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A Study on Faunal Biodiversity in Wall Paintings of Jhunjhunu District |
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| Paper Id :
19150 Submission Date :
2024-08-02 Acceptance Date :
2024-08-23 Publication Date :
2024-08-25
This is an open-access research paper/article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.13380102 For verification of this paper, please visit on
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| Abstract |
Jhunjhunu is a district located in the shekhawati
region of Rajasthan, India. It is well known for its fresco art and
meticulously engraved architecture of Haveli's. It's famous for the world
largest open air art gallery. Shekhawati region of Rajasthan is very rich in
Wall Paintings. Most of the wall paintings of shekhawati area are in Haveli's. At
the core of the tradition of making these ancient paintings is the feeling of
religious beliefs, auspicious sentiments, beer worship and healthy entertainment.
Wall paintings also identified and define the region and help one to understands
the natural aspects like - climate, season, topography, flora and fauna. This study
focuses on the diversity of animals in wall Painting of Jhunjhunu district. These frescoes are painted on
havelis, cenotaphs, forts, bavari (step well) are adorned with the depiction of
mythological and historical themes, spiritual animals, the daily day life
scenes and at some places are depicted erotica and even imaginary. Within these
broad outlines, the subjects were picked at random. Famous Havelis such as
Arjun das Goenka Haveli museum, Roop Niwas Kothi, Morarka Havelis, Dr. Ramnath
A Poddar Haveli museum, Ramgarh fresco Hotel, The Alsisar Mahal, Mohanlal Ishwardas
Haveli, Tibrewala Hakaniram Narsingh das Haveli, Balkishan Lakhotiya Haveli,
Kailash Shastri Haveli, Nemana Ki Haveli etc. exhibit Shekhawati art. |
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| Keywords | Faunal Biodiversity, Fresco Painting, Shekhawati, Jhunjhunu. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Introduction | The shekhawati area of Rajasthan is well known
for its hundreds of exquisite muraled havelis and for having the largest
outdoor art gallery in the world. The areas comprised of multiple loans
containing thousands of paintings and other decorative arts, such as havelis, temples,
and stunning architecture. The beautiful havelis and their art work are
credited to all the Marwari merchants who financed their success. As the
shekhawati region is spread out over around 13784square kilo meter. In
Nawalgarh, Mandawa, Churu, Jhunjhunu, Bissau, Mahansar, Ramgarh, Alsisar and
Fatehpur. We might discover painted havelis of shekhawati which having faunal
biodiversity. Biodiversity can also be seen in these wall paintings, in which
pictures of different animals and birds can be seen. The mention of animals and
birds in the wall paintings reflects the biodiversity found at that time. In
various paintings of shekhawati, there are many animals like cow, elephant,
monkeys, squirrels etc. are mentioned, and birds like peacock, pigeon, parrot etc.are
also depicted. |
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| Objective of study | This study
focuses on the diversity of animals in wall Painting of Jhunjhunu district. These frescoes are painted on
havelis, cenotaphs, forts, bavari (step well) are adorned with the depiction of
mythological and historical themes, spiritual animals, the daily day life
scenes and at some places are depicted erotica and even imaginary. |
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| Review of Literature | The great majority of these paintings date from the
second half of the nineteenth and the first quarter of the twentieth centuries,
but there are also earlier examples. The painting looks so attractive from a distance
and has created a Wave of independent publications starting with Rajasthan. The
painted walls of shekhawati by F. Wacziarg and A Nath (1982) and more recently
Shekhawati painted township by K. Singh (1995) and the Lavishly produced
shekhawati Rajasthan painted home by P Rakes and K. Lewis (1995). Coopers new guide is painted in the same format as his
earlier Rajasthan. The guide to the painted towns of shekhawati (with street
maps) (Churn, no date 1987, according to the book under review P.229), but it
contains many more photographs and is more voluminous. The presence of animals and birds in the wall paintings
of Shekhawati reflects their Culture, the relationship of humans with bird and
the creatures found at that time. The diversity of animals and birds is visible in the
havelis of different areas of Shekhawati. The Havelis of shekhawati have paintings on different
theme which kept changing with time. Along with this, their biodiversity is
also diverse. From the book 'Geography of Rajasthan ' by Lajpat Rai bhalla, we
get information about the climate, geographical source, drainage, environmental
minerals, natural vegetation, Public gatherings, tourism etc. of Rajasthan and
Shekhawati which will be helpful in the research. In Harfool Singh Arya's book "The overview and
contribution of the destination of shekhawati" the multi-faceted
historical literary culture and artists’ traditions of Rajasthan have been
depicted in the construction of building with Giti Chige. From this book,
important information about the historical nature of shekhawati will happen. Sanjay Bhalotia (2004) has given a spatial description of
the main tourist places of shekhawati in his book "Ecological basis of
tourism in shekhawati". He said that the wall paintings have a special
influence in the fame of these tourist places of shekhawati. Due to the
artistic beauty of motion pictures, this area has become famous. It has its unique
identity not only in Rajasthan but also in entire India and the world; hence it
is also useful in this study. In the book " Shekhawati Haveli painting: A cultural
introduction" R.P.S Rathore (2014) has talked about the major incarnation
of lord Vishnu depicted in the early paintings of shekhawati. These wall paintings
give a glimpse of the immediate geographical nature. This gives us an
understanding that is gained about the chronology of geographical development.
