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Study area

From January 2023 to December 2023, the study was carried out in and around the Lilkee beed at several locations, such as those close to water sources, feeding zones, nesting areas, resting areas, and areas with dense vegetation. Field surveys using the point counts approach were conducted in the morning, midday, and evening at these often visited places.  Two observers recorded the species of birds present at each study site independently. To aid in further identification, they took images of the birds with Canon cameras. The various bird species were identified using standard reference books (Amano Samarpan 2006, Grimmett et al., 2016 and Ali & Ripley, 2003). Three groups of birds were identified based on their residential status- residents, winter visitors and occasional visitors. Birds that were routinely spotted in the study region were classified as residential, while species that were only observed once or twice during the study period were classified as occasionally visitors. Winter visitors are those birds that have only been seen in the winter. The advanced transect approach maintains a constant transect length of 1500 meters while varying the width length based on the survey area. For example, the width in a dense area was 15 meters and in other open fields it was 50 meters. Over the course of the study period, eighteen transects were completed. The relative abundance of each bird species was used to compute the encounter rate, which was then expressed as the number of bird species observed or traveled (km). The following formula was used to determine relative diversity (RD):

RD = Number of species in a family / Total number of species x 100

Table1. Guild (Group Composition), Status and Richness of Bird Fauna Observed in and Around Lilkee Beed

Status: R= resident, WV= winter visitor, OV= occasionally visitor,

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) categories: LC= least concern; NT= near threatened; EN= endangered

* The information based on the IUCN Red List (IUCN 2023-1)

** Guild status (mostly) in Table 1 is from Cornell Lab of Ornithology 2024

Fig 2. Relative diversity among all avian families in and around Lilkee Beed of Churu, Rajasthan

Fig 3. The residential status of avian fauna in and around Lilkee Beed of Churu, Rajasthan

Fig 4. Guild based classification of avian fauna in and around Lilkee Beed of Churu, Rajasthan

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