it
can be said that there is need and importance to hold some programmes in school
premises to develop the level of adjustment among the students in and outside
the school premises. |
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| References | 1. Chauhan,S.S. : Advanced Educational Psychology, Vikash
Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. 2. Das Phunu and Goswami, S.: Educational Psychology,Shanti Prakashan,
Panbazar, Guwahati. 3. Garrett , H.E. : Statistics in Psychology and Education
,Vakils , Feffer an Simons Ltd. Mumbai. 4. Goswami, Marami: Fundamentals of Educational psychology,
Ashok Publication, Panbazar, Guwahati. 5. Mangal, S.K. : Advanced Educational Psychology,
Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. 6. Mathur , S.S. : Educational Psychology, Vinod Pustak
Mandir, Agra.
7. Rajeswari.S and Eljo. J.O. J G: A
study on emotional adjustment of adolescent school students, International
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, vol. 2. Issue 2, May 2013 ,
International Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology (IASET) |
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