Ilay Cooper in his travelogue " Rajasthan:
Exploring painted shekhawati" the folk life and culture of shekhawati has
been described. They started his journey from Ramgarh shekhawati passing
through various towns of shekhawati, he had talked about many aspects of socio-
cultural life here. These wall paintings of shekhawati are very useful from the
point of view of studying the Socio cultural aspect of geographical nature |
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| Main Text |
Study Area : Shekhawati is a semi-arid historical region located in the northeast part of Rajasthan, India. Its area is 13784 square kilo meter. It's northern Rajasthan 27055' N 75024' E. The temperature ranges from below 0.00C (320F) in winter to more than 500C (1220F) in summer. The summer brings hot waves of air is called Loo. Annual rainfall is at around 450 to 600 mm.
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| Methodology | To study the murals of Jhunjhunu district, a trip was made to various towns of Jhunjhunu district. Through which biodiversity was ascertained. Nikon D-71 Camera and Olympus binocular (10x50) were used to collect murals of the area. To get the picture received from the camera clearly. A laptop was used, from which a suitable image was obtained.
Climate are divided into three seasons
The region was ruled by shekhawat Rajput. Shekhawati
is located in North Rajasthan, comprising the districts of Jhunjhunu, Churu
& Neem ka Thana part of Sikar district that lies to the west of Aravalli.
In shekhawati, forces were initially introduced by shekhawat Rajput's in their
forts & palaces. This region has been recognized as the 'open art gallery of Rajasthan' having the largest
concentration of Fresco in the world. The tradition of building construction in
the shekhawati region has been significant for its local culture. The
traditional courtyard house is called the Haveli, dotting the small towns and
villages of shekhawati stand out as a distinctly built form. We can found
painted havelis of shekhawati in Nawalgarh, Mandawa, Churu, Jhunjhunu, Bissau,
Mahansar, Malsisar, Ramgarh and Fatehpur |
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| Result and Discussion |
Table 1 Different Havelis of Jhunjhunu District
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| Findings |
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| Conclusion |
Shekhawati's Haveli are found in the state of Rajasthan. The
paintings on the wall of shekhawati Havelis are visible. In the region more
towns are being built as tourism improves. Each and every mural makes use of the
fresco technique to tell stories regarding our culture in a world of creative
art work and technique. We have stunning arrays of our traditional art, which
encourages and informs artists & scholars, how to create their own work via
age-old methods. It will promote the presentation of Indian topics, traditions,
heritage and creative work. It is believed that art reflects society.It is the
only form of media that can capture even the smallest actions and unforced
expressions of the individual and the community. We discovered that the
Shekhawati wall depicts the celebration of various festivals and functions.
Indeed, we discovered the involvement of a bull, peacock, elephant, deer,
horse, and camel, among others. in guiding the Shekhawati population's social
life through representations. With its status as the world's "open art
gallery," Shekhawati offers unique possibilities in both the visitor
experience and the challenge of realizing it. My research aims to serve as a
potential gateway to situate Shekhawati in the larger understanding of spaces
for museum experience. When
someone considers this sanctuary of Fresco in the current era, they are struck
by the subtly deteriorating State of an internationally renowned work of art
and architecture. The
government's lack of initiative in raising money and time.
The
most significant factor impending development is the absence of responsible
leadership and appropriate qualifications for employment. Serious worries about the preservation and
appropriation of shekhawati's richness are what need to motivate efforts to use
community resources to empower people via a plan for the management of the
watershed, establish self-sufficiency in the area and create a strong economy. |
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| Acknowledgement | Author is highly thankful to professor and head of department of zoology, Govt. Lohia P.G. College, Churu for providing guidance. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| References |
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